scholarly journals The Impact of Nationally Coordinated Pharmacy-Based Asthma Education Intervention

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Anne Diamond ◽  
Kenneth Ross Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a nationally coordinated pharmacy-based educational intervention on self-management behaviour and markers of asthma control in self-referred patients with asthma.DESIGN: An asthma clinic day was set up by a national chain of community pharmacies whereby pharmacists used a structured questionnaire to assess asthma control and self-care among self-referred patients with doctor-diagnosed asthma. In a one-on-one counselling session, each patient's educational needs were identified and the appropriate education offered. A telephone follow-up 30 days later assessed the impact of teaching.SETTING: Community pharmacies across Canada.OUTCOME MEASURES: The follow-up questionnaire quantified the number of wheezing episodes or other symptoms per week, the number of night-time awakenings per week, and the frequency of use of reliever and preventive medications.RESULTS: Of 4080 patients assessed, 22.2% used an inadequate inhaler technique, 16.4% used a short acting beta2-agonist excessively and 21.0% were not using an inhaled corticosteroid daily despite a frequency of symptoms that would suggest that it was needed. Common educational interventions included a review of inhaler technique (41.9%), a recommendation for regular inhaled corticosteroids (31.5%) and a referral to the primary care physician (21.0%). Thirty days after the educational intervention, patients reported significant decreases in the frequency of daytime asthma symptoms, the frequency of nocturnal symptoms and the frequency with which short acting beta2-agonists were used, while reporting significant increases in their use of preventive medication.CONCLUSIONS: A brief assessment and an educational intervention in the community pharmacy can produce significant short term improvements in patient-reported symptom control and appropriate self-management behaviour.

Abstract P186: A Randomized Preschool Trial To Promote Cardiovascular Health In Colombia: 18 Month Follow Up.

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Céspedes ◽  
German Briceño ◽  
Michael Farkouh ◽  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Martha Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Educational programs for children can increase uptake of healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, the impact of educational programs in preschool-aged children in low- and middle-income countries is not known. We conducted a five month educational intervention in preschool facilities (PF) in Bogota, Colombia, to assess changes in preschooler’s knowledge, attitudes and habits (KAH) towards healthy eating and living an active lifestyle. Methods: We conducted a cluster, randomized, controlled trial, and randomly assigned 14 PF in Bogota to a five-month educational intervention (7 PF) or to usual curriculum (7 PF). The intervention included classroom activities and use of printed material and videos. A total of 1216 pre-school children, 928 parents, and 120 teachers participated. A structured survey was used to evaluate changes in KAH with a weighted total score (WTS). The primary outcome was change in children's WTS, and the secondary outcomes were change in parents’ and teachers' WTS. The control PF were provided the intervention after the initial evaluation. To assess sustainability, we evaluated both intervention and control groups at 18 months. Results: At 6 months, children in the intervention group showed 10.9% increase in WTS vs. 5.3% in controls, p<0.001, after adjustment for cluster, sex, age and teachers' educational level. Among parents, the equivalent results were 8.9% and 3.1%, respectively, p< 0.001, and among teachers 9.4% and 2.5%, p=0.06. At the 18-month extended follow-up, both the intervention and control children showed a significant further increase in WTS, p<0.001 (Figure 1). In parents and teachers in the intervened group, there was no significant increase in WTS, p=0.7417, and p=0.1197. In the control group, there was an increase in WTS in teachers but not in parents, p=0.001, and p=0.4239. Conclusion: A preschool based intervention, aimed at changing KAH related to healthy diet and active lifestyle, is feasible, efficacious and sustainable up to 18 months in very young children in Colombia.

