scholarly journals Effects of Emotion on Pain Reports, Tolerance and Physiology

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie E Carter ◽  
Daniel W McNeil ◽  
Kevin E Vowles ◽  
John T Sorrell ◽  
Cynthia L Turk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Negative Affective States

The effects of specific emotional states on a laboratory pain task were tested by examining the behavioural, verbal and psychophysiological responses of 80 student volunteers (50% female). Participants were assigned to one of four Velten-style emotion-induction conditions (ie, anxiety, depression, elation or neutral). The sexes of experimenters were counterbalanced. Overt escape behaviour (ie, pain tolerance), pain threshold and severity ratings, verbal reports of emotion and physiological measures (ie, electrocardiogram, corrugator and trapezium electromyogram) were recorded. A pressure pain task was given before and after the emotion induction. As predicted, those who participated in the anxiety or depression condition showed reduced pain tolerance after induction of these negative emotions; pain severity ratings became most pronounced in the depression condition. Emotion induction did not have a discernable effect on pain tolerance or severity ratings in the elation condition. A pattern of participant and experimenter sex effects, as well as trials effects, was seen in the physiological data. The influence of negative affective states (ie, anxiety and depression) on acute pain are discussed along with the unique contributions of behavioural, verbal and physiological response systems in understanding the interactions of pain and emotions.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

scholarly journals Testing Whether Suicide Capability Has a Dynamic Propensity: The Role of Affect and Arousal on Momentary Fluctuations in Suicide Capability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyne C. Law ◽  
Michael D. Anestis
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Main Effects

To prevent suicidal behaviors, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms and processes that enable an individual to act on suicidal thoughts. Suicide capability, which involves an increased pain tolerance and fearlessness of death, is a critical factor that enables an individual to endure the physical pain necessary to make a lethal suicide attempt. Extant research has largely conceptualized suicide capability as developing linearly in response to painful and provocative experiences, but the emerging literature on the temporal dynamics of suicide has been challenging the notion of linearity in suicide risk. Few studies have directly measured and compared changes in suicide capability in response to rumination on different affective states. We sought to experimentally test if rumination in the context of low vs. high arousal emotions will prompt distinct changes in two core components of suicide capability: pain tolerance and fearlessness of death on two undergraduate student samples. In both studies, participants provided measures of subjective emotional state as well as pain threshold, tolerance, and persistence before and after completing experimental manipulations which included both emotion and rumination induction procedures. In the second study, measures of fearlessness about death and physiological arousal (heart rate) were added to the experimental procedures. We found significant decreases in pain threshold, tolerance, and persistence following the experimental manipulations but found no main effects of rumination or suicide risk. These findings suggest that suicide capability can fluctuate but these changes may occur through a different mechanism and/or differ between individuals at varying levels of suicide risk.

scholarly journals Influence of arousal on intentional binding: Impaired action binding, intact outcome binding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Render ◽  
Petra Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Intentional Binding ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract Emotional states have been indicated to affect intentional binding, resulting in an increase or decrease as a function of valence and arousal. Sexual arousal is a complex emotional state proven to impair attentional and perceptual processes, and is therefore highly relevant to feeling in control over one’s actions. We suggest that sexual arousal affects intentional binding in the same way as highly negative arousing states such as fear and anger. Ninety participants performed the intentional binding task before and after watching an either sexually arousing or emotionally neutral film clip. Analyses were conducted for the subcomponents action and outcome binding separately including the change in arousal before and after the emotion induction as a continuous measure. Results showed an interactive effect for time of measurement (before and after emotion induction) and arousal change on action binding: a decrease in action binding was noted in participants who reported to be more aroused and an increase in action binding was observed for participants who reported to be less aroused. Results emphasize that alterations in action binding are likely to reflect the deficits in the dopaminergic system involved in action execution. An impaired feeling of control in aroused states may play a crucial role for the underlying psychological mechanisms of impulsive violent behavior.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Methods for Evaluating the Effects of Arousal and Emotional Valence on Performance of Racing Greyhounds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Starling ◽  
Anthony Spurrett ◽  
Paul McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Eye Temperature

The racing greyhound industry in Australia has come under scrutiny in recent years due to animal welfare concerns, including wastage where physically sound greyhounds fail to enter or are removed from the racing industry because of poor performance. The reasons why some greyhounds perform poorly in racing are not well understood, but may include insufficient reinforcement for racing or negative affective states in response to the race meet environment. The current study investigated ways to measure affective states of greyhounds (n = 525) at race meets across three racetracks and the factors influencing performance by collecting behavioural and demographic data, and infrared thermographic images of greyhounds’ eyes at race meets. Increasing Eye Temp After had a negative association with performance (n = 290, Effect = −0.173, s.e. = 0.074, p-value = 0.027), as did increasing age (n = 290, Effect = −0.395, s.e. = 0.136, p-value = 0.004). The start box number also had a significant association, with boxes 4, 5 and 7 having an inverse relationship with performance. There was a significant effect of racetrack on mean eye temperatures before and after the race (n = 442, Effect = 1.910, s.e. = 0.274, p-value < 0.001; Effect = 1.595, s.e. = 0.1221, p-value < 0.001 for Gosford and Wentworth respectively), suggesting that some tracks may be inherently more stressful for greyhounds than others. Mean eye temperature before the race increased as the race meet progressed (n = 442, Effect = 0.103, s.e. = 0.002, p-value < 0.001). Behaviours that may indicate frustration in the catching pen were extremely common at two of the tracks but much less common at the third, where toys attached to bungees were used to draw greyhounds into the catching pen.

