scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Methods for Evaluating the Effects of Arousal and Emotional Valence on Performance of Racing Greyhounds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Starling ◽  
Anthony Spurrett ◽  
Paul McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Eye Temperature

The racing greyhound industry in Australia has come under scrutiny in recent years due to animal welfare concerns, including wastage where physically sound greyhounds fail to enter or are removed from the racing industry because of poor performance. The reasons why some greyhounds perform poorly in racing are not well understood, but may include insufficient reinforcement for racing or negative affective states in response to the race meet environment. The current study investigated ways to measure affective states of greyhounds (n = 525) at race meets across three racetracks and the factors influencing performance by collecting behavioural and demographic data, and infrared thermographic images of greyhounds’ eyes at race meets. Increasing Eye Temp After had a negative association with performance (n = 290, Effect = −0.173, s.e. = 0.074, p-value = 0.027), as did increasing age (n = 290, Effect = −0.395, s.e. = 0.136, p-value = 0.004). The start box number also had a significant association, with boxes 4, 5 and 7 having an inverse relationship with performance. There was a significant effect of racetrack on mean eye temperatures before and after the race (n = 442, Effect = 1.910, s.e. = 0.274, p-value < 0.001; Effect = 1.595, s.e. = 0.1221, p-value < 0.001 for Gosford and Wentworth respectively), suggesting that some tracks may be inherently more stressful for greyhounds than others. Mean eye temperature before the race increased as the race meet progressed (n = 442, Effect = 0.103, s.e. = 0.002, p-value < 0.001). Behaviours that may indicate frustration in the catching pen were extremely common at two of the tracks but much less common at the third, where toys attached to bungees were used to draw greyhounds into the catching pen.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of arousal and emotional valence on performance of racing greyhounds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Starling ◽  
Anthony Spurrett ◽  
Paul McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Eye Temperature

AbstractThe racing greyhound industry in Australia has come under scrutiny in recent years due to animal welfare concerns, including so-called behavioural wastage whereby physically sound greyhounds are removed from the racing industry because of poor performance. The non-medical reasons why greyhounds perform poorly at the racetrack are not well understood, but may include insufficient reinforcement for racing, or negative affective states associated with the context of racing. This study sought evidence for the affective states of greyhounds (n=525) at race meets and associations of those states with performance. It collected demographic, behavioural and performance data, along with infrared thermographic images of greyhounds at race-meets to investigate whether arousal influenced performance. It also collected behavioural data in the catching pen at the completion of races to examine possible evidence of frustration that may reflect sub-optimal behavioural reinforcement.Linear regression models were built to determine factors affecting greyhound performance. Increasing mean eye temperature after the race and increasing greyhound age both had a statistically significant, negative effect on performance. The start box number also had a significant effect, with boxes 4, 5 and 7 having a negative effect on performance. There was a significant effect of track on mean eye temperatures before and after the race, suggesting that some tracks may be inherently more stressful for greyhounds than others. Behaviours that may indicate frustration in the catching pen were extremely common at two tracks, but much less common at the third, where play objects in motion were used to draw greyhounds into the catching pen. The study provides evidence for the use of eye temperature in predicting performance, guidance for assessment of poor performance in greyhounds and suggested approaches to the management of frustration in racing greyhounds.