Intervention Mediators in a Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Physical Activity and Fatigue Self-management Behaviors Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Plow ◽  
Robert W Motl ◽  
Marcia Finlayson ◽  
Francois Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience fatigue, which is aggravated by inactivity. Identifying mediators of changes in physical activity (PA) and fatigue self-management (FSM) behaviors could optimize future interventions that reduce the impact of MS fatigue. Purpose To examine the effects of telephone-delivered interventions on Social Cognitive Theory constructs and test whether these constructs mediated secondary outcomes of PA and FSM behaviors. Methods Participants with MS (n = 208; Mean age = 52.1; Female = 84.6%) were randomized into contact–control intervention (CC), PA-only intervention, and PA+FSM intervention. Step count (Actigraphy) and FSM behaviors as well as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal setting for PA and FSM were measured at baseline, post-test (12 weeks), and follow-up (24 weeks). Path analyses using bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined whether constructs at post-test mediated behaviors at follow-up when adjusting for baseline measures. Results Path analysis indicated that PA-only (β = 0.50, p < .001) and PA+FSM interventions (β = 0.42, p < .010) had an effect on goal setting for PA, and that PA + FSM intervention had an effect on self-efficacy for FSM (β = 0.48, p = .011) and outcome expectations for FSM (β = 0.42, p = .029). Goal setting for PA at post-test mediated the effects of PA-only (β = 159.45, CI = 5.399, 371.996) and PA + FSM interventions (β = 133.17, CI = 3.104, 355.349) on step count at follow-up. Outcome expectations for FSM at post-test mediated the effects of PA + FSM intervention on FSM behaviors at follow-up (β = 0.02, CI = 0.001, 0.058). Conclusions Goal setting for PA and outcome expectations for FSM may be important constructs to target in telephone-delivered interventions designed to reduce the impact of MS fatigue. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01572714)

scholarly journals P101 ‘Best Foot Forward Workshops’: a novel supported self-management approach for foot health

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Connett ◽  
Colin Beevor ◽  
Sam Ward ◽  
Ernest Wong ◽  
Lindsey Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Education Session ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clinical Appointment

Abstract Background Rheumatic foot health challenges can be multiple and wide-ranging, leading to reduced mobility or quality of life. However, the provision of foot health services is disparate. There is a need to innovate new approaches to personalised foot health care outside of traditional clinical models of service delivery. A new healthcare model was co-designed by patients, academics and clinicians from secondary and primary care Trusts, to support self-management. Part of this model included the development of ‘best foot forward’ workshops. There is a need to: minimise the impact of the demonstrated gap between what service users need or want and what services are providing; reduce waiting times; empower self-management; improve MDT availability for those in need; reduce the number of appointments needed to get resolution; reduce service costs; maintain patient satisfaction. Methods The team co-designed a series of foot health workshops, at 8-week intervals. The novel workshop design extended beyond a traditional patient education session and consisted of: 1. an education session about anatomy and physiology for the lower limb, 2. social networking time, 3. a themed education session, 4. opportunity for group discussion, 5. opportunity for individual question and answer with a health professional, 6. Access to direct request for follow-up appointment. Electronic invitations were sent to all patients registered within a single rheumatology department enrolled on the electronic notification system. Posters advertising the workshops were displayed in waiting areas. After three workshops data regarding patient attendance, satisfaction, and health service use up to four weeks after the workshop was collected. Results Nineteen, 22 and 30 patients attended the workshops respectively. Seven people attended multiple workshops. All patients reported having an unmet foot health need and would have otherwise sought a clinical appointment. Allowing for session preparation time (approx. 3 hours per session) 20 hours of clinical time was saved; the clinical waiting list was reduced by 12 sessions (6 weeks). Three patients (4%) requested one follow-up clinical appointment immediately after the workshop. No patients requested additional appointments in the four weeks after each workshop; enabling patient led review saved 71 further appointments. Patients reported content, venue and satisfactions scores of 9.6, 8.7 and 9.6/10 respectively. Conclusion Further research is needed to confirm that patients’ needs are being fully met, in addition to enabling supported self-management and improving clinical outcomes. There is potential for these workshops to be co-ordinated and facilitated by expert patient partners. The role of group interaction as a therapeutic mechanism to aid supported self-management is worthy of further study. Best foot forward workshops could represent a viable supported self-management alternative to traditional clinical models for people with rheumatic conditions. Disclosures S. Connett None. C. Beevor None. S. Ward None. E. Wong None. L. Cherry None.

