scholarly journals Diversity of Cellulolytic Microbes and the Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste by a Potential Strain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Gautam ◽  
P. S. Bundela ◽  
A. K. Pandey ◽  
Jamaluddin ◽  
M. K. Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Secondary Screening ◽  
Congo Red Test

Municipal solid waste contains high amounts of cellulose, which is an ideal organic waste for the growth of most of microorganism as well as composting by potential microbes. In the present study, Congo red test was performed for screening of microorganism, and, after selecting a potential strains, it was further used for biodegradation of organic municipal solid waste. Forty nine out of the 250 different microbes tested (165 belong to fungi and 85 to bacteria) produced cellulase enzyme and among theseTrichoderma viridewas found to be a potential strain in the secondary screening. During the biodegradation of organic waste, after 60 days, the average weight losses were 20.10% in the plates and 33.35% in the piles. There was an increase in pH until 20 days. pH however, stabilized after 30 days in the piles. Temperature also stabilized as the composting process progressed in the piles. The high temperature continued until 30 days of decomposition, after which the temperature dropped to40°C and below during the maturation. Good quality compost was obtained in 60 days.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Melting Solidification of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Xiaoying Hu ◽  
Changqing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Liquid Slag ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Mswi Fly Ash

Melting solidification experiments of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were carried out in a high-temperature tube furnace device. An ash fusion temperature (AFT) test, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied in order to gain insight into the ash fusibility, the transformation during the melting process, and the leaching behavior of heavy metals in slag. The results showed that oxide minerals transformed into gehlenite as temperature increased. When the temperature increased to 1300 °C, 89 °C higher than the flow temperature (FT), all of the crystals transformed into molten slag. When the heating temperatures were higher than the FT, the volatilization of the Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu decreased, which may have been influenced by the formation of liquid slag. In addition, the formation of liquid slag at a high temperature also improved the stability of heavy metals in heated slag.

High-Temperature Steam Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste, Rubber, Plastic and Wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 4573-4587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uisung Lee ◽  
J. N. Chung ◽  
Herbert A. Ingley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Oman Using Different Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Tariq Umar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Council Member ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

Reduction in emissions is the key to tackle climate change issues and achieve environmental sustainability. The Gulf Cooperation Council member countries however, not only generate the highest quantity of MSW/capita when compared globally but also in most of these countries such waste is just dumped at different landfill stations. In Oman, the total quantity of MSW stood at 2.0 million tonnes/year. The emission from this waste is estimated at 2,989,467 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent). This article attempts to develop frameworks that considered landfilling, composting, and recycling of MSW and compared the emissions of these frameworks. The framework (F2) which proposes the landfilling and composting process for the organic waste which normally goes to landfills results in an increase of emissions by 7% as compared to landfill practice. Similarly, the samples of MSW collected in Oman show a good amount of recycling waste. The framework (F3) which considers the landfill, composting, and recycling reduced the total Greenhouse Gas emissions from 2,989,467 tonnes/year to 2,959,735 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent); representing a total reduction of 1% in emissions. Although composting increases the emissions, however, considering composting and recycling will not only reduce the burden on landfills but will promote agricultural and industrial activates.

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste in Japan: the first demonstration plant at Kyoto City

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Komatsu ◽  
T. Kimura ◽  
Y. Kuriyama ◽  
Y. Isshiki ◽  
T. Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste is vigorously promoted in Japan and the necessity of energy recovery from organic waste is increasing. An anaerobic digestion demonstration plant for organic waste in Kyoto City, Japan has been operated for about two years. Three kinds of wastes (garbage and leftovers from hotels, yard waste and used paper) mixed at various ratios are used. The plant has maintained stable operations with each mixture, generating biogas by the decomposition of VS at the rate of about 820 m3N/ton-VS.

