scholarly journals Resistance of soil to penetration as a parameter indicator of subsolation in crop areas of sugar cane

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Barbosa Arruda ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Mendes Brito ◽  
Jadson Belém de Moura ◽  
Manoel Henrique Reis de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Critical Resistance ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

AbstractSugarcane is a very important economic crop that relies heavily on agricultural machinery, which contributes to soil compaction and a consequent decline in productivity. Subsoiling operation reduces the problems caused by compression; however, it is necessary to know its location and intensity. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to present a compression diagnostic method based on soil resistance to penetration as the parameter that indicates need for intervention in the subsoil. Measurements of penetration resistance was carried out in areas of sugarcane, located in the municipalities of Goianésia, Barro Alto and Santa Isabel, in the Brazilian state of Goiás. The Falker penetrometer (PLG 1020) was used, adjusted to a maximum depth of 40 cm and adopted as a critical resistance value of 4.0 MPa. The data were interpolated using kriging and adjusted in AutoCAD 2013 (Autodesk). The methodology proved effective in areas of compacted soil, and the surface layer had less resistance. The reduction in soil preparation was 96.54% and when considering the topographic adjustments, the reduction was 74.07%, showing the viability and importance of the diagnosis to show the proper management.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN MODELING OF CURVE RESISTANCE TO THE PENETRATION OF A LATOSOL UNDER DIFFERENT USES AND MANAGEMENT OF PASTURES AND NATIVE WOODLAND

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lourenço Fernandes ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Ribon ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Gustavo Dias Custódio ◽  
Leonardo Rodrigues Barros
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Native Woodland ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT The soil resistance to penetration study helps in understanding the state of soil compaction, indicating how best to manage it. The present study aimed to verify the influence of time management in modeling curves of resistance to penetration in Oxisol under different uses and management of pastures and woodland in field conditions, using the stepwise procedure. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region. Five (5) systems of uses and management of pastures and native woodland were evaluated: ILPF: crop-livestock-forest integration; ILP: crop-livestock integration; P: Area in the extensive grazing system; MN: native woodland; PIQ: rotated picket. The experiments were assessed for the years 2012/13 and 2013/14. To obtain the models, an analysis with four independent variables was performed: Gravimetric moisture (X1), bulk density (X2), total porosity (X3) and organic matter (X4) and the dependent variable, soil resistance to penetration (Y). The multiple regression analysis by STEPWISE with F of 0.15 was used. The equation that best estimated the resistance to penetration was RP = 14.68 to 0.26 for Native Woodland in layers from 0.20 - 0.40 m with R2 indices of 0.97 in year 1. For year 2, the equation that estimated the resistance to penetration was obtained in the PIQ treatment, PR = - 15.94 - 0.29 PT + 15.87 DS + 0.05 MO. with R2 of 0.94.

scholarly journals Soil resistance to penetration and least limiting water range for soybean yield in a haplustox from Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Alvaro Pires da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The objective of this study was determine the resistance to penetration (PR), least limiting water range (LLWR) and critical bulk density (Db-crit) for soybean yield in a medium-textured oxisol (Haplustox). The treatments represented the soil compaction by passing a tractor over the site 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 times, with 4 replications in a randomized experimental design. Samples were collected from 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depths. Soybean (Glycine max cv. Embrapa 48) was sowed in December 2002. Plant height, number of pods, aerial dry matter, weight of 100 seeds, and the yield in 3.6 m² plots were recorded. Soybean yield started reduction at the PR of 0.85 MPa and Db of 1.48 Mg m-3. The LLWR was limited in highest part by water content at field capacity (0.01 MPa tension) and in lowest part by water content at PRcrit, achieved the Db-crit to yield at 1.48 Mg m-3.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pigeon Pea Lines for Biological Soil Decompaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Godoy ◽  
Osny Oliveira Santos Bacchi ◽  
Fernando Almeida Moreira ◽  
Klaus Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

Soil decompaction is generally achieved through mechanical cultivation practices; however biological processes can significantly add to this process through root growth, development, and later senescence. This study was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil and had the purpose of selecting, among forty one pure pigeon pea lines, the most efficient genotypes that promote soil decompaction by roots penetrating compacted soil layers. Utilizing artificially compacted 30 mm high soil blocks, in a series of experiments, these lines were compared to the cultivar Fava Larga taken as a standard. Three lines were preliminarily selected out of the initial group, and afterwards, in more detailed screenings by monitoring soil resistance to penetration and also evaluating the behavior of Tanzania grass plants seeded after pigeon pea, two of them, g5-94 and g8-95, were selected as possessing the most fit root system to penetrate compacted soil layers.

scholarly journals Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wininton M. da Silva ◽  
Aloísio Bianchini ◽  
Cesar A. da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Resistance Value