ASSESSING THE BENEFITS THAT COMMUNITY PHARMACIES CAN HAVE ON CHILDHOOD ASTHMA OUTCOMES

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. e2.48-e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Asthmatic Children

IntroductionThe local Clinical Commissioning Group has funded an innovative one-year pilot project to assess the value of providing specialist paediatric pharmacist and physiotherapist support direct to families and health care professionals (GP's, community pharmacists, practice nurses etc.) regarding asthma in the primary care setting. Community pharmacies are the one service that asthmatic children come in contact with in order to pick up their medications it was decided to encourage staff to provide interventions at the point of collection.Methods22 large chain, small chain and independent community pharmacy branches were included in the pilot (out of 152 within CCG area) with a total of 31 pharmacists and 67 assistants trained to provide the service. The plan was to provide ‘back to basics’ leaflets on collection of prescription to help improve education on the medications being used; provide inhaler technique counselling on the collection of all prescriptions for children; encourage pharmacist's to perform medicines use reviews and the new medicines service in asthmatic children of high school age (for which they could collect the standard NHS fee). In order to assess the benefits of this, the pharmacist or assistant would first perform the standard asthma control test, marked out of 25 with the parent/patient completing an online version one month later to assess any improvement in symptom management. In order to trace the number of MURs, NMS, inhaler counselling sessions and leaflets given out a tally chart was completed each month by the branches involved.ResultsUnfortunately of the 22 branches that signed up to the pilot only 15 returned tally charts to the team. Over a six month period 23 MUR's, 3 NMS and 32 inhaler technique sessions were performed with 67 leaflets distributed. Of a possible 55 asthma control tests (MURs and inhaler technique counselling sessions) only 23 patients completed the four week post intervention online form. Of those completed the average asthma control test score increased by 7 points (30% increase). In particular feedback from the pharmacists involved was that the inhaler counselling sessions were of particular benefit to parents/patients.Feedback from the pharmacy teams in general was positive with many stating it was good to be more involved in the care of children's conditions; however many stated in order for the service to roll out to a wider audience the scheme would have to provide a financial incentive for the large chains to take part.ConclusionsIt is clear that interventions performed by the community pharmacy teams can help improve symptom control in asthmatic children. In particular ensuring patients are using their medications correctly appears to be key to symptom control. Encouraging pharmacists to provide child friendly MURs should be investigated further to prove the benefit of this service further. It should be noted that ensuring patients are using their medications correctly is already part of the essential service contract for pharmacies.

scholarly journals Early Insights From a Digitally Enhanced Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program: Single-Arm Nonrandomized Trial

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/25295 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e25295
Author(s):  
Folasade Wilson-Anumudu ◽  
Ryan Quan ◽  
Cynthia Castro Sweet ◽  
Christian Cerrada ◽  
Jessie Juusola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Nonrandomized Trial ◽  
Digitally Enhanced ◽  
The Impact

