scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Variation in Lipoprotein (a) Levels among Asian Indian and Chinese Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanjan Banerjee ◽  
Eric C. Wong ◽  
Jessica Shin ◽  
Stephen P. Fortmann ◽  
Latha Palaniappan
Keyword(s):  
Asian Indian ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). There are known racial/ethnic differences in Lp(a) levels, and the association of Lp(a) with CVD outcomes has not been examined in Asian Americans in the USA.Objective. We hypothesized that Lp(a) levels would differ in Asian Indians and Chinese Americans when compared to NHW and that the relationship between Lp(a) and CVD outcomes would be different in these Asian racial/ethnic subgroups when compared to NHW.Methods. We studied the outpatient electronic health records of 2022 NHW, 295 Asian Indians, and 151 Chinese adults age≥18 y in Northern California in whom Lp(a) levels were assessed during routine clinical care from 2001 to 2008, excluding those who had received prescriptions for niacin (14.6%). Nonparametric methods were used to compare median Lp(a) levels. Significance was assessed at theP<.0001level to account for multiple comparisons. CVD outcomes were defined as ischemic heart disease (IHD) (265 events), stroke (122), or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (87). We used logistic regression to determine the relationship between Lp(a) and CVD outcomes.Results. Both Asian Indians (36 nmol/L) and NHW (29 nmol/L) had higher median Lp(a) levels than Chinese (22 nmol/L,P≤.0001andP=.0032). When stratified by sex, the differences in median Lp(a) between these groups persisted in the 1761 men (AI v CH:P=.001, NHW v CH:P=.0018) but were not statistically significant in the 1130 women (AI v CH:P=.0402, NHW v CH:P=.0761). Asian Indians (OR=2.0) and Chinese (OR=4.8) exhibited a trend towards greater risk of IHD with high Lp(a) levels than NHW (OR=1.4), but no relationship was statistically significant.Conclusion. Asian Indian and NHW men have higher Lp(a) values than Chinese men, with a trend toward, similar associations in women. High Lp(a) may be more strongly associated with IHD in Asian Indians and Chinese, although we did not have a sufficient number of outcomes to confirm this. Further studies should strive to elucidate the relationship between Lp(a) levels, CVD, and race/ethnicity among Asian subgroups in the USA.

scholarly journals Disaggregating Asian Race Reveals COVID-19 Disparities among Asian Americans at New York City’s Public Hospital System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopa Kalyanaraman Marcello ◽  
Johanna Dolle ◽  
Areeba Tariq ◽  
Sharanjit Kaur ◽  
Linda Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
Public Hospital System ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractThere is growing recognition of the burden of COVID-19 among Asian Americans, but data on outcomes among Asian ethnic subgroups remain extremely limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 85,328 patients tested for COVID-19 at New York City’s public hospital system between March 1 and May 31, 2020, to describe characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes of Asian ethnic subgroups compared to Asians overall and other racial/ethnic groups. South Asians had the highest rates of positivity and hospitalization among Asians, second only to Hispanics for positivity and Blacks for hospitalization. Chinese patients had the highest mortality rate of all groups and were nearly 1.5 times more likely to die than Whites. The high burden of COVID-19 among South Asian and Chinese Americans underscores the urgent needs for improved data collection and reporting as well as public health program and policy efforts to mitigate the disparate impact of COVID-19 among these communities.

Abstract P035: Predictors of Diabetes Screening in an Ambulatory Clinical Population

