Maternal Behaviors during Pregnancy Impact Offspring Obesity Risk

This study investigated the effects of maternal changes during pregnancy in diet, exercise, and psychosocial factors on offspring weight parameters at birth and 6 months. In overweight/obese (OW/OB;n=132) mothers, greater % kcal from sweets early in pregnancy was the strongest, independent predictor of higher weight for age (WFA) (beta=0.19;P=0.004), higher odds of macrosomia (OR = 1.1 (1.0–1.2);P=0.004) andWFA>90th percentile at birth (OR = 1.2 (1.1–1.3);P=0.002) and higher WFA at 6 months (beta=0.30;P=0.002). In normal weight (n=153) mothers, higher intake of soft drinks was the strongest predictor of higher offspring WFA at birth (beta = 0.16;P=0.04) but not at 6 months. Prenatal physical activity, depressive symptoms, and sleep-related variables did not significantly predict offspring weight outcomes. Mothers’ eating behaviors during pregnancy, especially intake of sweets in OW/OB mothers, may have a lasting effect on child weight.

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Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Their Association with Breastfeeding and Child Weight Outcomes

Children ◽

10.3390/children8030233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

María Pineros-Leano ◽

Jaclyn A. Saltzman ◽

Janet M. Liechty ◽

Salma Musaad ◽

Liliana Aguayo

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Body Mass ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Developmental Problems ◽

Child Weight ◽

Child Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Outcomes

Children of mothers with depressive symptoms are at a higher risk for psychosocial, behavioral, and developmental problems. However, the effects of maternal depression on children’s physical growth are not well understood. To address the gaps in the literature, this study examined the association between maternal depressive symptoms, breastfeeding behaviors, and child weight outcomes. Data from 204 mother–child dyads who participated in the STRONG Kids 1 Study were used. Mothers and children were assessed twice when the children were 3 and 4 years old. Height and weight measurements of children and mothers were collected by trained researchers during both assessments. Multiple linear regression and analysis of covariance tests were used to examine the associations between maternal depressive symptoms, breastfeeding, and age and sex-adjusted child body mass index percentile. Recurrent maternal depressive symptoms when the child was 3 and 4 years old were not associated with child body mass index percentiles (BMI-P) at age 4. Mothers who breastfed for at least 6 months had significantly lower depressive symptoms when their children were 3 years of age, but the differences did not persist at age 4. In this community sample, maternal depressive symptoms were not associated with child BMI-P, regardless of breastfeeding duration.

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Prospective Changes in Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Resting Energy Expenditure during Pregnancy

Californian Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.32398/cjhp.v13i3.1836 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Todd Hagobian ◽

Alyssa D’Amico ◽

Camille Vranna ◽

Anna Brannen ◽

Suzanne Phelan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Future Health ◽

In Pregnancy ◽

Resting Energy

Background and Purpose: Prenatal changes in energy intake (EI), physical activity (PA), and resting energy expenditure (REE) are important determinants of future health and obesity outcomes. This study examined changes in EI, PA and REE in 16 adult, pregnant women (75% Normal-weight, 15% overweight/obese) early in pregnancy (

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Caregiver feeding practices and child weight outcomes: a systematic review

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 990S-1002S ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Maureen K Spill ◽

Emily H Callahan ◽

Myra J Shapiro ◽

Joanne M Spahn ◽

Yat Ping Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Moderate Evidence ◽

Child Weight ◽

Weight Outcomes

ABSTRACT Background As part of the USDA–Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, we conducted systematic reviews (SRs) on topics important for health and nutrition of young children. Objectives The purpose of the present SR was to examine the relation between caregiver feeding practices in children from birth to 24 mo and child weight gain, size, and body composition. Methods A search of articles published from January 1980 to January 2017 in 4 databases identified 8739 references. Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) analysts used the Nutrition Evidence Library Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess potential bias in the studies, and a Technical Expert Collaborative graded the body of evidence using the NESR grading rubric. Results Twenty-seven articles were included in this review (8 controlled trials, 19 longitudinal cohort studies). Moderate evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that providing responsive feeding guidance to teach mothers to recognize and respond appropriately to children's hunger and satiety cues can lead to “normal” weight gain and/or “normal” weight status in children aged ≤2 y compared with children whose mothers did not receive responsive feeding guidance. Moderate evidence from longitudinal cohort studies indicates an association between maternal feeding practices and the child's weight status and/or weight gain, but the direction of effect has not been adequately studied. Restrictive feeding practices are associated with increased weight gain and higher weight status, and pressuring feeding practices are associated with decreased weight gain and lower weight status. Evidence suggests that a mother's feeding practices are related to concerns about her child's body weight. Conclusions This review highlights the importance of the interaction between caregivers and infants and toddlers related to child feeding practices on children's weight outcomes. Research is needed on more diverse populations with consistent methodological app-roaches and objective measures.

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Is physical activity in pregnancy associated with prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms?: Results from MAASTHI cohort study in South India

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 110390

Author(s):

Yamuna Ana ◽

Melissa Glenda Lewis ◽

Onno C.P. van Schayck ◽

Giridhara R. Babu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

South India ◽

Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽

In Pregnancy

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Weight Stigma as a Predictor of Distress and Maladaptive Eating Behaviors During COVID-19: Longitudinal Findings From the EAT Study

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/abm/kaaa077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 738-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rebecca M Puhl ◽

Leah M Lessard ◽

Nicole Larson ◽

Marla E Eisenberg ◽

Dianne Neumark-Stzainer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Population Based ◽

Weight Stigma ◽

Longitudinal Associations ◽

Maladaptive Eating

Abstract Background Weight stigma is common for people with obesity and harmful to health. Links between obesity and complications from COVID−19 have been identified, but it is unknown whether weight stigma poses adverse health implications during this pandemic. Purpose We examined longitudinal associations between prepandemic experiences of weight stigma and eating behaviors, psychological distress, and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in a diverse sample of emerging adults. Methods Participants (N = 584, 64% female, mean age = 24.6 ± 2.0 years, mean body mass index [BMI] = 28.2) in the COVID-19 Eating and Activity over Time (C-EAT) study were cohort members of the population-based longitudinal study EAT 2010–2018. Weight stigma reported by participants in 2018 was examined as a predictor of binge eating, eating to cope, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and stress during COVID-19. Data were collected via online surveys during the U.S. outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. Results Prepandemic experiences of weight stigma predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms (β = 0.15, p < .001), stress (β = 0.15, p = .001), eating as a coping strategy (β = 0.16, p < .001), and an increased likelihood of binge eating (odds ratio = 2.88, p < .001) among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic but were unrelated to physical activity. Although associations remained after accounting for demographic characteristics and BMI, the magnitude of longitudinal associations was attenuated after adjusting for prior levels of the outcome variables. Conclusions Young adults who have experienced weight stigma may have increased vulnerability to distress and maladaptive eating during this pandemic. Public health messaging could be improved to support people of diverse body sizes and reduce the harmful consequences of weight stigma.

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