Background Translation of diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) into a digital format can improve access, but few digital programs have demonstrated outcomes using rigorous evaluation metrics. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a digital DSMES program on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for people with type 2 diabetes. Methods A single-arm, nonrandomized trial was performed to evaluate a digital DSMES program that includes remote monitoring and lifestyle change, in addition to comprehensive diabetes education staffed by a diabetes specialist. A sample of 195 participants were recruited using an online research platform (Achievement Studies, Evidation Health Inc). The primary outcome was change in laboratory-tested HbA1c from baseline to 4 months, and secondary outcomes included change in lipids, diabetes distress, and medication adherence. Results At baseline, participants had a mean HbA1c of 8.9% (SD 1.9) and mean BMI of 37.5 kg/m2 (SD 8.3). The average age was 45.1 years (SD 8.9), 70% were women, and 67% were White. At 4-month follow up, the HbA1c decreased by 0.8% (P<.001, 95% CI –1.1 to –0.5) for the total population and decreased by 1.4% (P<.001, 95% CI –1.8 to –0.9) for those with an HbA1c of >9.0% at baseline. Diabetes distress and medication adherence were also significantly improved between baseline and follow up. Conclusions This study provides early evidence that a digitally enhanced DSMES program improves HbA1c and disease self-management outcomes.

scholarly journals Exploring Interactive Survivorship Care Plans to Support Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/23414 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e23414
Author(s):  
Akshat Kapoor ◽  
Priya Nambisan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Survivorship Care Plans ◽  
Survivorship Care ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivorship ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
The Impact

Background Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among American women, accounting for 23% of all cancer survivors nationally. Yet, the availability of adequate resources and tools for supporting breast cancer survivors has not kept up with the rapid advancement in treatment options, resulting in unmet supportive care needs, particularly among low-income and minority populations. This study explores an alternative means of delivering breast cancer survivorship care plans (SCPs), with the aim of improving survivor morbidity, patient knowledge, and self-management of treatment-related symptoms, as well as addressing inconsistencies in follow-up care visits. Objective The overall goal of this study is to improve the uptake of SCP recommendations via an educational intervention for breast cancer survivors, to improve treatment-related morbidity, patient knowledge, self-management, and adherence to follow-up visits. The specific aims of the study are to (1) evaluate the feasibility of the online SCP, and (2) assess the impact of the online SCP on survivorship outcomes. Methods We will enroll 50 breast cancer survivors who have completed initial breast cancer treatment into a 2-armed, randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot trial, and collect data at baseline and 6 months. For the first aim, we will use mixed methods, including surveys and personal interviews among the intervention group, to determine the feasibility of providing an online, interactive SCP (called ACESO) based on the survivors’ online user experience and their short-term adoption. For the secondary aim, we will compare the 2 groups to assess the primary outcomes of survivor knowledge, self-efficacy for self-management, perceived peer support, and adherence to SCP-recommended posttreatment follow-up visits to oncology and primary care; and the secondary outcomes of treatment-related morbidity (body weight, fatigue, depression, anxiety, sexual function, distress, and sleep quality). We assess these outcomes by using measurements from validated instruments with robust psychometric properties. Results We have developed and refined the online breast cancer survivorship plan, ACESO, with consultation from breast cancer oncologists, nurses, and survivors. Approval for the study protocol has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board. An advisory board has also been established to provide oversight and recommendations on the conduct of the study. The study will be completed over a period of 2 years. Conclusions The results of this pilot study will inform the feasibility and design of a larger-scale pragmatic trial to evaluate the impact of an online breast cancer SCP on treatment-related morbidity and self-efficacy for self-management. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/23414

Impact of Pharmacist Education on Inhaler Technique and Adherence in an Outpatient Clinic

2021 ◽  
pp. 001857872110468
Author(s):  
Bianca Mayzel ◽  
Sarah Muench ◽  
Colleen Lauster
Keyword(s):  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Technique Evaluation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmacist Education

