scholarly journals Ecological evaluation of the urban soil in Perm

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Irina L. Maslennikova ◽  
Mihail A. Shishkin ◽  
Natal’ya P. Sherstobitova ◽  
Marina V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Representations of the impact of anthropogenesis processes on the soil’s ecological state are the basis for improvement of the environmental pollution monitoring system to make correct architectural and planning decisions. Material and methods. During 2016-2018 an environmental assessment of pollution of 214 samples of urban soils was performed. The soil analysis was carried out according to a random sample as one test site per 1 km². The concentration of heavy metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of organic compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total number of heterotrophic and gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family was determined by direct seeding on selective media. Statistical data processing was carried out using software Statistica. Results. The level of chemical contamination with water-soluble forms of heavy metals of Perm soils was assessed. The concentration of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Mn in the control samples of sandy/loamy soils was 0.09/0.15; 0.08/0.22; 0.22/0.39; 5.57/16.14; 0.02/0.01; 0.06/0.13; 0.74/3.14 mg/l, respectively. The values of the total pollution index (Zc) above 16 were recorded at 4.7% of the soil samples, which corresponds to a moderate degree of pollution. It was shown that the soil type influenced Zc (KW-H (3; 214) = 30.73; p = 0.00001) and amounted to 6.24 ± 3.72 for loamy soils; for peat - 22.42 ± 12.32; for sand - 9.23 ± 5.70; for old urban soils - 8.37 ± 4.07. The median of the heterotroph bacteria content in the soils for I (Zc: 0-4) and IV (Zc ≤ 16) groups was revealed to correspond to the categories of «poor,» II (Zc: 4-8) and III (Zc: 8-16) groups - «inferior» soil. A correlation between the content of heterotrophs and the number of bacteria E. coli was not detected. According to Zc, for each soil group, no statistical differences in phthalate content were noted. Conclusion. Environmental assessment of soils should be comprehensive, as the types of anthropogenic chemical pollution, that have varying degrees of correlations between each other, affect quantitative changes in soil microbiota, which in the future may determine the ability to maintain homeostasis in this ecosystem.

scholarly journals Toxicity Assessment of Sediments with Natural Anomalous Concentrations in Heavy Metals by the Use of Bioassay

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Martín ◽  
Marlon Escoto ◽  
Juan Fernández ◽  
Emilia Fernández ◽  
Elena Arco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Riverbed Sediments ◽  
Low Degree

The potential toxicity in riverbed sediments was assessed with a bioassay using the bioluminescent bacteriaVibrio fischeri. The selected area was characterized by the presence of ultramafic rocks (peridotites), and the sediments had high values in Ni, Cr, and Co. For the toxicity bioassay withVibrio fischeri, water-soluble forms were used. The results indicated that most of the samples had a very low degree of toxicity, with 10% of reduction in luminescence in relation to the control; meanwhile 25% of the samples had a moderate degree of toxicity with a reduction in luminescence between 13 and 21% in relation to the control. The toxicity index correlated significantly with the concentrations of Ni and Cr in the water extracts. This toxicity bioassay was proved to be a sensitive and useful tool to detect potential toxicity in solutions, even with anomalous concentrations in heavy metals of natural origin.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Petroleum Products Contaminated Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. I. Akpokodje ◽  
H. Uguru
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Indiscriminate Disposal ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of petroleum products on the physiochemical properties, heavy metals and THC of soil samples; and their possible phytoremediation. Perforated plastic buckets were filled with 10 kg of sieved virgin topsoil. A mixture of 2 L of spent engine oil, 2 L of kerosene, 2 L of petrol and 2 L of diesel was gradually poured into each bucket and allowed to drain through the soil, once a day for five days, and there after left to stabilize for a period of 21 days. Fluted pumpkin (Telforia Occidentalis) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, Cv. Kirikou) seeds were planted in buckets and closely monitored for 14 weeks. Soil analysis of the virgin topsoil, contaminated soil and remediated soil was done using standard methods. Tests results showed that the petroleum products significantly (p ≤0.05) altered the physicochemical properties, heavy metals and THC of the soil. From the results, the soil porosity decreased from 35% to 14%; specific gravity decreased from 2.34 to 1.35; the soil pH decreased from 7.05 to 5.34; the THC increased from 0,923 mg/kg to 964.35 mg/kg; copper level increased from 4.892 mg/kg to 7.729 mg/kg; the lead content increased from <0.0001 mg/kg to 1.128 mg/kg; while the iron content increased from 1251.2 mg/kg to 1587.9 mg/kg after the contamination. After the 14 weeks phytoremediation period, Telfairia occidentalis was able to degrade the THC in the soil from 964.35 mg/kg to 82.67 mg/kg; while Abelmoschus esculentus degraded the THC in the soil from 964.35 mg/kg to 104 mg/kg. Therefore, due to the harmful effects of the petroleum products on agricultural soils, laws banning their indiscriminate disposal of should be enforced.