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukyung Chung ◽  
Eric C Wong ◽  
Kristen M Azar ◽  
Beinan Zhao ◽  
Diane Lauderdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Diabetes Screening ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction Early screening for diabetes is the most cost effective way to prevent complications. Diabetes screening rates in a clinical population are unknown. There are well-known racial/ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence, with some Asian Americans racial/ethnic subgroups (e.g. Asian Indian and Filipino) having higher rates than Non Hispanic White (NHW) populations, and this may result in higher rates of diabetes screening for Asian Americans. Hypothesis We hypothesized that, after taking into account other risks factors suggested by national guidelines, Asian Americans may have higher preventive screening rates, given known higher risk for diabetes. Methods We used the electronic health records data from a large multi-specialty, mixed-payer, outpatient, group- practice organization in Northern California, to examine an observational prospective dataset during 1/1/2007-09/30/2010. Active primary care patients who were 35 years or older, not pregnant, identified as Asian (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) or non-Hispanic white (NHW), and were free from diabetes at baseline were included (N=110,477). Screening was defined as fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or HgBA1C. Racial/ethnic differences in screening rates were initially examined with age-sex standardization. We then estimated a Cox proportional hazard model, which adjusted for diabetes clinical risk factors (including age, sex, BMI, high blood pressure, high LDL, low HDL), family history of diabetes, insurance coverage, and frequency of primary care visits. Results Standardized preventive screening rates were higher for all Asian racial/ethnic subgroups (ranging from 82.2%: Japanese to 88.7%: Filipino) than NHW (78.6%)( P<0.05 ). The results were consistent in the fully adjusted Cox model where all the Asian racial/ethnic subgroups, except for Japanese (not significant), were more likely to be screened than NHWs (HR=Asian Indian: 1.29, Chinese: 1.20, Filipino: 1.22, Korean: 1.13, Vietnamese: 1.24; all P<0.01 ). Most clinical risk factors were significant positive predictors of screening, including age, female, high blood pressure, high LDL, low HDL, and family history of diabetes(all P<0.01 ). Conclusions Screening rates for diabetes in an insured, ambulatory care population is generally high (∼80%). Clinical risk factors and Asian race/ethnicity are predictors of appropriate diabetes screening.

Abstract 17339: Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups Are Under-Represented and Under-Reported in Guideline-Informing Heart Failure Clinical Trials

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gamino ◽  
Justin T Parizo ◽  
David Scheinker ◽  
Fatima Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Asian Race ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Racial/ethnic diversity in clinical trials is essential to ensure that our evidence base reflects the population. We assessed the extent of reporting and representation of race/ethnicity in heart failure (HF) clinical trials referenced in the contemporary ACC/AHA HF guidelines. Methods: All randomized trials referenced in the 2013 ACC/AHA Heart Failure Guidelines and the 2017 Focused Update were included. The prevalence of reporting of race/ethnicity, the proportions of racial/ethnic subgroups enrolled, and subgroup analysis based on intervention type - pharmacologic, device, and other - were evaluated. Results: We identified 256 trials (545 233 subjects) published between 1950 and 2018. Among these, only 95 reported any race/ethnicity (37.1%), 94 reported white race (36.7%), 58 reported black race (22.7%), 16 reported Hispanic ethnicity (6.3%), and 23 reported Asian race (9.0%). In trials reporting white, black, Hispanic, and Asian race/ethnicity respectively, 76.4% (n = 299 153 of 299872) of patients were white, 11.7% (n = 25 274 of 215 905) of patients were black, 11.2% (n = of 8863 of 79 097) of patients were Hispanic, and 10.5% (n = 14925 of 141 504) of patients were Asian. Comparison of trial population proportions with US Census population demonstrates over-representation of white subjects, and under-representation of Hispanic and black subjects (Figure). Stratification by intervention type demonstrated that no device trials referenced in the guidelines report black or Asian race, and just one reported Hispanic race. Conclusions: Trials that dictate clinical care of patients with HF through informing contemporary ACC/AHA HF guidelines under-represent black and Hispanic populations. Additionally, 2/3rds of trials fail to report any race/ ethnicity at all. There is a need for guideline and practice-informing clinical trials to adequately represent all populations, and to provide clinicians the data they need to assess generalizability.

