scholarly journals Effect of Seasonality and Ecological Factors on the Prevalence of the Four Malaria Parasite Species in Northern Mali

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane A. Koita ◽  
Lansana Sangaré ◽  
Hammadoun A. Sango ◽  
Sounkalo Dao ◽  
Naffet Keita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hot Dry Season

Background. We performed 2 cross-sectional studies in Ménaka in the Northeastern Mali across 9 sites in different ecological settings: 4 sites have permanent ponds, 4 without ponds, and one (City of Ménaka) has a semipermanent pond. We enrolled 1328 subjects in May 2004 (hot dry season) and 1422 in February 2005 (cold dry season) after the rainy season.Objective.To examine the seasonality of malaria parasite prevalence in this dry northern part of Mali at the edge of the Sahara desert.Results. Slide prevalence was lower in hot dry than cold dry season (4.94 versus 6.85%,P=0.025). Gametocyte rate increased to 0.91% in February. Four species were identified.Plasmodium falciparumwas most prevalent (74.13 and 63.72%).P. malariaeincreased from 9.38% to 22.54% in February. In contrast, prevalence ofP. vivaxwas higher (10.31%) without seasonal variation. Smear positivity was associated with splenomegaly (P=0.007). Malaria remained stable in the villages with ponds (P=0.221); in contrast, prevalence varied between the 2 seasons in the villages without ponds (P=0.004).Conclusion. Malaria was mesoendemic; 4 species circulates with a seasonal fluctuation forPlasmodium falciparum.

scholarly journals Where have all the parasites gone? Unusual Plasmodium falciparum monoparasitaemia in a cross-sectional malariometric survey in northern Nigeria

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Usman Nasir Nakakana ◽  
Ben O. Onankpa ◽  
Ismaila Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Ridwan M. Jega ◽  
Nma Muhammad Jiya
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
North Western

Background: Malaria is caused by one of five currently known Plasmodium parasite species causing disease in humans. While modelling has provided information of the vector, the same is not entirely the case for the parasite. The World Malaria reports of 2014 to 2016 reported 100% of confirmed cases from Nigeria being due to Plasmodium falciparum. Generally, about 98% of cases of uncomplicated malaria in most regions surveyed in Nigeria recently is due to P. falciparum, with the remainder being due to P. malariae. This study aimed to determine the proportions of Plasmodium parasites causing uncomplicated malaria in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, north-western Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted during the rainy season and dry season in north-western Nigeria. The area has a ‘local steppe’ climate and Sudanian Savannah vegetation. Sampling was via multistage cluster sampling. Selected participants were examined for pallor, palpable splenomegaly and signs of complicated malaria. Blood samples were also taken for rapid diagnosis of malaria and thick and thin films to identify parasitaemia and the parasite species. Participants found to have malaria were treated with Artemether/Lumefantrine and those with complicated malaria were referred to the nearest hospital.  Results: We found a parasite prevalence of 34.8% overall, which was higher in the rainy season (49.3%) than in the dry season (20.2%). There was monoparasitaemia of Plasmodium falciparum throughout the study area, irrespective of the clinical status of the participant. Mapping of the parasite was extended throughout the Local Government Area and the State. Conclusions: Despite the intermediate endemicity in the area. P. falciparum monoparasitaemia affirms theories of disappearance of other parasite species, either due to faltering control of P. falciparum or more efficient control of other species.

scholarly journals Where have all the parasites gone? Unusual Plasmodium falciparum monoparasitaemia in a cross-sectional malariometric survey in northern Nigeria

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Usman Nasir Nakakana ◽  
Ben O. Onankpa ◽  
Ismaila Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Ridwan M. Jega ◽  
Nma Muhammad Jiya
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
North Western

