scholarly journals Toxicity Assessment of Sediments with Natural Anomalous Concentrations in Heavy Metals by the Use of Bioassay

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Martín ◽  
Marlon Escoto ◽  
Juan Fernández ◽  
Emilia Fernández ◽  
Elena Arco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Riverbed Sediments ◽  
Low Degree

The potential toxicity in riverbed sediments was assessed with a bioassay using the bioluminescent bacteriaVibrio fischeri. The selected area was characterized by the presence of ultramafic rocks (peridotites), and the sediments had high values in Ni, Cr, and Co. For the toxicity bioassay withVibrio fischeri, water-soluble forms were used. The results indicated that most of the samples had a very low degree of toxicity, with 10% of reduction in luminescence in relation to the control; meanwhile 25% of the samples had a moderate degree of toxicity with a reduction in luminescence between 13 and 21% in relation to the control. The toxicity index correlated significantly with the concentrations of Ni and Cr in the water extracts. This toxicity bioassay was proved to be a sensitive and useful tool to detect potential toxicity in solutions, even with anomalous concentrations in heavy metals of natural origin.

scholarly journals Ecological evaluation of the urban soil in Perm

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Irina L. Maslennikova ◽  
Mihail A. Shishkin ◽  
Natal’ya P. Sherstobitova ◽  
Marina V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Representations of the impact of anthropogenesis processes on the soil’s ecological state are the basis for improvement of the environmental pollution monitoring system to make correct architectural and planning decisions. Material and methods. During 2016-2018 an environmental assessment of pollution of 214 samples of urban soils was performed. The soil analysis was carried out according to a random sample as one test site per 1 km². The concentration of heavy metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of organic compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total number of heterotrophic and gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family was determined by direct seeding on selective media. Statistical data processing was carried out using software Statistica. Results. The level of chemical contamination with water-soluble forms of heavy metals of Perm soils was assessed. The concentration of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Mn in the control samples of sandy/loamy soils was 0.09/0.15; 0.08/0.22; 0.22/0.39; 5.57/16.14; 0.02/0.01; 0.06/0.13; 0.74/3.14 mg/l, respectively. The values of the total pollution index (Zc) above 16 were recorded at 4.7% of the soil samples, which corresponds to a moderate degree of pollution. It was shown that the soil type influenced Zc (KW-H (3; 214) = 30.73; p = 0.00001) and amounted to 6.24 ± 3.72 for loamy soils; for peat - 22.42 ± 12.32; for sand - 9.23 ± 5.70; for old urban soils - 8.37 ± 4.07. The median of the heterotroph bacteria content in the soils for I (Zc: 0-4) and IV (Zc ≤ 16) groups was revealed to correspond to the categories of «poor,» II (Zc: 4-8) and III (Zc: 8-16) groups - «inferior» soil. A correlation between the content of heterotrophs and the number of bacteria E. coli was not detected. According to Zc, for each soil group, no statistical differences in phthalate content were noted. Conclusion. Environmental assessment of soils should be comprehensive, as the types of anthropogenic chemical pollution, that have varying degrees of correlations between each other, affect quantitative changes in soil microbiota, which in the future may determine the ability to maintain homeostasis in this ecosystem.

scholarly journals Adsorption of heavy metals by road deposited solids

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2622-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Gunawardana ◽  
Ashantha Goonetilleke ◽  
Prasanna Egodawatta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Trivalent Cation ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
High Charge Density ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Exchangeable Form

The research study discussed in the paper investigated the adsorption/desorption behaviour of heavy metals commonly deposited on urban road surfaces, namely, Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb, for different particle size ranges of solids. The study outcomes, based on field studies and batch experiments, confirmed that road deposited solids particles contain a significantly high amount of vacant charge sites with the potential to adsorb additional heavy metals. Kinetic studies and adsorption experiments indicated that Cr is the most preferred metal element to associate with solids due to the relatively high electronegativity and high charge density of trivalent cation (Cr3+). However, the relatively low availability of Cr in the urban road environment could influence this behaviour. Comparing total adsorbed metals present in solids particles, it was found that Zn has the highest capacity for adsorption to solids. Desorption experiments confirmed that a low concentration of Cu, Cr and Pb in solids was present in water-soluble and exchangeable form, whilst a significant fraction of adsorbed Zn has a high likelihood of being released back into solution. Among heavy metals, Zn is considered to be the most commonly available metal among road surface pollutants.