Cardiovascular and affective responses to social stress in adolescents with internalizing and externalizing problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Hastings ◽  
Carolyn Zahn-Waxler ◽  
Barbara A. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Cardiovascular Arousal ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Behavioral responses to stress and challenge are based in emotional and physiological arousal reactions. Adolescents with maladaptive or problematic behavior patterns, such as internalizing or externalizing problems, are likely to show atypical emotional and physiological reactions to stress. Relations between problems and reactions to stress were examined in a sample of 55 young adolescents with normal to clinical levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Youth had their self-reported emotional states, heart rate, and blood pressure levels measured before and after engaging in two socially challenging, evaluative manipulations. Internalizing problems were associated with less positive affect but greater anxiety and cardiovascular arousal, whereas externalizing problems predicted greater hostility and positive affect but less cardiovascular arousal. The necessity of recognizing and incorporating comorbid characteristics and multiple response systems into studies of the links between problems and reactivity is emphasized in the discussion.

Trait cheerfulness sensitivity to positive and negative affective states

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484
Author(s):  
Raúl López-Benítez ◽  
Tao Coll-Martín ◽  
Hugo Carretero-Dios ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Alberto Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Students ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Induction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Negative Induction

AbstractRecent research suggests that trait cheerfulness triggers larger state cheerfulness variations after facing amusing and sad clips. The present study aimed at replicating and extending these effects. A sample of 80 psychology students (68 women) was selected depending on their scores in trait cheerfulness. Participants watched a set of positive and negative pictures, which was accompanied by statements, and were asked to report their affective states before and after watching them. The results showed that high versus low trait cheerfulness participants reported a larger increase in state cheerfulness, valence, and joy measures after the positive induction and a larger decrease in state cheerfulness after the negative induction. The results replicate and extend previous findings and support the idea that high trait cheerfulness people are more sensitive to the affective environment.

Evaluating Risk-Propensity Assessment Methods: Patterns in Repeated Exposure to Emotional Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Sahinya Susindar ◽  
Harrison Wissel-Littmann ◽  
Terry Ho ◽  
Thomas K. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Comparison Results

In studying naturalistic human decision-making, it is important to understand how emotional states shape decision-making processes and outcomes. Emotion regulation techniques can improve the quality of decisions, but there are several challenges to evaluating these techniques in a controlled research context. Determining the effectiveness of emotion regulation techniques requires methodology that can: 1) reliably elicit desired emotions in decision-makers; 2) include decision tasks with response measures that are sensitive to emotional loading; and 3) support repeated exposures/trials with relatively-consistent emotional loading and response sensitivity. The current study investigates one common method, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), for its consistency and reliability in measuring the risk-propensity of decision-makers, and specifically how the method’s effectiveness might change over the course of repeated exposures. With the PANASX subjective assessment serving for comparison, results suggest the BART assessment method, when applied over repeated exposures, is reduced in its sensitivity to emotional stimuli and exhibits decision task-related learning effects which influence the observed trends in response data in complex ways. This work is valuable for researchers in decision-making and to guide design for humans with consideration for their affective states.

Immunological variability associated with experimentally-induced positive and negative affective states

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann D. Futterman ◽  
Margaret E. Kemeny ◽  
David Shapiro ◽  
William Polonsky ◽  
John L. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Experimentally Induced

SYNOPSISFunctional and phenotypic immunological parameters were examined immediately before, after, and 30 minutes after experimentally-induced short-term positive (happiness) and negative (anxiety, depression) affective states and a neutral state, in five healthy subjects. Results indicated that all affective states induced more immune fluctuations (regardless of the direction) than the neutral state. Furthermore, among the affective states, anxiety induced the most immunological variability and depression the least.

Pain, negative affective states and opioid-based analgesics: Safer pain therapies to dampen addiction

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-68
Author(s):  
Nicolas Massaly ◽  
Tamara Markovic ◽  
Meaghan Creed ◽  
Ream Al-Hasani ◽  
Catherine M. Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective States ◽  
Negative Affective States

The healing power of well-being

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobin Mathew ◽  
Cheramadathikudyl Scariya Paulose
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Functional Correlation ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Healing Power ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Neuroendocrine system plays an important role in modulating our body functions and emotions. At the same time, emotions implicate a pivotal role in the regulation of brain function and neuroendocrine system. Negative affective states such as depression and stress are associated with premature mortality and increase the risk of various fatal diseases. It has been suggested that positive affective states are protective and improve our health and productiveness. Several potential mechanisms have been posited to account for these associations including improved health behaviour, direct physiological benefits, enhanced resistance and recovery from stress among individuals with high versus low positive emotional resources. This review summarises information concerning the neuronal and hormonal systems in mood, impact of negative and positive affective states on the level of cortisol, epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and endorphins. The functional correlation of neuronal and hormonal systems in the development of diseases and their ability to enhance health-relevant biological processes are also evaluated.

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