scholarly journals High-Dose Glycine Treatment of Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a 5-Year Period

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Louis Cleveland ◽  
Robert L. DeLaPaz ◽  
Rashid A. Fawwaz ◽  
Roger S. Challop
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Severe Exacerbation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
H Pylori

This paper describes an individual who was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) at age 17 when education was discontinued. By age 19, he was housebound without social contacts except for parents. Adequate trials of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, two with atypical neuroleptics, were ineffective. Major exacerbations following ear infections involving Group A -hemolytic streptococcus at ages 19 and 20 led to intravenous immune globulin therapy, which was also ineffective. At age 22, another severe exacerbation followed antibiotic treatment forH. pylori.This led to a hypothesis that postulates deficient signal transduction by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Treatment with glycine, an NMDAR coagonist, over 5 years led to robust reduction of OCD/BDD signs and symptoms except for partial relapses during treatment cessation. Education and social life were resumed and evidence suggests improved cognition. Our findings motivate further study of glycine treatment of OCD and BDD.

scholarly journals Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Long Long Chen ◽  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
John Wallert ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
Volen Z. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Directional Persistence in the Rewarded Alternation Model of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder is Responsive to both Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Manipulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Kontis ◽  
V. Boulougouris ◽  
S. Papadopoulos ◽  
V.-M. Papakosta ◽  
S. Kalogerakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
High Dose ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Agonist

Rationale:In the rewarded alternation model of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) increases persistent behaviour, while chronic pretreatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI-fluoxetine) but not benzodiazepine or desipramine abolishes mCPP effects. However, we noted that acute SSRI administration also causes transient persistence increases, counteracted by mCPP pretreatment.Objectives:This studya.further explores the apparent cross-tolerance between fluoxetine and mCPP andb.extends the model by investigating its sensitivity to dopaminergic manipulations (D2,3 agonism - quinpirole).Methods:In both experiments, baseline and drug testing was carried out under daily T-maze alternation training.Exp.1:Matched group (n=8) pairs of rats received one of the following 20-day pretreatments (daily intraperitoneal administration):1.saline,2.low-dose fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg),3.low-dose mCPP (0.5mg/kg) or4.combined fluoxetine+mCPP.One group per pretreatment then received a 4-day challenge with high-dose fluoxetine (10mg/kg), the other with high-dose mCPP (2.5mg/kg).Exp.2:One group (n=12) of rats received 20-day treatment with saline, another with quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg).Results:Exp.1:Saline and low-dose mCPP- or fluoxetine-pretreated animals showed significant persistence increases under both challenges, while combined low-dose fluoxetine+mCPP pretreatment afforded full protection from either challenge.Exp.2:Quinpirole significantly increased directional persistence after 13 administration days.Conclusions:These results establish the sensitivity of the rewarded alternation OCD model to D2,3receptor activation, thereby extending its profile of pharmacological isomorphism with OCD. Furthermore, they suggest a common mechanism of action of an SSRI and a serotonin agonist in the control of directional persistence.

scholarly journals Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Long Chen ◽  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
John Wallert ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
Volen Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective: To assess executive functions in patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Adults diagnosed with BDD (n=26) or OCD (n=29) according to DSM-5, and healthy controls (n=28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests; spatial working memory (SWM), Intra- extra dimensional set shifting (IED) and Stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated to standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity were associated with more errors in these tests. Further, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group. Conclusions: Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance, however there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EF in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EF between these two disorders.

scholarly journals The prevalence of autism spectrum traits and autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
Claire Tiley ◽  
Marinos Kyriakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AimsAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) commonly co-occur in children and adolescents (C&A); evidence suggests functional impairment is increased in those diagnosed with both disorders. The aims of this systematic review were: 1) To review studies that report on the prevalence of ASD traits and/or diagnosis in C&A with OCD. 2) To review whether the severity of OCD symptoms is related to the severity of ASD traits in C&A with OCD. 3)To review whether the severity of comorbid ASD traits or diagnosis in C&A with OCD impact on their global functioning.MethodThis systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Prisma guidelines were followed . Electronic searches were carried out on Pubmed, EMBASE and Psychinfo with the use of selected keywords. Inclusion criteria : 1) Participants up to the age of 18 who had an ICD or DSM diagnosis of OCD. 2) Journal articles published in the English, with no date specifications. 3) Papers evaluating ASD diagnosis or traits, or where data on this could be extracted. Exclusion criteria: 1) Papers looking at OCD related disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder, compulsive skin picking, trichotillomania and hoarding disorder. 2) Samples including adults where C&A data could not be extracted. 3) Posters, abstracts and dissertations.ResultA total of 15 studies were included in the systematic review. Seven of these studies directly compared the prevalence of ASD traits (measured by questionnaires) or diagnosis in OCD to a control group or normative data, with all studies reporting a significant elevation in ASD trait scores and diagnosis in OCD. Ten of the studies reported on the correlation between ASD trait severity and OCD severity. Four studies identified a significant correlation between ASD and OCD total scores or specified subscales. In contrast, one study found significantly elevated OCD scores in an OCD only group when compared to a comorbid OCD and ASD group. Three studies reported on the correlation between ASD scores and functional impairment or compared an OCD only group to a comorbid group. All three studies demonstrated that the presence ASD or ASD traits are associated with elevated scores in global functional impairment.ConclusionIn conclusion, this review suggests that there is an increased prevalence of ASD traits and diagnosis amongst C&A with OCD. Elevated ASD traits within this population are associated with a greater impact on global functioning.

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER IN PATIENTS WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CORRELATES

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 966-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lucas Conceição Costa ◽  
Melissa Chagas Assunção ◽  
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão ◽  
Luciana Archetti Conrado ◽  
Christina Hajaj Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates

Role of serotonin in obsessive-compulsive disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (S35) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Baumgarten ◽  
Z. Grozdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background Serotonin may play a role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) because of the anti-obsessional effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRJs).Method The literature is reviewed on knowledge of the role of serotonergic neurons in brain function, studies on monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), various stress neuropeptides, neuroendocrine and behavioural challenge after administration of direct and indirect serotomimetic compounds, and neuroanatomical data on brain circuits organising behaviour.Results In most of the OCD cases analysed, CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations do not significantly differ from age-corrected controls. However, a relationship appears to exist between pre-treatment levels of these metabolites and clinical response to drugs acting on the serotonin transporter. Abnormalities in CSF arginine vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin and somatostatin levels have been reported in OCD. Long-term treatment with high-doses of clomipramine, fluvoxamine, and fluoxetine tend to correct these neuropeptide abnormalities.Conclusions We hypothesise that continuous treatment with SSRJs alters serotonin turnover and neuropeptide expression patterns in OCD-entertaining functional forebrain/midbrain circuits.

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