A multi-pumping flow system for acute toxicity bioassay using the Vibrio fischeri bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. 7367-7373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Adame ◽  
Fábio R. P. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
Line Sample

Fast determination of acute toxicity using the V. fischeri bacteria, including in-line sample dilutions and conditioning.

scholarly journals The Role of the Humic Substances in the Fractioning of Heavy Metals in Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTEFAN M. DA FONSECA ◽  
JOSE A. BAPTISTA NETO ◽  
JOHN MCALISTER ◽  
BERNARD SMITH ◽  
MARCOS A. FERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metal Partitioning ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
The City ◽  
South Zone

One of the main results of the processes related to urbanization is the contamination of the adjacent water bodies. Inserted in this context, the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon is situated in the south zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. This ecosystem receives several inputs containing all sorts of pollutants, including heavy metals. The present work aimed to study the partitioning of heavy metals in the sediments of Rodrigo de Freitas and the influence of organic matter in this fractionation dynamic. The results of these analyses presented the contents of organic matter as an important metal-capturing agent. Fractionation of organic matter resulted in a predominance of humine. Heavy metal partitioning showed that the metals bound by the water-soluble phase have no significant concentrations. Special features such as, reducing sediment, high levels of organic matter and fine grain size have transformed this ecosystem in an effective deposit of pollutants, where heavy metals are not available in easily reactive fractions.

scholarly journals Contents, distribution, and fractionation of soil organic carbon and trace elements in soils under a green manure application

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Yana Timofeeva ◽  
Lyudmila Purtova ◽  
Alexey Emelyanov ◽  
Maxim Burdukovskii ◽  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Soluble Components

We quantified the soluble fractions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and the total and water-soluble trace elements in soils contaminated by household waste and remediated via the addition of green manure over 13 years and identified the main factors controlling the vertical distribution and accumulation of the trace elements. Green manure favoured the active formation of soil organic matter. The SOC of the examined soils was characterised by the active stabilisation by mineral soil compounds, but by a low degree of humification. The soils showed increased concentrations of Cr and Ni ions. The SOC and different soil compounds enriched by Si, Ca, and Mn ions were the important determinant for the distribution of Sr, V and Cu ions, as well as for the distribution of Pb and Cr ions bound to the water-soluble components of the soils. The low degree of SOC humification may be one of the main reasons of the high concentrations of Cu and Pb ions in the composition of the water-soluble soil compounds. The nickel ions were mainly associated with compounds enriched by the Al and Fe ions. The extremely high percentage concentration of the Ni ions in the water-soluble components of the soils may be result of the absence of the Ni ions adsorption by humic substances.

scholarly journals Comparison of organics and heavy metals acute toxicities to Vibrio fischeri

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuepeng Yang ◽  
Yan Ji ◽  
Fangfang Wang ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Xiangzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Cell Death Rate ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
The Difference

Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition has been widely used to test acute toxicities of metals and organics contaminants. However, the differences of metals and organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri have not been compared. Here, four heavy metals (Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr6+) and five organics (phenol, benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, nitro-benzene and benzene) acute toxicities to V. fischeri were investigated. Heavy metals toxicities to V. fischeri were increased along with the reaction time, while the organics toxicities kept the same level in different reaction times. In order to explain the difference, the relative cell death rate of V. fischeri was detected. In metals toxicities tests, the bioluminescence inhibition rate of V. fischeri was found to be significantly higher than the relative cell death rate (P<0.05), while for the organics toxicities tests, the cell death rate was similar to the bioluminescence inhibition rate. These results indicated that organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri could reflect the death of cell, but metals acute toxicities to V. fischeri may not lead to the death of cell, just represent the bioluminescence inhibition.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Organic And Inorganic Contaminants In Charcoal Applied for Food Processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Jelonek ◽  
Monika Fabiańska ◽  
Iwona Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Thirty-one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of twenty toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn, Ba, Cr, Mn, and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co, Ni, Sn, and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag, Bi, Ce, Se, Sr, and Zr). When it comes to the most toxic elements, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, considerable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing high or moderate degree of hazard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in the range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g of charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by 5-ring PAHs. The results indicate the high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal, and, to a lesser extent, also to users of this fuel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document