Background: Malaria is caused by one of five currently known Plasmodium parasite species causing disease in humans. While modelling has provided information of the vector, the same is not entirely the case for the parasite. The World Malaria reports of 2014 to 2016 reported 100% of confirmed cases from Nigeria being due to Plasmodium falciparum. Generally, about 98% of cases of uncomplicated malaria in most regions surveyed in Nigeria recently is due to P. falciparum, with the remainder being due to P. malariae. This study aimed to determine the proportions of Plasmodium parasites causing uncomplicated malaria in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, north-western Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted during the rainy season and dry season in north-western Nigeria. The area has a ‘local steppe’ climate and Sudanian Savannah vegetation. Sampling was via multistage cluster sampling. Selected participants were examined for pallor, palpable splenomegaly and signs of complicated malaria. Blood samples were also taken for rapid diagnosis of malaria and thick and thin films to identify parasitaemia and the parasite species. Participants found to have malaria were treated with Artemether/Lumefantrine and those with complicated malaria were referred to the nearest hospital.  Results: We found a parasite prevalence of 34.8% overall, which was higher in the rainy season (49.3%) than in the dry season (20.2%). There was monoparasitaemia of Plasmodium falciparum throughout the study area, irrespective of the clinical status of the participant. Mapping of the parasite was extended throughout the Local Government Area and the State. Conclusions: Despite the intermediate endemicity in the area. P. falciparum monoparasitaemia affirms theories of disappearance of other parasite species, either due to faltering control of P. falciparum or more efficient control of other species.

scholarly journals Evaluating effectiveness of screening house eaves as a potential intervention for reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Njoroge Ng’ang’a ◽  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
Charles Mbogo ◽  
Clifford Maina Mutero
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Mosquito-proofing of houses using wire mesh screens is gaining greater recognition as a practical intervention for reducing exposure to malaria transmitting mosquitoes. Screening potentially protects all persons sleeping inside the house against transmission of mosquito-borne diseases indoors. The study assessed the effectiveness of house eaves screening in reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya. Methods 160 houses were selected for the study, with half of them randomly chosen for eaves screening with fibre-glass coated wire mesh (experimental group) and the other half left without screening (control group). Randomization was carried out by use of computer-generated list in permuted blocks of ten houses and 16 village blocks, with half of them allocated treatment in a ratio of 1:1. Cross-sectional baseline entomological and parasitological data were collected before eave screening. After baseline data collection, series of sampling of indoor adult mosquitoes were conducted once a month in each village using CDC light traps. Three cross-sectional malaria parasitological surveys were conducted at three month intervals after installation of the screens. The primary outcome measures were indoor Anopheles mosquito density and malaria parasite prevalence. Results A total of 15,286 mosquitoes were collected over the two year period using CDC light traps in 160 houses distributed over 16 study villages (mean mosquitoes = 4.35, SD = 11.48). Of all mosquitoes collected, 2,872 (18.8%) were anophelines (2,869 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, 1 Anopheles funestus and 2 other Anopheles spp). Overall, among An. gambiae collected, 92.6% were non-blood fed, 3.57% were blood fed and the remaining 0.47% were composed of gravid and half gravid females. More indoor adult mosquitoes were collected in the control than experimental arms of the study. Results from cross-sectional parasitological surveys showed that screened houses recorded relatively low malaria parasite prevalence rates compared to the control houses. Overall, malaria prevalence was 5.6% (95% CI: 4.2–7.5) n = 1,918, with baseline prevalence rate of 6.1% (95% CI: 3.9–9.4), n = 481 and 3rd follow-up survey prevalence of 3.6% (95% CI: 2.0–6.8) n = 494. At all the three parasitological follow-up survey points, house screening significantly reduced the malaria prevalence by 100% (p < 0.001), 63.6% (p = 0.026), and 100% (p < 0.001) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow-up surveys respectively. Conclusions The study demonstrated that house eave screening has potential to reduce indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in high transmission areas.