scholarly journals Microbiological indicators and heavy metal concentration in ecological assessment of urban soils of Saint Petersburg, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Matinian ◽  
Anastasia L. Gusareva ◽  
Kseniia A. Bakhmatova ◽  
Anastasia A. Sheshukova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Saint Petersburg

This paper aimed to characterize urbostratozems (Urbic Technosol, WRB) of Saint Petersburg located in industrial (“Electrodepo” railway station) and residential (region Polish Garden) zones. These soils were also compared with background (natural) soddy podzol soil (Umbric Albic Gleic Podzol, WRB) sampled in recreational zone (suburban park “Oranienbaum”). Soil samples were collected from soil horizons for chemical analysis and from top of soils for microbialogical analysis in June of 2012. Chemical properties (pH, total organic carbon, mobile forms of K and P) and content of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni) in soils were determined. Culturable forms of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) were studied. Assessment of the enzymatic activity of the soil was carried out by culturing of microorganisms-producers of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase on special media. Biotesting using cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds had been carried out for assessment of soil phytotoxicity. It was found that chemical properties of urban and natural soils differ greatly. Heavy metal pollution was evident in both urban soils, but maximum concentrations of heavy metals were found in the soil of the industrial zone. Phytotoxocity had been also most pronouncend in the soil of the industrial zone. The natural soil exhibited significantly higher respiration activity than urbostratozems. The greatest difference in the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities was observed between the natural soil of the recreational zone and the urbostratozem of the industrial zone. Algae had been present in the urban soils of the residential zone that was not observed in the natural podzol. The minimum number of producers of all enzymes, except for cellulase, was observed in the soddy podzol in the recreational zone. The maximum number of protease and amylase producers was found in the soil of the industrial zone. Lipolytic activity was almost the same in all samples. It was found that more sensitive biological methods are needed for environmental assessment of urban soils. The results of the article can be used by soil scientists and environmental engineers for a comprehensive environmental assessment of the condition of urban soils and for creating new urban green spaces.

scholarly journals Interspecies variation in DNA damage induced by pollution

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Sebbio ◽  
Claudio Carere ◽  
Giuseppe Nascetti ◽  
Bruno Bellisario ◽  
Pasquale Mosesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Aphanius Fasciatus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power plant in central Italy using three different aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species in order to compare their reliability as sentinel organisms for genotoxicity. The comet assay was applied to the common land snail Helix spp., the lagoon fish Aphanius fasciatus, and the green frog Rana esculenta sampled in the area potentially exposed to the impact of the power station. The tissue concentration of some expected pollutants (As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr) was analysed in parallel samples collected in the same sampling sites. The three species showed different values in the comet assay (Tail Intensity) and different accumulation profiles of heavy metals. Aphanius fasciatus showed an increasing genotoxic effect over time that paralleled the temporal increase of the heavy metals, especially arsenic, and the highest correlation between heavy metals and DNA damage. Helix spp. showed levels of damage inversely related to the distance from the source of pollution and in partial accordance with the total accumulation of trace elements. On the contrary, Rana esculenta showed a low capability to accumulate metals and had inconsistent results in the comet test. The fish appeared to be the most efficient and sensitive species in detecting chemical pollution. Overall, both the fish and the snail reflected a trend of increasing pollution in the area surrounding the power plant across time and space.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Types of Hydrocarbon Disturbance on the Resiliency of Native Desert Vegetation in a War-Affected Area: A Case Study from the State of Kuwait

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Eman Kalander ◽  
Meshal M. Abdullah ◽  
Jawad Al-Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the impact of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration and soil parameters (heavy metals, chemical properties, and water-soluble boron) on the succession process of vegetation survival in the Al-Burgan oil field in Kuwait. A total of 145 soil samples were randomly collected from the three main types of hydrocarbon contamination, including dry oil lake (DOL), wet oil lake (WOL), and tarcrete. Sampling was also extended to noncontaminated bare soils that were considered reference sites. Remote-sensing data from Sentinel-2 were also processed to assess the level of contamination in relation to soil surface cover. The results showed that TPH concentration was significantly higher in WOL and DOL (87,961.4 and 35,740.6 mg/kg, respectively) compared with that in tarcrete (24,063.3 mg/kg), leading to a significant increase in soil minerals and heavy metals, greater than 50 mg/kg for Ba, and 10 mg/kg for V, Zn, Ni, and Cr. Such high concentrations of heavy metals massively affected the native vegetation’s resiliency at these sites (<5% vegetation cover). However, vegetation cover was significantly higher (60%) at tarcrete-contaminated sites, as TPH concentration was lower, almost similar to that in uncontaminated areas, especially at subsurface soil layers. The presence of vegetation at tarcrete locations was also associated with the lower concentration of Ba, V, Zn, Ni, and Cr. The growth of native vegetation was more likely related to the low concentration of TPH contamination at the subsurface layer of the soils in tarcrete sites, making them more suitable sites for restoration and revegetation planning. We concluded that further investigations are required to provide greater insight into the native plants’ phytoextraction potential and phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Assessment of anthropogenic contamination in an urban territory by the example of Blagoveshchensk city