scholarly journals Mass drug administration with azithromycin for trachoma elimination and the population structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Gladstone ◽  
Ebrima Bojang ◽  
John Hart ◽  
Emma M Harding-Esch ◽  
David Mabey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTBackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin for trachoma elimination reduces nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the short term. We evaluated S. pneumoniae carried in the nasopharynx before and after a round of azithromycin MDA to determine whether MDA was associated with changes in pneumococcal population structure.MethodsWe analysed 514 pneumococcal isolates cultured from nasopharyngeal samples collected in Gambian villages that received MDA for trachoma elimination. The samples were collected during three cross-sectional surveys conducted before the third round of MDA (CSS-1) and at one (CSS-2) and six (CSS-3) months after MDA. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on randomly selected isolates. Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) was used to cluster related isolates by capturing variation in the core genome. Serotype and multi-locus sequence type were inferred from the genotype. The Antimicrobial Resistance Identification by Assembly (ARIBA) tool was used to identify macrolide resistance genes.ResultsTwenty-seven BAPS clusters were assigned. These consisted of 81 sequence types (STs), 15 of which were novel additions to pubMLST. Two BAPS clusters, BAPS20 (p-value<=0.016) and BAPS22 (p-value<=0.032) showed an increase in frequency at CSS-3 not associated with antimicrobial resistance. Macrolide resistance within BASP17 increased after treatment (p<0.05) and was carried on a mobile transposable element that also conferred resistance to tetracycline.ConclusionsLimited changes in pneumococcal population structure were observed after the third round of MDA suggesting treatment had little effect on the circulating lineages. An increase in macrolide resistance within one BAPS highlights the need for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in treated villages.

scholarly journals PRENATAL YOGA TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PRIMIGRAVIDA TRIMESTER III

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Riza Amalia ◽  
Rusmini Rusmini ◽  
Diki Retno Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
Prolonged Labor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Anxiety in pregnant women often occurs in the third trimester. Anxiety results in prolonged labor, premature birth, LBW (Low Birth Weight). To prevent and reduce anxiety, prenatal yoga as an alternative therapy is given to primigravida pregnant women in the third trimester.The puropose of this study is to find out the influence of prenatal yoga toward anxiety level primigravida in the third trimester in Puskesmas I Kembaran, Banyumas District. This study used quasy experimental with pretest posttest design. The sample in this study are all of primigravida in third trimester, there are 24 pregnant woman in Puskesmas 1 Kembaran. The results showed there were differences in primigravida in third trimester anxiety levels before and after prenatal yoga with p value = 0,000 (p 0.05). There is an influence of prenatal yoga on the level of anxiety primigravida in third trimester. There is a change in the mean level of anxiety of 11,3. 

scholarly journals The effect of pregnancy exercise on the anxiety level of the third trimester of pregnant woman in the Kecamatan Sukawati

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4197
Author(s):  
Ayuk Widiani N. N. ◽  
Noviani N. W.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Background: This study aims to know the effect of pregnancy exercise on the anxiety level of the third trimester of pregnant women.Methods: This type of research is analytic with a one group pre-test post-test design without control, the number of samples is 50 pregnant women who meet the inclusion criteria by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument data collection using depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon test.Results: The result of the data shows p value of anxiety level of pregnant women before and after the implementation of pregnancy exercise is 0.000 (<0.05), it can be concluded that there is an effect of the implementation of pregnancy exercise on the anxiety level of pregnant women in the third trimester.Conclusions: From the result of research conducted, the effect of the implementation of pregnancy exercise on the anxiety level of pregnant women before and after of pregnant women in the third trimester.

scholarly journals Negative emotional contagion and cognitive bias in common ravens (Corvus corax)

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (23) ◽  
pp. 11547-11552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie E. C. Adriaense ◽  
Jordan S. Martin ◽  
Martina Schiestl ◽  
Claus Lamm ◽  
Thomas Bugnyar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Communication And Coordination