scholarly journals Utility of ultra-sensitive qPCR to detect Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections under different transmission intensities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gruenberg ◽  
Clara Antunes Moniz ◽  
Natalie E. Hofmann ◽  
Cristian Koepfli ◽  
Leanne J. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Abstract Background The use of molecular diagnostics has revealed an unexpectedly large number of asymptomatic low-density malaria infections in many malaria endemic areas. This study compared the gains in parasite prevalence obtained by the use of ultra-sensitive (us)-qPCR as compared to standard qPCR in cross sectional surveys conducted in Thailand, Brazil and Papua New Guinea (PNG). The compared assays differed in the copy number of qPCR targets in the parasite genome. Methods Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf ) and Plasmodium vivax ( Pv ) parasites were quantified by qPCR amplifying the low-copy Pf_ and Pv _18S rRNA genes or the multi-copy targets Pf _varATS and Pv _mtCOX1. Cross-sectional surveys at the three study sites included 2252 participants of all ages and represented different transmission intensities. Results In the two low-transmission areas, P. falciparum positivity was 1.3% (10/773) (Thailand) and 0.8% (5/651) (Brazil) using standard Pf _18S rRNA qPCR. In these two countries, P. falciparum positivity by Pf_ varATS us-qPCR increased to 1.9% (15/773) and 1.7% (11/651). In PNG, an area with moderate transmission intensity, P. falciparum positivity significantly increased from 8.6% (71/828) by standard qPCR to 12.2% (101/828) by us-qPCR. The proportions of P. falciparum infections not detected by standard qPCR were 33%, 55% and 30% in Thailand, Brazil and PNG. Plasmodium vivax was the predominating species in Thailand and Brazil, with 3.9% (30/773) and 4.9% (32/651) positivity by Pv _18S rRNA qPCR. In PNG, P. vivax positivity was similar to P. falciparum , at 8.0% (66/828). Use of Pv _mtCOX1 us-qPCR led to a significant increase in positivity to 5.1% (39/773), 6.4% (42/651) and 11.5% (95/828) in Thailand, Brazil, and PNG. The proportions of P. vivax infections missed by standard qPCR were similar at all three sites, with 23%, 24% and 31% in Thailand, Brazil and PNG. Conclusion The proportional gains in the detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections by ultra-sensitive diagnostic assays were substantial at all three study sites. Thus, us-qPCR yields more precise prevalence estimates for both P. falciparum and P. vivax at all studied levels of endemicity and represents a significant diagnostic improvement. Improving sensitivity in P. vivax surveillance by us-qPCR is of particular benefit, because the additionally detected P. vivax infections signal the potential presence of hypnozoites and subsequent risk of relapse and further transmission.

scholarly journals Parallel and Concurrent Infection of Dengue Virus and Plasmodium falciparum among Patients with Febrile Illnesses Attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Nanret Kyeswet Suchi ◽  
Haruna Isa Mohammed ◽  
Adegbite Olutunde Ademola ◽  
Pennap Grace Rinmecit
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the parallel and concurrent infection of dengue virus and Plasmodium falciparum among patients with febrile illnesses attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria. Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi and 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba-Lagos, between February and July 2017. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 400 patients with febrile illnesses at the University Health Centre. The resulting sera was screened for dengue virus seromarkers (IgM, IgG and NS1) using Aria Dou dengue virus RDT kits (CTK Biotech, Inc, San Diego, USA) while malaria parasitemia was detected by Giemsa stained thick and thin film microscopy. Data collected were analysed using Smith’s Statistical Package (version 2.8, California, USA) and P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 400 patients screened, 12(3.0%) were positive for dengue virus, 20(5.0%) for malaria parasite while 10(2.5%) for dengue/malaria co-infection. Infection with dengue virus and malaria parasite was found to be higher among female subjects aged ≤30 years. However, age and gender were not significantly associated with both infections in this study (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the presence of dengue virus infection in the study area which probably may have been misdiagnosed and mistreated. Hence, differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses should not only be limited to malaria and typhoid as is always the case in our health care centres.

scholarly journals The Plasmodium falciparum protein PfMRP1 functions as an influx ABC transporter

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Silva ◽  
Carla Calçada ◽  
Nuno Osório ◽  
Vitória Baptista ◽  
Vandana Thathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Falciparum Protein

Abstract Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in mediating solute or drug transport across cellular membranes. Although this class of transporters has been well characterized in diverse organisms little is known about the physiological roles in Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite species. We studied the Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1 (PfMRP1; PF3D7_0112200), an ABC transporter localized to the parasite plasma membrane, generating genetic disrupted parasites. We demonstrate that parasites with disrupted pfmrp1 are resistant to folate analogs, methotrexate and aminopterin, with antimalarial activity. This phenotype occurs due to reduction in compound accumulation in the parasite cytoplasm. Phylogenetic analysis supports pfmrp1 being distantly related to ABC transporters in other eukaryotes, suggesting an unusual function. We propose that PfMRP1 can act as a solute importer, a function not previously observed in this organism.

scholarly journals Evaluating effectiveness of screening house eaves as a potential intervention for reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya .

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER N. NG'ANG'A ◽  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
Charles Mbogo ◽  
Clifford Maina Mutero
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background: Mosquito-proofing of houses using wire mesh screens is gaining greater recognition as a practical intervention for reducing exposure to malaria transmitting mosquitoes. Screening potentially protects all persons sleeping inside the house against transmission of mosquito-borne diseases indoors. The study assessed the effectiveness of house eaves screening in reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya. Methods: 160 houses were selected for the study, with half of them randomly chosen for eaves screening with fibre-glass coated wire mesh (experimental group) and the other half left without screening (control group). Randomization was carried out by use of computer-generated list in permuted blocks of ten houses and 16 village blocks, with half of them allocated treatment in a ratio of 1:1. Cross-sectional baseline entomological and parasitological data were collected before eave screening. After baseline data collection, series of sampling of indoor adult mosquitoes were conducted once a month in each village using CDC light traps. Three cross-sectional malaria parasitological surveys were conducted at three month intervals after installation of the screens. The primary outcome measures were indoor Anopheles mosquito density and malaria parasite prevalence. Results: A total of 15,286 mosquitoes were collected over the two years period using CDC light trap in 160 houses distributed over 16 study villages (mean = 4.35, SD = 11.48). Of all mosquitoes collected, 2,872 were anophelines (2,869 An. gambiae s.l., 1 An. funestus and 2 other Anopheles spp ). Overall, among An. gambiae collected, 92.6% were non-blood fed, 3.57% were blood fed and the remaining 0.47% were composed of gravid and half gravid females. More indoor adult mosquitoes were collected in the control than experimental arms of the study. Results from cross-sectional parasitological surveys showed that screened houses recorded relatively low malaria parasite prevalence rates compared to the control houses. Overall, malaria prevalence was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2-7.5) n=1,918, with baseline prevalence rate of 6.1% (95%CI: 3.9-9.4), n=481 and 3 rd follow-up survey prevalence of 3.6% (95%CI: 2.0-6.8) n=494. At all the three parasitological follow-up survey points, house screening significantly reduced the malaria prevalence by 100% (p<0.001), 63.6% (p=0.026), and 100% (p<0.001) in the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd follow-up surveys respectively. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that house eave screening has potential to reduce indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in high transmission areas.

Seasonal changes in the Plasmodium falciparum population in individuals and their relationship to clinical malaria: a longitudinal study in a Sudanese village

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ROPER ◽  
W. RICHARDSON ◽  
I. M. ELHASSAN ◽  
H. GIHA ◽  
L. HVIID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Malaria Episodes

Residents of Daraweesh village in Sudan were monitored for Plasmodium falciparum infection and malaria morbidity in 3 malaria seasons from 1993 to 1996. Malaria parasites were detected microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a series of cross-sectional surveys. PCR revealed submicroscopical infections during the dry season, particularly among individuals who had recovered from a malaria episode following successful drug treatment. Clinical and subclinical infections were contrasted by assaying for allelic polymorphism at 2 gene loci, MSP-1 and GLURP and 2 hypotheses examined with reference to these data: that clinical malaria is associated with infection with novel parasite genotypes not previously detected in that host, or alternatively, that clinical malaria episodes are associated with an increased number of clones in an infection. We detected more mixed infections among clinical isolates, but people carrying parasites during the dry season were not found to have an increased risk of disease in the following malaria season. There was a clear association of disease with the appearance of novel parasite genotypes.

scholarly journals Impact of an Irrigation Dam on the Transmission and Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in a Seasonal Malaria Transmission Area of Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kyei-Baafour ◽  
Bernard Tornyigah ◽  
Benjamin Buade ◽  
Langbong Bimi ◽  
Abraham R. Oduro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Dam Site