Background and Objectives: To assess the impact that pharmacist education has on proper inhaler technique and adherence in a teaching clinic. Methods: This was prospective, non-randomized, pre-test/post-test study. Patients were 18 years or older, had a diagnosis of asthma or COPD, and prescribed at least 1 inhaled medication. Initial visits consisted of a baseline asthma control test (ACT) or COPD assessment test (CAT), the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI), and a baseline inhaler technique evaluation. The pharmacist then educated the patient. Then inhaler technique was assessed again (post-education inhaler technique evaluation #1). Follow-up visits occurred 4 to 8 weeks later. ACT or CAT and TAI test were administered and inhaler technique was assessed again (post-education inhaler technique #2). The primary outcome was the comparison of the percentage of correct steps performed from baseline to post-education inhaler technique evaluation #1 and from baseline to post-education inhaler technique evaluation #2. Results: Eighteen patients were included, with a mean age of 58 years old. Over half had asthma, were female and African American. There was a significant difference in inhaler technique from baseline to post-education inhaler evaluation #1 and from baseline to post-education inhaler evaluation #2. The most common step missed was no exhalation before inhalation. There was no significant difference when comparing the individual and overall TAI test scores from initial to follow up visit. Conclusions: This study supports pharmacist-led inhaler technique education.

scholarly journals Implementing an integrated approach to self-management support in an acute major trauma therapy team: an improvement project

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Hollinshead ◽  
Fiona Jones ◽  
Lucy Silvester ◽  
Paul Marshall-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Major Trauma Centre ◽  
The Impact

More patients now survive multiple trauma injuries, but the level of long-term unmet needs is high. Evidence shows self-management support can improve patients ’ confidence to manage these needs but traditionally this support starts post-hospital. Starting self-management support early could prepare patients and families for successful transitions from hospital. The skills and commitment of clinicians have been shown to contribute to the success or failure of self-management approaches. The aim of this project was to explore the feasibility of integrating self-management support in an acute major trauma setting by evaluating the impact of an educational intervention on clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding self-management support and identifying any barriers and facilitators to integrating self-management into daily practice. Two improvement cycles were carried out over a 1-year period involving 18 allied health professionals (AHPs) in an acute major trauma centre in London, UK. An educational intervention, ‘Bridges Self-Management Programme’ was modified for the setting. The impact was evaluated using (1) a clinician questionnaire to evaluate knowledge and attitudes; (2) case reflection forms and (3) peer review to observe interactions to integrate self-management support. Questionnaire data were summarised and pre-training and post-training scores compared; the qualitative data from written case reflections, verbal and written feedback from training and group discussions was described and analysed thematically. The result of two improvement cycles has shown it was feasible to improve AHP’s knowledge, attitudes and change behaviours regarding self-management support in the acute trauma setting, but difficult to sustain change beyond 6 months. Key barriers such as the pressure to discharge patients and support within the wider multidisciplinary team (MDT) were identified. Facilitators included the introduction of a new key-worker, to enable shared team approaches and paperwork to involve patients and families in goal setting and treatment planning. The main learning was to ensure sustainability mechanisms from the outset, engage the wider MDT in training, and integrate self-management language and principles into team processes.

scholarly journals The Quebec Respiratory Health Education Network: Integrating a model of self-management education in COPD primary care

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bourbeau ◽  
Raquel Farias ◽  
Pei Zhi Li ◽  
Guylaine Gauthier ◽  
Livia Battisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Inhaler Technique

The objective of this study is to evaluate whether a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) self-management education program with coaching of a case manager improves patient-related outcomes and leads to practice changes in primary care. COPD patients from six family medicine clinics (FMCs) participated in a 1-year educational program offered by trained case managers who focused on treatment adherence, inhaler techniques, smoking cessation, and the use of an action plan for exacerbations. Health-care utilization, health-related quality of life (HRQL), treatment adherence, inhaler technique, and COPD knowledge were assessed at each visit with validated questionnaires. We also evaluated whether the use of spirometry and the assessment of individual patient needs led to a more COPD-targeted treatment by primary care physicians, based on changes in prescriptions for COPD (medication, immunization, and written action plan). Fifty-four patients completed the follow-up visits and were included in the analysis. The number of unscheduled physician visits went from 40 the year before intervention to 17 after 1 year of educational intervention ( p = 0.033). Emergency room visits went from five to two and hospitalizations from two to three (NS). Significant improvements were observed in HRQL ( p = 0.0001), treatment adherence ( p = 0.025), adequate inhaler technique ( p < 0.0001), and COPD knowledge ( p < 0.001). Primary care physicians increased their prescriptions for long-acting bronchodilators with/without inhaled corticosteroid, flu immunizations, and COPD action plans in the event patient had an exacerbation. The COPD self-management educational intervention in FMCs reduced unscheduled visits to the clinic and improved patients’ quality of life, self-management skills, and knowledge. The program had a positive impact on COPD-related practices by primary care physicians in the FMCs.