Emotional contagion is described as an emotional state matching between subjects, and has been suggested to facilitate communication and coordination in complex social groups. Empirical studies typically focus on the measurement of behavioral contagion and emotional arousal, yet, while highly important, such an approach often disregards an additional evaluation of the underlying emotional valence. Here, we studied emotional contagion in ravens by applying a judgment bias paradigm to assess emotional valence. We experimentally manipulated positive and negative affective states in demonstrator ravens, to which they responded with increased attention and interest in the positive condition, as well as increased redirected behavior and a left-eye lateralization in the negative condition. During this emotion manipulation, another raven observed the demonstrator’s behavior, and we used a bias paradigm to assess the emotional valence of the observer to determine whether emotional contagion had occurred. Observers showed a pessimism bias toward the presented ambiguous stimuli after perceiving demonstrators in a negative state, indicating emotional state matching based on the demonstrators’ behavioral cues and confirming our prediction of negative emotional contagion. We did not find any judgment bias in the positive condition. This result critically expands upon observational studies of contagious play in ravens, providing experimental evidence that emotional contagion is present not only in mammalian but also in avian species. Importantly, this finding also acts as a stepping stone toward understanding the evolution of empathy, as this essential social skill may have emerged across these taxa in response to similar socioecological challenges.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI GENGGAM BOLA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA PASIEN STROKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 922-926
Author(s):  
Nelly Nurartianti ◽  
Nuniek Tri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Stroke adalah penyakit penyebab kecacatan nomor satu di dunia dan penyebab kematian nomor tiga di dunia. Hasil laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) tahun 2013 menyatakan terjadinya peningkatan kasus stroke di Indonesia dari tahun 2007 sebanyak 8,3% sedangkan 2013 menjadi 12,1% per1000 orang. Gejala stroke adalah kelemahan otot pada lengan bagian kanan atau kiri bila tidak mendapatkan penanganan yang baik akan menimbulkan kecacatan, sehingga untuk meminimalkan kecacatan tersebut dengan melakukan terapi genggam bola secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi genggam bola terhadap peningkatan motorik halus pada pasien stroke di ruang rawat inap RSUD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon Tahun 2017. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre eksperiment. Jumlah sampel 30 responden dengan teknik Accidental sampling. Variabel independent terapi genggam bola sedangkan variabel dependent motorik halus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan 06 Februari-06 Maret 2017. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon.Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa ada perbedaan antara motorik halus sebelum dan sesudah terapi genggam bola 2 kali sehari dengan nilai 20,67 menjadi 35,13.  P value  0,000  <0,05 sehingga dalam penelitian ini ada pengaruh terapi genggam bola terhadap peningkatan motorik halus pasien stroke.Kata kunci     : Motorik Halus, Terapi Genggam Bola   ABSTRACTStroke is a leading cause of disability in the world and the third cause of death in the world.  Resultsfrom Health Research Association (RISKESDAS) in 2013 declared an increase in cases of stroke in Indonesia from 2007 to 8.3% in 2013 to 12.1% while per1000 people. Stroke symptoms is muscle weakness in the right or left arm when not get a good handling will cause disability, so as to minimize the disability by performing handheld ball therapy.This study aims to determine the effect of  handheld ball therapy  to increase  motor skills in stroke patients in hospitals GunungJati Cirebon Year 2017. This study desain usedquasy experiment. Number of samples  30 respondents with a Accidental sampling.Independent variabelhandheld ball therapy while the dependent variable is motor skills. This study was undertaken 06 February to 06 March 2017 using Wilcoxon statistical test. The analysis shows that there is a different between motor skills before and after handheld ball therapy 2 times a day with a value of 20,67 into 35,13. p value = 0,000 <0,05 so that in this study take effect handheld ball therapy to increase motor skills stroke patients.Keywords : Motor Skills, Handheld Ball Therapy