Water bodies such as dams are known to alter the local transmission patterns of a number of infectious diseases, especially those transmitted by insects and other arthropod vectors. The impact of an irrigation dam on submicroscopic asexual parasite carriage in individuals living in a seasonal malaria transmission area of northern Ghana was investigated. A total of 288 archived DNA samples from two cross-sectional surveys in two communities in the Bongo District of Northern Ghana were analysed. Parasite density was determined by light microscopy and PCR, and parasite diversity was assessed by genotyping of the polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum msp2 block-3 region. Submicroscopic parasitaemia was estimated as the proportional difference between positive samples identified by PCR and microscopy. Dry season submicroscopic parasite prevalence was significantly higher (71.0%, p=0.013) at the dam site compared with the nondam site (49.2%). Similarly, wet season submicroscopic parasite prevalence was significantly higher at the dam site (54.5%, p=0.008) compared with the nondam site (33.0%). There was no difference in parasite density between sites in the dry season (p=0.90) and in the wet season (p=0.85). Multiplicity of infection (MOI) based on PCR data was significantly higher at the dam site compared with the nondam site during the dry season (p<0.0001) but similar between sites during the wet season. MOI at the nondam site was significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season (2.49, 1.26, p<0.0001) but similar between seasons at the dam site. Multivariate analysis showed higher odds of carrying submicroscopic parasites at the dam site in both dry season (OR = 7.46, 95% CI = 3.07–18.15) and in wet season (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.04–2.86). The study findings suggest that large water bodies impact year-round carriage of submicroscopic parasites and sustain Plasmodium transmission.

scholarly journals Evaluating effectiveness of screening house eaves as a potential intervention for reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER N. NG'ANG'A ◽  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
Charles Mbogo ◽  
Clifford Maina Mutero
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Mosquito-proofing of houses using wire mesh screens is gaining greater recognition as a practical intervention for reducing exposure to malaria transmitting mosquitoes. Screening potentially protects all persons sleeping inside the house against transmission of mosquito-borne diseases indoors. The study assessed the effectiveness of house eaves screening in reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya. Methods 160 houses were selected for the study, with half of them randomly chosen for eaves screening with fibre-glass coated wire mesh (experimental group) and the other half left without screening (control group). Randomization was carried out by use of computer-generated list in permuted blocks of ten houses and 16 village blocks, with half of them allocated treatment in a ratio of 1:1. Cross-sectional baseline entomological and parasitological data were collected before eave screening. After baseline data collection, series of sampling of indoor adult mosquitoes were conducted once a month in each village using CDC light traps. Three cross-sectional malaria parasitological surveys were conducted at three month intervals after installation of the screens. The primary outcome measures were indoor Anopheles mosquito density and malaria parasite prevalence. Results A total of 15,286 mosquitoes were collected over the two year period using CDC light traps in 160 houses distributed over 16 study villages (mean mosquitoes = 4.35, SD = 11.48). Of all mosquitoes collected, 2,872 (18.8%) were anophelines (2,869 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, 1 Anopheles funestus and 2 other Anopheles spp). Overall, among An. gambiae collected, 92.6% were non-blood fed, 3.57% were blood fed and the remaining 0.47% were composed of gravid and half gravid females. More indoor adult mosquitoes were collected in the control than experimental arms of the study. Results from cross-sectional parasitological surveys showed that screened houses recorded relatively low malaria parasite prevalence rates compared to the control houses. Overall, malaria prevalence was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2-7.5) n=1,918, with baseline prevalence rate of 6.1% (95%CI: 3.9-9.4), n=481 and 3rd follow-up survey prevalence of 3.6% (95%CI: 2.0-6.8) n=494. At all the three parasitological follow-up survey points, house screening significantly reduced the malaria prevalence by 100% (p<0.001), 63.6% (p=0.026), and 100% (p<0.001) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow-up surveys respectively.Conclusions The study demonstrated that house eave screening has potential to reduce indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in high transmission areas.

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