A-9 Representing the Underrepresented: An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in TBI-Related Outcomes in U.S. Veterans Enrolled in the Million Veteran Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1031
Author(s):  
McKenna S Sakamoto ◽  
Catherine Chanfreau-Coffinier ◽  
Lisa Delano-Wood ◽  
V A Million Veteran Program ◽  
Victoria C Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Injury Characteristics ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research in Veterans is based primarily on non-Hispanic White samples, which does not reflect the diversity of the current military population. We examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and clinical outcomes in a large sample of Iraq/Afghanistan-era Veterans within the Million Veteran Program. Method Primary outcomes included injury characteristics, neurobehavioral-related symptoms, and employment status gleaned from the Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) for 7006 Veterans with a clinician-confirmed history of TBI. Logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, and education examined the effect of race/ethnicity on CTBIE outcomes. Results Racial/ethnic groups included non-Hispanic White (n = 4203), Hispanic (¬n = 1302), non-Hispanic Black (n = 951), Asian (¬n = 205), Multiracial (¬n = 157), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (−n = 91), and American Indian/Alaska Native (¬n = 79). Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with 5/10 CTBIE variables after applying Bonferroni-correction: blast exposure, loss of consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), affective neurobehavioral symptoms, and unemployment (p’s &lt; 0.0001). Relative to non-Hispanic Whites, Veterans self-identifying as Asian, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic were less likely to experience certain injury-related characteristics (e.g., blast exposure, PTA). Additionally, Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander groups were less likely to endorse severe affective symptoms compared to White Veterans, whereas Black Veterans were more likely to endorse severe affective symptoms. Conclusions Results highlight that certain TBI outcomes—particularly those related to injury characteristics and affective symptoms—vary by race/ethnicity. An enhanced understanding of how outcomes are modified by race/ethnicity is vital so that clinical care can be appropriately tailored to the unique needs of racially and ethnically diverse Veterans. Future studies should further elucidate the relationship between race/ethnicity and TBI outcomes.

Health information Websites: characteristics of US users by race and ethnicity

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Miller ◽  
D M West ◽  
M Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Website Use

We conducted a national public opinion survey of adults aged 18 years or older in the continental US to determine their use of health Websites. Of the 928 individuals contacted, 868 (94%) reported their race/ethnicity. More non-Hispanic Whites reported using the Internet (34%) than African Americans (31%) and Hispanics (20%). We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios describing the relationship between Website usage and covariates across the racial/ethnic subgroups. Whereas better perceived health was associated with greater Website use among Hispanics and Whites, stronger health literacy was associated with greater use among Hispanics. No African American or Hispanic respondent aged 65 years or older reported going online. The relationship between education and use was more than twice as strong for African Americans and Hispanics than other groups. That some minority groups are less likely to use the World Wide Web for health information may further compound existing disparities. One place where this problem may be addressed is in the nation's schools.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Prophets and Profits of Racial Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruha Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Racial Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

In this response to Terence Keel and John Hartigan’s debate over the social construction of race, I aim to push the discussion beyond the terrain of epistemology and ideology to examine the contested value of racial science in a broader political economy. I build upon Keel’s concern that even science motivated by progressive aims may reproduce racist thinking and Hartigan’s proposition that a critique of racial science cannot rest on the beliefs and intentions of scientists. In examining the value of racial-ethnic classifications in pharmacogenomics and precision medicine, I propose that analysts should attend to the relationship between prophets of racial science (those who produce forecasts about inherent group differences) and profits of racial science (the material-semiotic benefits of such forecasts). Throughout, I draw upon the idiom of speculation—as a narrative, predictive, and financial practice—to explain how the fiction of race is made factual, again and again. 

scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Race or Ethnicity and Changes in Multimorbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 342-342
Author(s):  
Jason Newsom ◽  
Emily Denning ◽  
Ana Quinones ◽  
Miriam Elman ◽  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) and their rate of accumulation over time have been established. Studies report differences in physical activity across racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether racial/ethnic differences in accumulation of multimorbidity over a 10-year period (2004-2014) were mediated by physical activity using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 10,724, mean age = 63.5 years). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate a latent growth curve model of changes in the number of self-reported chronic conditions (of nine) and investigate whether the relationship of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) to change in the number of chronic conditions was mediated by physical activity after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, personal wealth, and insurance coverage. Results indicated that Blacks engaged in significantly lower levels of physical activity than Whites (b = -.171, □ = -.153, p &lt; .001), but there were no differences between Hispanics and Whites (b = -.010, □ = -.008, ns). Physical activity also significantly predicted both lower initial levels of multimorbidity (b = -1.437, □ = -.420, p &lt; .001) and greater decline in multimorbidity (b = -.039, □ = -.075, p &lt; .001). The indirect (mediational) effect for the Black vs. White comparison was significant (b = .007, □ = .011, 95% CI [.004,.010]). These results provide important new information for understanding how modifiable lifestyle factors may help explain disparities in multimorbidity in middle and later life, suggesting greater need to reduce sedentary behavior and increase activity.

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