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
V. I. Radomskaya ◽  
N. A. Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Mobile Forms

The distribution of heavy metals (HM) was analyzed in soils of Blagoveshchensk. The main physicochemical features (pH, the content of organic substance, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the exchangeable cations of calcium and magnesium, as well as the total content of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Mn, Cd, Zn) were studied in soil samples. The anthropogenic influence on the urban environment transforms the physicochemical properties of soils: alkalizes the soil cover, increases the organic matter content, exchangeable bases, and mobile forms of biogenic elements. The total content of studied HM in the soils of Blagoveshchensk exceeds their concentrations in soils of the Mukhinka background territory and shows the spatial heterogeneity of pollutants distribution in the upper soil layer. As proceeds from the comparison of the studied elements concentrations with their MPC/APC, the most polluted territories are confined to industrial zones. Four elements, i.e., Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn, are accumulated in urban soils. However, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr accumulation is not so important. The calculation results of total contamination index in the upper soil cover layer in Blagoveshchensk taking into account the HM toxicity coefficient prove that Blagoveshchensk soils are mainly classified as moderately hazardous and nonhazardous. The evidence on the total content of HM do not allow making conclusion about their geochemical behavior in soils and about possible transition to neighbor environment. That is why the most mobile and easily mobilized forms of heavy metals, i.e., water-soluble and specifically adsorbed forms, were extracted using the method of successive extractions. The mobility of metals was established to be higher in the urban soils as compared to the background soils. Among the studied elements, Cd, Pb and Zn proved to be the most hazardous, with their mobility being close to the average risk of being included in the nutrition chains. This may lead to the contamination of Amur cross-boundary river ecosystems with heavy metals in case the groundwater level rises in the Blagoveshchensk territory due to its waterlogging by the Zeya River water.

scholarly journals HYPERACCUMULATOR PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
B. K. Yelikbayev ◽  
◽  
Marcela C. Pagano ◽  
G. A. Jamalova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Hyperaccumulator Plants ◽  
Potentially Toxic Trace Elements

Environmental pollution, including pollution of urban soils by heavy metals causes serious environmental concern around the world. Heavy metals accumulate relatively quickly in soil but their removal rate is very slow. Hyperaccumulator plants help cleanse the environment from heavy metals. Phytoremediation is cleansing of soils contaminated with heavy metals, using plants that accumulate significant amounts of metals. An important environmental problem in large industrial cities is pollution by toxic compounds, including heavy metals. Due to the potential toxicity and high resistance of metals, soils contaminated with these elements are an environmental problem that requires effective and affordable solution. In soils heavy metals are in varying degrees of accessibility to plants. Water-soluble forms of heavy metals, as a rule, are presented in the form of various salts and organic complex compounds. Phytoremediation of urban soils from heavy metals is an important environmental challenge. Among the wild species, a special group of heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants is highlighted. Some of the land plants that can accumulate abnormally high levels of potentially toxic trace elements are known as “hyperaccumulators” and their number includes about 500 taxa. Phytoremediation is much more environmentally friendly and cheaper than other techniques, so recently it has received widespread use in various countries.

Genetic Variation: Impact on Folate (and Choline) Bioefficacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (45) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson A. West ◽  
Marie A. Caudill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Folate and choline are water-soluble micronutrients that serve as methyl donors in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Inadequacy of these nutrients can disturb one-carbon metabolism as evidenced by alterations in circulating folate and/or plasma homocysteine. Among common genetic variants that reside in genes regulating folate absorptive and metabolic processes, homozygosity for the MTHFR 677C > T variant has consistently been shown to have robust effects on status markers. This paper will review the impact of genetic variants in folate-metabolizing genes on folate and choline bioefficacy. Nutrient-gene and gene-gene interactions will be considered along with the need to account for these genetic variants when updating dietary folate and choline recommendations.

The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

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