Tailored intervention to implement the management of hypertensive and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in community pharmacies – a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i47-i48
Author(s):  
A Ogunbeku ◽  
S J Showande ◽  
R Adisa ◽  
T O Fakeye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Joint National Committee ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Uncontrolled blood pressure and poor glycaemic control may lead to increased morbidity and mortality (1). A systematic review of 40 studies reported beneficial effects of interventions conducted in community pharmacies in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (2). Aim To evaluate the impact of a tailored intervention on clinical outcomes in the management of hypertensive and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in community pharmacies in a pilot implementation study. Methods The study (April to July 2019) utilized a mixed-method design. This included a cross-sectional survey among 133 consented community pharmacists and 390 T2DM and/or hypertensive patients at the pharmacies. Thirty-one item (pharmacists) and 29-item (patients) semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information on their perception of pharmacists’ roles in the management of T2DM and/or hypertension. Barriers to implement identified roles by the pharmacists were documented. Thereafter, a prospective before- and after-intervention study was conducted in four consented pharmacies to address the barriers. Two pharmacists per pharmacy and 34 consented T2DM and/or hypertensive adult patients who had been on medications for ≥3 months participated. Pharmacists were provided with 2-hr one-on-one training on the management of T2DM and hypertension based on standard guidelines pre-intervention and at 4 weeks. Components of the pharmacist’s intervention included patient’s education, medication counselling , lifestyle modifications and self-care use of point of care devices. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body mass index (BMI) of all patients were measured at baseline, 4- and 8-week post-intervention. Weekly patient follow-up visits to the pharmacies were mandatory. Telephone calls and referral were incorporated, when necessary. Failure to show up for two consecutive visits disqualified patients from completing the study. Descriptive statistics (to summarise data), and paired t-test to compare mean differences in the measured parameters at α=0.05. Results Hypertensive and/or T2DM patients (374) and 71 pharmacists participated in the survey. The patients expected pharmacists to provide medication counselling (81;27.1%), education (47;12.6%), follow-up (18;4.8%), health outcomes monitoring (17;4.5%), and collaboration with physicians (12;3.2%). Sixty-nine (97.2%) pharmacists agreed that patients’ follow-up, patient counselling (71;100.0%), therapeutic plan design to achieve goals (67;94.4%) and collaboration with physicians (61;85.9%) were important. Barriers to providing adequate counsel to these patients were time constraints (23;32.4%), unconducive environment (7;9.9%) and patient’s impatience (33;46.5%). For the intervention component, 16 of the 34 patients enrolled were lost to follow-up (one hospitalized, seven failed two consecutive visits, and eight lost to referral). Effects of the tailored intervention on the parameters are in Table 1. Conclusion The patients’ and pharmacists’ perceived roles of the pharmacist in the management of hypertension and T2DM were in tandem. The 8-week tailored pharmacists’ intervention resulted in better control of blood pressure but increased FBG. This pilot study is limited by the small sample size of patients and pharmacists, as well as the lack of appropriate comparator. Future large-scale multi-site study with relevant comparator is required for a far-reaching conclusion on the impact of the tailored pharmacist intervention in the management of diabetes and hypertension. References 1. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–72. 2. Evans CD, Watson E, Eurich DT, Taylor JG, Yakiwchuk EM, Shevchuk YM, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease interventions by community pharmacists: a systematic review. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(5):615–28.

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