scholarly journals Dicrocoelium DendriticumInfection in a Patient with Crohn’s Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franzjosef Schweiger ◽  
Magdalena Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Animal Liver ◽  
Second Intermediate Host

Infection withDicrocoelium dendriticumin humans is rarely reported in the medical literature. This liver fluke, which commonly infects ruminants, has a complex life cycle with two intermediate hosts – the land snail and the ant. True human infection occurs by ingestion of the second intermediate host, but spurious infections have occurred after consumption of undercooked animal liver. The present report describes a patient with active Crohn’s disease whose stool containedD dendriticumeggs. A brief discussion of the medical literature is presented.

scholarly journals Community diversity reduces Schistosoma mansoni transmission, host pathology and human infection risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1662) ◽  
pp. 1657-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter T.J Johnson ◽  
Peder J Lund ◽  
Richard B Hartson ◽  
Timothy P Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Hosts

Global biodiversity loss and disease emergence are two of the most challenging issues confronting science and society. Recently, observed linkages between species-loss and vector-borne infections suggest that biodiversity may help reduce pathogenic infections in humans and wildlife, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its applicability to a broader range of pathogens have remained speculative. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of host community structure on transmission of the human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni , which alternates between snail intermediate hosts and vertebrate definitive hosts. By manipulating parasite exposure and community diversity, we show that heterospecific communities cause a 25–50 per cent reduction in infection among snail hosts ( Biomphalaria glabrata ). Infected snails raised alongside non-host snails ( Lymnaea or Helisoma sp.) also produced 60–80 per cent fewer cercariae, suggesting that diverse communities could reduce human infection risk. Because focal host density was held constant during experiments, decreases in transmission resulted entirely from diversity-mediated pathways. Finally, the decrease in infection in mixed-species communities led to an increase in reproductive output by hosts, representing a novel example of parasite-mediated facilitation. Our results underscore the significance of community structure on transmission of complex life-cycle pathogens, and we emphasize enhanced integration between ecological and parasitological research on the diversity–disease relationship.

scholarly journals CMV Ileitis: To Treat or Not to Treat? Implications of Initiating Biologic Therapy for Concurrent Crohn’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kendra T. Stilwell ◽  
Jason Estes ◽  
Maria T. Kurtz ◽  
James M. Francis ◽  
David T. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Current Guidelines

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis is traditionally thought to be a self-limited infection in immunocompetent individuals. Consequently, current guidelines recommend against treating nonimmunocompromised patients with antiviral therapy. Conversely, recent data suggests that spontaneous resolution occurs less frequently than previously believed; furthermore, mortality rate in immunocompetent individuals is similar to that of the immunosuppressed. We present a case of a 43-year-old male who was simultaneously diagnosed with CMV ileitis and Crohn’s Disease. When discovered concomitantly, there is no guidance in the current medical literature regarding the benefit of antiviral treatment of the CMV infection prior to initiating biologic therapy versus the risks of withholding treatment, as is currently recommended for nonimmunosuppressed individuals.

Crohn's disease of the larynx

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 596-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Gianoli ◽  
Robert H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Laryngeal Involvement

AbstractExtraintestinal involvement of Crohn's disease is becoming more readily identified. Laryngeal involvement by Crohn's disease, however, has been reported in only five cases in the medical literature. We present the sixth case as well as an analysis of the prior reports.

scholarly journals Anticipation in an Indo-Canadian Family with Crohn's Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J Freeman ◽  
Noel B Hershfield
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perianal Sepsis ◽  
Common Environmental Factor

Genetic anticipation, associated elsewhere with monogenic neurological disorders, has been hypothesized to be present in familial forms of Crohn's disease. Usually, with studies of parent-child pairs, the parent who is initially diagnosed is older at the onset of disease than the child. With each successive generation, an apparent increase in disease severity or behaviour occurs. This phenomenon is believed to have a molecular basis. In the present report, an Indo-Canadian family with Crohn's disease is described. In all members of the family, disease was diagnosed only after prolonged residence in Canada, supporting the view that Crohn's disease arises in individuals with a genetic predisposition following exposure to some, as yet unknown, common environmental factor. Three siblings with Crohn's disease, first diagnosed between ages 15 and 27 years, or six to 11 years after arrival in Canada, had phenotypically concordant disease localized in the ileum and colon, with fistulizing complications, including perianal sepsis. Crohn's disease was only diagnosed in the father at the age of 76 years, almost three decades after his arrival in Canada. His disease was localized to the ileum and had a fibrostenosing behaviour. This is the first reported instance of familial Crohn's disease in an immigrant population, illustrating potential biases in genetically based studies of Crohn's disease that rely solely on phenotypic expression.

scholarly journals Crohn's Disease Defined in Three Elderly Disters

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-252
Author(s):  
Hugh J Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Disease Clustering ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsies ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Shared Environmental Factor

Three elderly sisters presented with symptomatic Crohn's disease. All had ileocolic involvement, and granulomatous inflammation was documented in endoscopic biopsies or surgically resected intestinal specimens. The present report documents the unusual occurrence of very late phenotypical expression of familial ileocolic Crohn's disease. The observations presented here reflect a possible gene-based predisposition to Crohn's disease or, alternatively, disease clustering related to a commonly shared environmental factor.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evidence forMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisas a cause of Crohn's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. UZOIGWE ◽  
M. L. KHAITSA ◽  
P. S. GIBBS
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Models Of Disease

SUMMARYMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisis the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, and farmed deer. Recently, this bacterium has received an increasingly wide interest because of a rapidly growing body of scientific evidence which suggests that human infection with this microorganism may be causing some, and possibly all, cases of Crohn's disease. Recent studies have shown that a high percentage of people with Crohn's disease are infected withM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis; whether the association of this bacterium and Crohn's disease is causal or coincidental is not known. Crohn's disease is a gastrointestinal disease in humans with similar histopathological findings to those observed in the paucibacillary form of Johne's disease in cattle. The search for risk factors in Crohn's disease has been frustrating. However, epidemiologists have gathered enough information that points to an association betweenM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisand Crohn's disease. This paper reviews epidemiological models of disease causation, the major philosophical doctrines about causation, the established epidemiological criteria for causation, and the currently known epidemiological evidence ofM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisas a possible cause of Crohn's disease.

scholarly journals Osteonecrosis in a Patient with Crohn's Disease Unrelated to Corticosteroid Use

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khan ◽  
Gerald Illiffe ◽  
Donald S Houston ◽  
Charles N Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Vascular Thrombosis ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Direct Association

Osteonecrosis is a feared complication of corticosteroid use. However, a direct association between corticosteroid use and osteonecrosis has never been proven. The present report examines the case of a patient with longstanding Crohn's disease who had never been treated with corticosteroids and who developed osteonecrosis of the talus. The association of systemic inflammatory disorders with osteonecrosis and the possible association with vascular thrombosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Distribution of cysts holding Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa metacercariae in tissues and organs of mugilid

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Santos Gueretz ◽  
Maiara Boeing ◽  
Juliana Murasaki ◽  
Elizabeth Schwegler ◽  
Anderson Barbosa de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Predatory Birds ◽  
Muscular Tissues

Abstract Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa is an etiological agent of human phagicolosis. Mugilids are the second intermediate host, the first being Heleobia australis, and mugilids predatory birds and mammals are its definitive hosts. The occurrence of cysts holding A. longa metacercariae is described in mugilids with a prevalence of up to 100%. The wide geographical distribution of A. longa and its intermediate hosts coupled with the rise in the consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish may elevate the risk of human infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the distribution pattern of cysts holding A. longa in mugilids. The tissue and organ samples of these fish were processed in a domestic blender and examined under a stereoscopic microscope to identify the cysts holding the digenetic metacercariae. Of the 24 (100%) fish samples that were analyzed, 12 of Mugil curema and 12 of Mugil liza possessed cysts holding A. longa metacercariae. Digenetic cysts were identified to be present in the gills, heart, stomach, liver, intestines, mesentery, and muscular tissues collected from M. curema and M. liza. Conclusively, in M. curema, the cysts holding A. longa metacercariae were found to be distributed randomly throughout the fish body in almost every tissue and organ that was examined.

scholarly journals Crohn’s Disease and Cheilitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman A Al-Hussaini ◽  
Helen M Machida ◽  
J Decker Butzner
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Colonoscopic Examination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fissure Formation ◽  
Colonic Biopsies

A five-year-old boy presented to his family physician with painless swelling of both lips. One year later he developed abdominal pain, nonbloody diarrhea, weight loss and joint pains. Colonoscopic examination demonstrated patchy erythema, friability and multiple aph-thous ulcers consistent with the appearance of Crohn’s colitis, and treatment with prednisone was initiated. Colonic biopsies displayed a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, focal cryptitis and fissure formation. The patient’s lip swelling relapsed on multiple occasions when steroids were tapered, despite minimal intestinal symptoms of Crohn’s disease. The objective of the present report is to alert physicians to this unusual presentation of Crohn’s disease and that cheilitis may run a protracted course.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic versus Open Bowel Resection for Crohn's Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Tabet ◽  
Dennis Hong ◽  
Cei-Whan Kim ◽  
Jason Wong ◽  
Robert Goodacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Laparoscopic Resection ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Laparoscopic Group ◽  
Elective Resection ◽  
Disease Free Interval ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Disease Free

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic bowel resection is an alternative to open surgery for patients with Crohn's disease requiring surgical resection. The present report describes a seven-year experience with the laparoscopic treatment of Crohn's disease compared with the open technique in a tertiary Canadian centre.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 61 consecutive patients undergoing elective resection for Crohn's disease was carried out between October 1992 and June 1999. This analysis included 32 laparoscopic resections (mean age 33 years) and 29 open resections (mean age 42 years). Patient demographics were compared, as well as short and long term outcomes after surgery (mean follow-up 39 months).RESULTS: Patients in the laparoscopic group were younger and had fewer previous bowel surgeries than patients who had open resections. Indications for surgery and operative times were similar between the groups. Patients who underwent laparoscopic resections required fewer doses of narcotic analgesics. The resumption of bowel function after surgery, and tolerance of a clear liquid and solid diet was quicker in the laparoscopic group. Patients who underwent laparoscopic resections had significantly shorter hospital stays than those who underwent open resections. Fifteen patients (48.4%) in the laparoscopic group experienced recurrence of disease compared with 13 patients (44.8%) in the open group. In both groups, the most common site of recurrence was at the anastomosis. The disease-free interval was the same length for both groups (23.9±17.3 months for the laparoscopic resection patients compared with 23.9±20.2 months for the open resection patients; P=1.00).CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic resection for Crohn's disease can be performed safely and effectively. Quicker resumption of oral feeds, less postoperative pain and earlier discharge from hospital are advantages of the laparoscopic method. No differences in the recurrence rate or the disease-free interval were noted.

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