scholarly journals Controversies in the Management of Endometrial Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Masciullo ◽  
G. Amadio ◽  
D. Lo Russo ◽  
I. Raimondo ◽  
A. Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Sixth Decade ◽  
Common Malignancy ◽  
Female Genital

Endometrial cancer (EC) remains the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. The median age at diagnosis is the sixth decade, with abnormal uterine bleeding at the presentation in 90% of the patients. Surgical treatment, including complete hysterectomy, removal of remaining adnexal structures, and an appropriate surgical staging, represents the milestone of curative therapy for patients with EC. Adjuvant therapy is necessary in patients at high risk of recurrence. Conservative treatment approaches should be used in selected cases for women with a desire of fertility preservation. This review summarizes the management of EC and discusses current controversies regarding the role of lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk tumors confined to the uterus.

Evidence for cGAS-STING signaling in the female genital tract resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis infection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Maegan French ◽  
Yujie Zhao ◽  
Lingli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis can ascend to the upper genital tract due to its resistance to innate immunity in the lower genital tract. C. trachomatis can activate cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cultured cells via either cGAS or STING. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in innate immunity against C. trachomatis in the mouse genital tract. Following intravaginal inoculation, C. trachomatis significantly declined by day 5 following a peak infection on day 3 while the mouse-adapted C. muridarum continued to rise for >1 week, indicating that C. trachomatis is susceptible to the innate immunity in the female mouse genital tract. This conclusion was supported by the observation of a similar shedding course in mice deficient in adaptive immunity. Thus, C. trachomatis can be used to evaluate innate immunity in the female genital tract. It was found that mice deficient in either cGAS or STING significantly increased the yields of live C. trachomatis on day 5, indicating an essential role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in innate immunity of the mouse genital tract. Comparison of live C. trachomatis recovered from different genital tissues revealed that the cGAS-STING-dependent immunity against C. trachomatis was restricted to the mouse lower genital tract regardless of whether C. trachomatis was inoculated intravaginally or transcervically. Thus, we have demonstrated an essential role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in innate immunity against chlamydial infection, laying a foundation for further illuminating the mechanisms of the innate immunity in the female lower genital tract.

scholarly journals Controversies in the Management of Endometrial Carcinoma: An Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Mehasseb ◽  
John A. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Female Genital

Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest type of female genital tract malignancy in the developed countries. Endometrial carcinoma is usually confined to the uterus at the time of diagnosis and as such usually carries an excellent prognosis with high curability. Our understanding and management of endometrial cancer have continuously developed. Current controversies focus on screening and early detection, the extent of nodal surgery, and the changing roles of radiation therapy and chemotherapy and will be discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals A Pyrosequencing Assay for the Quantitative Methylation Analysis ofGALR1in Endometrial Samples: Preliminary Results

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Kottaridi ◽  
Nikolaos Koureas ◽  
Niki Margari ◽  
Emmanouil Terzakis ◽  
Evripidis Bilirakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Pyrosequencing Assay ◽  
Aberrant Dna Methylation ◽  
Common Malignancy ◽  
Female Genital

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract while aberrant DNA methylation seems to play a critical role in endometrial carcinogenesis. Galanin’s expression has been involved in many cancers. We developed a new pyrosequencing assay that quantifies DNA methylation of galanin’s receptor-1 (GALR1). In this study, the preliminary results indicate that pyrosequencing methylation analysis ofGALR1promoter can be a useful ancillary marker to cytology as the histological status can successfully predict. This marker has the potential to lead towards better management of women with endometrial lesions and eventually reduce unnecessary interventions. In addition it can provide early warning for women with negative cytological result.

scholarly journals High Expression of Ecto-Nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in Human Endometrial Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Aliagas ◽  
August Vidal ◽  
Laura Texidó ◽  
Jordi Ponce ◽  
Enric Condom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Serous Tumors ◽  
Female Genital

One of the strategies used by tumors to evade immunosurveillance is the accumulation of extracellular adenosine, which has immunosupressive and tumor promoting effects. The study of the mechanisms leading to adenosine formation at the tumor interstitium are therefore of great interest in oncology. The dominant pathway generating extracellular adenosine in tumors is the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases. Two of these enzymes acting sequentially, CD39 and CD73, efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine. They have been found to play a crucial role in a variety of tumors, but there were no data concerning endometrial cancer, the most frequent of the invasive tumors of the female genital tract. The aim of the present work is to study the expression of CD39 and CD73 in human endometrial cancer. We have analyzed protein and gene expression, as well as enzyme activity, in type I endometrioid adenocarcinomas and type II serous adenocarcinomas and their nonpathological endometrial counterparts. High levels of both enzymes were found in tumor samples, with significantly increased expression of CD39 in type II serous tumors, which also coincided with the higher tumor grade. Our results reinforce the involvement of the adenosinergic system in cancer, emphasizing the relevance of ecto-nucleotidases as emerging therapeutic targets in oncology.

scholarly journals Investigating the role of immunotherapy in advanced/recurrent female genital tract melanoma: a preliminary experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Indini ◽  
Lorenza Di Guardo ◽  
Carolina Cimminiello ◽  
Domenica Lorusso ◽  
Francesco Raspagliesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Vaginal bleeding during menopause hormone therapy. Is it always endometrial cancer? How to choose the appropriate tactics for examination and management of patients?

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Anna E. Protasova ◽  
Irina A. Solntseva ◽  
Ekaterina N. Vandeeva
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Modern Analysis ◽  
Menopause Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding

The article provides an overview of the possible causes of bleeding from the genital tract in peri- and postmenopausal women. The correct approach to patients with abnormal uterine bleeding during menopausal hormone therapy is described. A modern analysis of data on the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding against the background of menopausal hormone therapy was carried out. The modern possibilities of endometrial diagnostics and treatment are shown.

The Fate of Spermatozoa in Female Dogfish (Scylliorhynus Canicula)

1944 ◽  
Vol s2-84 (336) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
H. METTEN
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Epithelium ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Female Genital

1. References are given to the literature concerning the fate, in various vertebrates, of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. 2. In the dogfish, penetration of the oviducal wall by spermatozoa does occur. It is confined to the ‘uterus’ and about five millimetres of the oviduct anterior to it. The latter suffers a denser invasion than the ‘uterus’. No spermatozoa invade the cloacal epithelium. 3. Epithelial vacuoles are found in the ‘uterus’, where they may or may not contain spermatozoa, and in the cloaca, where they do not. Any of the vacuoles may contain red and white blood corpuscles. 4. Vacuoles containing blood corpuscles account for a continuous ‘uterine’ bleeding on a small scale. 5. Desquamation of the ‘uterine’ epithelium is slow and continuous, that of the cloacal epithelium intermittent and heavy Desquamation is not related to the time of copulation. 6. Digestion of spermatozoa and blood corpuscles within the vacuoles may be very incomplete. 7. The spermatozoa which enter the columnar epithelium near the ‘uterus’, frequently pass right through and into the superficial connective tissue. No vacuoles are produced in the columnar epithelium. Presumably all such spermatozoa are phagocytosed. 8. No fusion occurs between the heads of the spermatozoa and the nuclei of any of the cells of the oviducal wall, as described by Kohlbrugge. 9. The proportion of spermatozoa destroyed in the lower oviduct is not sufficient to prevent them ascending the upper oviduct in large numbers. 10. A theory is advanced to account for the facts concerning the destruction of spermatozoa in the oviduct.

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