scholarly journals Health Behaviour and Health Assessment: Evidence from German Microdata

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brit S. Schneider ◽  
Udo Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Heavy Body ◽  
Reporting Heterogeneity ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Gender Specific

The importance of the individual’s health behaviour for the health production process is beyond controversy. Health relevant behaviour can be viewed as a key variable in the health production process. Changes in the behaviour may influence individual’s assessment of health. Following this idea, we use German microdata to identify determinants of smoking, drinking, and obesity and their impact on health. Our empirical approach allows for the simultaneity of behaviours and self-reported health. In addition, we account for endogeneity of health behaviours and take aspects of reporting heterogeneity of self-reported health into account. We find that health behaviour is directly related to the socioeconomic status and observe gender-specific differences in the determinants of drinking, smoking, and heavy body weight in particular. The influence on health is also gender specific. While we do not find any impact of smoking, overweight is relevant only for males and no clear pattern for alcohol exists.

Gender-specific differences in the expression of selenoproteins in mammals

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Riese ◽  
F Streckfuss ◽  
U Schweizer ◽  
J Köhrle ◽  
L Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender-specific differences in the pattern of gene expression during post-MI remodeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bauer ◽  
G Mitterer ◽  
W Dietl ◽  
K Trescher ◽  
E Wolner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Bugs That Can Resist Antibiotics but Not Men: Gender-Specific Differences in Notified Infections and Colonisations in Germany, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Michael Brandl ◽  
Alexandra Hoffmann ◽  
Niklas Willrich ◽  
Annicka Reuss ◽  
Felix Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Federal State ◽  
German Population ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
Gender Specific

Data from surveillance networks show that men have a higher incidence rate of infections with anti-microbial-resistant (AMR) pathogens than women. We systematically analysed data of infections and colonisations with AMR pathogens under mandatory surveillance in Germany to quantify gender-specific differences. We calculated incidence-rates (IR) per 100,000 person–years for invasive infections with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and for infections or colonisations with carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (CRA), and Enterobacterales (CRE), using the entire German population as a denominator. We limited the study periods to years with complete notification data (MRSA: 2010–2019, CRA/CRE: 2017–2019). We used Poisson regression to adjust for gender, age group, federal state, and year of notification. In the study periods, IR for all notifications were 4.2 for MRSA, 0.90 for CRA, and 4.8 for CRE per 100,000 person-–years. The adjusted IR ratio for infections of men compared to women was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–2.3) for MRSA, 2.2 (95%CI: 1.9–2.7) for CRA, and 1.7 (95%CI: 1.6–1.8) for CRE. Men in Germany show about double the risk for infection with AMR pathogens than women. This was also true for colonisations, where data were available. Screening procedures and associated hygiene measures may profit from a gender-stratified approach.

scholarly journals Preventive health behaviours during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic based on health belief model among Egyptians

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayah M. Barakat ◽  
Zeinab A. Kasemy
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly in the world, and on 11 March 2020, WHO announced the outbreak a global pandemic. Given the severity of this major outbreak and the importance of prevention and protection against the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the predictors of engaging in the preventive behaviours could potentially be of great practical importance as it could help us identify high-risk groups and take the necessary steps towards improving their health behaviour. As the health behavioural response of the Egyptian population during COVID-19 is unknown and the health belief model constructs can be used to explain health behaviour, this study was conducted to assess the preventive behaviours to COVID-19 and the associated role of health belief model constructs over three periods of time; at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic then 4 weeks and10 weeks later. Results Perceived severity and benefits of health belief model constructs showed significant decrease in the 2nd interview, followed by an increase in the 3rd interview (P < 0.001). Perceived barriers showed a significant increase in the 2nd interview followed by a significant decrease in the 3rd interview (P < 0.001). Knowledge score was significantly lower at the start, then a surge happened in the next interview followed by a slight drop in the 3rd interview (P < 0.001). Preventive behaviours were significantly lower in the 2nd interview then significantly higher in the 3rd interview (P < 0.001). On the analysis of the factors associated with preventive behaviours using multivariate regression, the results determined age, high education, being a health care worker, perceived susceptibility, benefits, barriers and self-efficacy. Conclusions Perceptions of benefits could be increased by tailoring communication strategies to various groups, emphasizing how different people can engage in effective preventive behaviours. Policy makers should pay attention to lower-educated persons living in rural areas being a group with the least engagement in health-protective actions.

scholarly journals Gender-specific differences in expression in human lymphoblastoid cell lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wasim K. Bleibel ◽  
Cheryl A. Roe ◽  
Nancy J. Cox ◽  
M. Eileen Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Gender Specific Differences in Disease Susceptibility: The Role of Epigenetics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Lucia Migliore ◽  
Vanessa Nicolì ◽  
Andrea Stoccoro
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Many complex traits or diseases, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancer, xenobiotics exposure, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the outcome of vaccination, show a differential susceptibility between males and females. In general, the female immune system responds more efficiently to pathogens. However, this can lead to over-reactive immune responses, which may explain the higher presence of autoimmune diseases in women, but also potentially the more adverse effects of vaccination in females compared with in males. Many clinical and epidemiological studies reported, for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a gender-biased differential response; however, the majority of reports dealt with a comparable morbidity, with males, however, showing higher COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Although gender differences in immune responses have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormone effects, some other mechanisms have been invoked: cellular mosaicism, skewed X chromosome inactivation, genes escaping X chromosome inactivation, and miRNAs encoded on the X chromosome. The hormonal hypothesis as well as other mechanisms will be examined and discussed in the light of the most recent epigenetic findings in the field, as the concept that epigenetics is the unifying mechanism in explaining gender-specific differences is increasingly emerging.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document