scholarly journals Third dose vaccine With BNT162b2 and its response on Long COVID after Breakthrough infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ashraful hoque ◽  
Marufur Rahman ◽  
Hossain Imam ◽  
Nurun Nahar ◽  
Forhad Uddin Hasan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Third ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background: Breakthrough events are not rare after emerging of the Delta variant. On the other hand, long COVID is an unsolved issue where sufferers suffer a lot. Some study has shown that the COVID-19 vaccine has improved some clinical and libratory parameters in long COVID. But what will be the possible measures against long COVID after the breakthrough event is still a burning question. Method: We have observed the third dose by BNT162b2 in a small group(n=20) who were diagnosed as long COVID after breakthrough infections, in Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn & Plastic Surgery Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh. CRP(C-reactive protein) and Anti S1 RBD IgG responses were measured. Result: All 20 participants in the study received both dosages of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 between February 2021 to April 2021 and had breakthrough infections in the same or following month which led to long COVID syndrome. They all received a third dose of BNT162b2. A before and after 3rd dose (14 days after) CRP from participants' serum was measured. A Wilcoxon matched paired signed-rank test revealed a significant (P-value <0.05) reduction of inflammatory marker (CRP) after receiving the 3rd vaccine dose. Pre and post 3rd dose quantitative anti-S1-RBD IgG response was measured and compared that revealed a significant boosting effect that clearly correlates with the CRP response. Conclusion: Coverage of vaccines all over the world is still not expected level to control this pandemic. WHO has not recommended the use of a third/booster dose of COVID vaccines. Though our results show some sort of hope for the long COVID in breakthrough events after getting the third dose more study is needed to conclude this issue.

scholarly journals Effects of Emotion on Pain Reports, Tolerance and Physiology

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie E Carter ◽  
Daniel W McNeil ◽  
Kevin E Vowles ◽  
John T Sorrell ◽  
Cynthia L Turk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Negative Affective States

The effects of specific emotional states on a laboratory pain task were tested by examining the behavioural, verbal and psychophysiological responses of 80 student volunteers (50% female). Participants were assigned to one of four Velten-style emotion-induction conditions (ie, anxiety, depression, elation or neutral). The sexes of experimenters were counterbalanced. Overt escape behaviour (ie, pain tolerance), pain threshold and severity ratings, verbal reports of emotion and physiological measures (ie, electrocardiogram, corrugator and trapezium electromyogram) were recorded. A pressure pain task was given before and after the emotion induction. As predicted, those who participated in the anxiety or depression condition showed reduced pain tolerance after induction of these negative emotions; pain severity ratings became most pronounced in the depression condition. Emotion induction did not have a discernable effect on pain tolerance or severity ratings in the elation condition. A pattern of participant and experimenter sex effects, as well as trials effects, was seen in the physiological data. The influence of negative affective states (ie, anxiety and depression) on acute pain are discussed along with the unique contributions of behavioural, verbal and physiological response systems in understanding the interactions of pain and emotions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pregnancy Exercise on the Depression Level of the Third Trimester of Pregnant Woman in the Kecamatan Sukawati

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Noviani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Depression Level

This study aims to know the effect of pregnancy exercise on the depression level of the third trimester of pregnant woman in the Kecamatan Sukawati. This type of research is analytic with a one group pre-test post-test design without control, the number of samples is 50 pregnant women who meet the inclusion criteria by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument data collection using depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon test. The result of the data shows p value of depression level of pregnant women before and after the implementation of pregnancy exercise is 0.102 (>0.05), it can be concluded that there is an no effect of the implementation of pregnancy exercise on the depression level of pregnant women in the third trimester. From the result of research conducted, the effect of the implementation of pregnancy exercise on the depression level of pregnant women before and after of pregnant women in the third trimester.

Trait cheerfulness sensitivity to positive and negative affective states

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484
Author(s):  
Raúl López-Benítez ◽  
Tao Coll-Martín ◽  
Hugo Carretero-Dios ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Alberto Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Students ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Induction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Negative Induction

AbstractRecent research suggests that trait cheerfulness triggers larger state cheerfulness variations after facing amusing and sad clips. The present study aimed at replicating and extending these effects. A sample of 80 psychology students (68 women) was selected depending on their scores in trait cheerfulness. Participants watched a set of positive and negative pictures, which was accompanied by statements, and were asked to report their affective states before and after watching them. The results showed that high versus low trait cheerfulness participants reported a larger increase in state cheerfulness, valence, and joy measures after the positive induction and a larger decrease in state cheerfulness after the negative induction. The results replicate and extend previous findings and support the idea that high trait cheerfulness people are more sensitive to the affective environment.

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