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the behavior of models for adjusting data of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density. The study was carried out in Lucas do Rio Verde, MT, Brazil in a typic dystrophic red-yellow Latosol (Oxisol) containing 0.366 kg kg−1 of clay. Soil penetration resistance measurements were conducted in the soil moistures of 0.33 kg kg−1, 0.28 kg kg−1, 0.25 kg kg−1 and 0.22 kg kg−1. Soil penetration resistance behavior due to variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density was assessed by estimating the soil resistance values by non-linear models. There was an increase of the soil penetration resistance values as soil was losing moisture. For the same edaphic condition studied, small differences in the data of soil bulk density affect differently the response of soil resistance as a function of moisture. Both soil bulk density and soil moisture are essential attributes to explain the variations in soil penetration resistance in the field. The good representation of the critical soil bulk density curve as a limiting compression indicator requires the proper choice of the restrictive soil resistance value for each crop.

scholarly journals Traffic soil compaction of an oxisol related to soybean development and yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Maria Aparecida Pessoa da Cruz Centurion ◽  
Onã da Silva Freddi ◽  
Eurico Lucas de Sousa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Excessive traffic on the soil may affect soybean development. This research was carried out to evaluate soybean root development and grain yield under compacted soil, in an Oxisol. The following traffic treatments were used: T0 = no traffic; T1* = 1 passage of a 4 t tractor; and, T1, T2, T4 and T6, respectively for 1, 2, 4 and 6 passages of an 11 t tractor on the same location, each besides the other. After compaction, soybean [Glycine max cv. MG/BR 46 (Conquista)] was cultivated. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six compaction levels and four replicates (plots of 9.0 m²). Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the layers 0.03-0.06, 0.08-0.11, 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25 m, for physical analyses. Root analyses were performed at layers of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m. Soil compaction decreased deep root development and did not affect root amount, but its distribution. Yield decreased at the penetration resistance of 2.33 MPa or higher, and soil bulk density of 1.51 Mg m-3 or higher.

Assessment of spatial variability of penetration resistance and hardpan characteristics in a cassava field

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Mohawesh ◽  
Tomoyasu Ishida ◽  
Kazunari Fukumura ◽  
Kunihiko Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Natural Density ◽  
Field Variability ◽  
Range Of Values

Soil compaction is generally defined as an increase of the natural density of soil at a particular depth. This compacted soil layer spatially varies over the field. Describing within-field variability is a fundamental first step towards determining the size of management zones. The purpose of the study was to explain the spatial variability of penetration resistance (PR) and hardpan characteristics. Soil PR, dry bulk density (BD), and water content (WC) were measured on the nodes of a mesh. Statistical and geostatistical analysis were used to analyse the spatial variability of PR at 5 depths: 0.0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, and 0.4–0.5 m, and hardpan characteristics. PR had the maximum variability among the measured properties. Hardpan lower edge depth varied from 0.297 to 0.714 m, having a mean and CV of 0.411 m and 20.43, respectively. PR was inversely related to WC. Correlation between BD and WC and PR for the same layer was relatively high. PR and hardpan characteristics showed spatial variability across the field, except PR at depth 0.1–0.2 m. Spherical isotropic models fitted all the measured properties. The range of values of the spatial structure was greater than 7.6 m. The results showed that hardpan and PR spatially varied across the field. These results are important in determining the necessary tillage technique as well as the tillage depth and the target compacted area for a suitable land management. These results also have important implications for how site-specific management information should be collected and explained.

scholarly journals Amostral Optimization of Mechanical Resistance to the Penetration of a Yellow Oxisol Under Pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Pereira Machado Dias ◽  
Ésio de Castro Paes ◽  
Flávia de Jesus Nunes ◽  
Ana Carolina Rabelo Nonato ◽  
Neilon Duarte da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The degradation of pastures can be characterized by several factors, mainly due to the management adopted, so in view of the country’s territorial extension and the peculiarity of each region and soil type, it is essential to develop research to improve the monitoring of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sample densities to establish a mesh that gives precision in maps of spatial variability of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration to pasture areas in the coastal tableland region of Northeast Brazil. In a pasture area, three sampling meshes were demarcated for georeferenced evaluation of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration: mesh 1 established in the dimensions of 50 × 50 m, mesh 2 of 100 × 100 m and mesh 3 of 150 × 150 m, totaling an area of 9 ha. The soil resistance to penetration was measured using an automated apparatus, coupled to a tractor. The variation found in the values of penetration resistance in subsurface can be related to the management adopted in the area, as well as the trampling of the animals. Data on soil penetration resistance in pasture showed that the most compacted zone was always below 30 cm depth by using different sample densities. The results allow us to conclude that the higher the density of the sampling mesh, the greater the accuracy of the data and that, independently of the sample mesh, it was possible to identify the layer of higher soil mechanical resistance to root penetration. 

scholarly journals COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO E INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO NO CRESCIMENTO DA PARTE AÉREA E PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO MILHO