Innovative Design and Manufacturing Technology of High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somrat Kerdsuwan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Combustible Gas

Incineration is a Thermal Treatment Technology (3Ts) that could be expressed as the way to get rid of waste effectively with the reduction of its mass and volume. However, to control the combustion process efficiently, especially combustion temperature, with low energy content in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), an additional fuel is needed and leads to increase of operating cost compared with other disposal option. High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) has been successfully demonstrated in a lab-scale incinerator for energy saving and pollutant reduction, especially NOx. This article has the objective to design and manufacture the prototype scale High Temperature Air Incinerator with a capacity to treat MSW of 12 Ton per day. The system consists of an automatic feeding machine to feed the waste into the primary combustion chamber (PCC) where the combustion takes place. The push ram is used to push the burning waste and fall down to the lower hearth. Primary combustion air is supplied into PCC at the amount lower than the stoichiometric requirement to produce the combustible gas which is flown into the Secondary Combustion Chamber (SCC) located above PCC. Secondary combustion air is injected to react with combustible gas to convert to the product of complete combustion. A part of hot flue gas which is flew out from SCC is reverted and mixed with fresh air, in order to reduce oxygen concentration, before passing through the heat exchanger tube bundle which is placed inside SCC in order to exchange heat with hot flue gas. To manufacture the designed incinerator, the detail of materials used as well as the frabication method is explained. It has been shown that HTAC can be applied for thermal destruction of waste successfully, in term of energy saving and pollutant free. Benefits of this research work will promote the using of thermal treatment technology of dispose of MSW with lower operating cost and lower pollutants.

Bioenergy II: Bio-Ethanol from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): The Role of Biomass Properties and Structures During the Ethanol Conversion Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiduan Li ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Promising Source

The emerging biofuel industry demands large amount of biomass feedstock. Although commercial ethanol has been produced from primary biomass sources such as corns, the global food crisis caused by the use of primary biomass has been raised. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass, known as second generation of biomass, has become a promising source for ethanol production. However, the more complex structure requires more advance technology. MSW with more than 60% of biodegradable composition, as one of the promising biomass sources has the potential benefits of replacing primary biomass and preventing environment from MSW pollution.In this paper, three major biodegradable municipal solid waste (BMSW) components: kitchen organic waste (KOW), green organic waste (GOW) and paper and card waste (PCW), are classified and characterised according to substrate composition, cellulose crystallinity, bulk density and particle size. The substrate composition indicates how much cellulose, lignin, hermicellulose each model waste has. The cellulose content shows the potential glucose/ethanol product yield. Other chemical composition such as lignin and hemicellulose indicates how easy of each model waste can be converted. These contents are also important information when selecting pretreatment methods and conversion process conditions in the following steps.Based on the comprehensive understanding of biomass structures and compositions, studies look into the effects of substrate properties (such crystallinity, presence of lignin and cellulose content on process performances during enzymatic hydrolysis adsorption. Results indicated how the adsorption process is affected by the substrate properties. This provides understanding of the role of substrate properties during enzyme-cellulose adsorption.

Co-composting as an oxygen stabilization of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste and industrial sewage sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706
Author(s):  
M. Milczarek ◽  
E. Neczaj ◽  
K. Parkitna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

scholarly journals Waste Composition Evaluation for Solid Waste Management Guideline in Highland Rural Tourist Area in Thailand

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Nittaya Pasukphun ◽  
Yanasinee Suma ◽  
Anuttara Hongtong ◽  
Vivat Keawdunglek ◽  
Pussadee Laor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

This study investigated municipal solid waste generation rate and its compositionincluding the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on municipal solid waste (MSW) management of highland rural tourist area in Chiang Rai Province, Mae Salong Nok Sub-district, Thailand in order to propose the guidelines for effective MSW in rural tourist areas. Samples of MSW were collected during weekdays and several weekends, and separated into 4 categories: general,recyclable, organic and hazardous waste. About 40 % of the MSW consisted of organic waste; plastic bags were widely present, comprising more than 60 % of the mass of the general waste group. Level of knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) on MSW was evaluated using questionnaires. While respondents scored 80 % and 76 %, respectively, on their level of knowledge of, and attitude to MSW, practice fell far short at only 37 %. The results led to a recommendation to strengthen waste separation at source, implement waste reduction and recycling concepts to reduce the volume of plastic bags, and introduce composting of food waste. The study also highlights economic and financial benefits of waste recycling. Additional value-added could be derived from the organic waste recycling program by promoting production of bioextracts and compost at household level, in order to reduce the amount of organic wastes and carbon emissions. The general and recyclable wastes could also be converted to energy as refuse-derived fuel 2 (RDF-2); the estimated average heating value of this RDF-2 was 23.56 MJ kg-1. To sustain MSW management in tourist areas, environmental education and environmental awareness campaigns are needed, using the appropriate local languages for communication, and introduction of a fairer system based on the polluter-pays principle for the business sector.

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