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ona Da Silva Freddi ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Ricardo Garcia Aratani ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO E INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO NO CRESCIMENTO DA PARTE AÉREA E PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO MILHO  Onã da Silva Freddi; José Frederico Centurion; Ricardo Garcia Aratani; Amauri Nelson BeutlerDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináiras, Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a compactação do solo proporcionada pelo tráfego de tratores sobre o intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) e o crescimento e produtividade do milho em um Latossolo Vermelhode textura argilosa. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco intensidades de compactação e quatro repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 0,02–0,05, 0,08–0,11, 0,15–0,18 e 0,22-0,25 mpara determinação da macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo, resistência à penetração e o IHO. Os parâmetros da cultura avaliados foram à altura das plantas e inserção da primeira espiga, o diâmetro do colmo, o número de espigas por planta, a massa seca das plantas e de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. A compactação do solo restringiu todos os parâmetros da cultura avaliados com exceção apenas para o número de espigas e a massa de 1000 grãos. O IHO foi reduzido pela resistência do solo à penetração mesmo no tratamento com solo preparado com densidade média de 1,12 Mg m-3. Apenas o tratamento com quatro passadas do trator de 11 Mg apresentou densidade do solo acima da densidade crítica determinada no IHO, que foi de 1,37 Mg m-3, no qual a produtividade de milho foi significativamente menor. UNITERMOS: Zea mays, resistência do solo à penetração, densidade do solo  FREDDI, O. S.; CENTURION, J. F.; ARATANI, R. G; BEUTLER, A. N. SOIL COMPACTION AND LEAST LIMITING WATER RANGE ON CORN SHOOT GROWTH AND SEED PRODUCTIVITY  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil compaction caused by tractor wheel traffic on the limiting water range (LLWR), shoot growth and levels of compaction and four replications in a completely randomized experimental design. Soil samples with preserved structure were collected in the layers: 0.02-0.05; 0.08-0.11; 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25m to determine macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, bulk density, resistance to penetration and LLWR. The evaluated corn parameters were: plant and first spike height, steam diameter, number of spikes per plant, plant dry matter, dry matter of 1000 seeds and seed productivity. The soil compaction restricted all corn parameters except the number of spikes per plant and dry matter of 1000 seeds. The LLWR was reduced by the soil resistance to penetration, even in the tilled soil with bulk density of 1.12 Mg m-3. Only the treatment with 11 Mg tractor, repeated four times on the area, demonstrated bulk density above critical bulk density in the LLWR that was 1.37 Mg m-3, where the seed productivity was significantly smaller. KEY WORDS: Zea mays, soil resistance to penetration, bulk density

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in the lowland area cultivated with soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Salis Brasil Neto ◽  
Alexandre Russini ◽  
Lúcio de Paula Amaral ◽  
Paulo Jorge de Pinho ◽  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Resistance To Penetration ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

ABSTRACT: This study determined the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance and yield of the soybean crop in lowland areas. The soil resistance to penetration at four different depths (0 to 0.10 m; 0.11 to 0.20 m; 0.21 to 0.30 m and 0.31 to 0.40 m), volumetric humidity of the soil at two depths (0 to 0.20 m and 0.21 to 0.40 m) and soybean yield were determined in an area of 1.13 hectares, using a sample mesh of 10 x 10 m. The corresponding data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Pearson’s simple linear correlation analysis (p≤0.05) was conducted and the spatial dependence was assessed by analyzing the isotropic semivariograms using spherical, exponential, linear, and Gaussian models. The results showed that the soil penetration resistance increased with depth, with restrictive values to root growth between 0.05 and 0.35 m. There was no correlation between yield and soil penetration resistance, and the semivariograms did not show a defined ascending region regarding the soil penetration resistance data. For the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, the sample 10 x 10 m mesh was suitable for assessing the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration in depths exceeding 0.10 m.

scholarly journals Sampling plan for using a motorized penetrometer in soil compaction evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindolfo Storck ◽  
Sarha G. K. Kobata ◽  
Betania Brum ◽  
André B. Soares ◽  
Alcir J. Modolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the size of blocks of observations of resistance to penetration, obtained by a motorized digital penetrometer, and the number of blocks with semi-amplitude of the confidence interval between 5 and 20% of the mean penetration resistance, for different soil depth ranges and cone diameters. Data were collected in two contrasting plots of a crop-livestock integration experiment, located in Abelardo Luz, SC, Brazil. Ten blocks were delimited and the resistance to penetration was determined in 20 points spaced by 20 cm, using a motorized digital soil penetrometer. To estimate the mean of resistance to penetration, 12 blocks of four points per experimental plot should be used for a semi-amplitude of the confidence interval equal to 10% of the mean (1 - p = 0.95). Twenty random points may be sampled to estimate mean of penetration resistance for a semiamplitude confidence interval of 10% of the man (1 - p = 0.95). The sample size for the layer of 0-10 cm is larger than in the deeper layers (0-20, 0-30 and 0-40 cm) and smaller for cones with larger diameter.

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