scholarly journals Secrecy and the Pathogenesis of Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Ettner ◽  
Frederic Ettner ◽  
Tonya White
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Disclosure ◽  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
General Medical Practice ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Medicine Physician ◽  
The Family ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Literature supporting a relationship between emotions and regulation of blood pressure dates back to the early 1900s. Theoretical explanations of the pathophysiology of the correlation have centered on several possible trajectories, the most likely being cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Prospective studies have demonstrated that chronic stress and enduring traits such as defensiveness and anxiety, impacts the development of hypertension. An analysis of 195 genetic males seeking contrary hormones for treatment of gender dysphoria revealed a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension in this cohort. The authors attribute this increased prevalence to the known effects of emotional disclosure on health and conclude that the inhibition of emotional expressiveness is significant in the etiology and maintenance of essential hypertension in this population. As hypertension is associated with morbidity and mortality, the implications for the family medicine physician treating gender nonconforming individuals and other patients in the context of a general medical practice will be discussed.

DEFECTIVE ORTHOSTATIC REGULATION OF BLOOD-PRESSURE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

The Lancet ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 283 (7344) ◽  
pp. 1182-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherban Fotino ◽  
Nicolae Raiciulescu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Significance of the «youth protein», GDF11, and «aging proteins», CCL11, GDF15, and JAM-A, for regulation of blood pressure in healthy and hypertensive women

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Б.И. Кузник ◽  
С.О. Давыдов ◽  
А.В. Степанов ◽  
Ю.Н. Смоляков ◽  
Е.С. Гусева
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Цель исследования - изучение взаимосвязи содержания белков GDF11, GDF15, CCL11, JAM-A и кровяного давления у здоровых женщин и женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью. Методика. В исследовании приняло участие 118 женщин. Содержание белков GDF11, GDF15, JAM-A и CCL11 определялось методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Вычислялись коэффициенты, характеризующие отношение «белка молодости» к «белкам старости» GDF11/GDF15, GDF11/CCL11 и GDF11/JAM-A. Величину систолического (SBP) и диастолического давления (DBP) определяли методом Короткова. Результаты. У женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью, значительно снижено содержание «белка молодости» GDF11 и повышена концентрация «белков старости» - GDF15, CCL-11 и адгезивной молекулы JAM-A. Установлены положительные и отрицательные корреляции между отдельными исследуемыми компонентами и уровнем кровяного давления. Показано, что чем выше показатель отношения «белка молодости» GDF11 к «белкам старости» GDF15, CCL-11, JAM-A, тем ниже уровень систолического, диастолического и среднего кровяного давления. Заключение. На основании полученных данных сделано заключение, что соотношения уровней «белка молодости» GDF11 и «белков старости» - GDF15, CCL11 и JAM-A играет в регуляции уровня кровяного давления существенно более важную роль, чем каждая из этих молекул в отдельности. Систематическое использование на протяжении 2-3 лет курсов кинезитерапии приводит к восстановлению нормального соотношения «белков молодости» и «белков старости», что сопровождается нормализацией кровяного давления. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between contents of GDF11, GDF15, CCL11, and JAM-A proteins and blood pressure in healthy women and women with essential hypertension. Methods. The study involved 118 women. Contents of GDF11, GDF15, JAM-A, and CCL11 were measured using the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Ratios of the «youth protein» to «aging proteins» (GDF11/GDF15, GDF11/CCL11, and GDF11/JAM-A) were computed. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was measured using the Korotkov method. Results. In hypertensive women, the content of the «youth protein», GDF11, was significantly reduced, and concentrations of «aging proteins», GDF15, CCL-11, and the adhesion molecule JAM-A, were increased. Some «youth and aging proteins» were positively or negatively correlated with blood pressure. The greater was the ratio of the «youth protein», GDF11, to «aging proteins», GDF15, CCL-11, and JAM-A, the lower was systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Therefore, the relationship between the ratio of the «youth protein», GDF11, to «aging proteins», GDF15, CCL11, and JAM-A, plays a substantially greater role in regulation of blood pressure than each of these molecules alone. Conclusion. Systematic use of kinesiotherapeutic courses for 2-3 years restores a normal «youth to aging protein» ratio and improves blood pressure.

Increased Erythrocyte Lithium-Sodium Countertransport in Essential Hypertension: Its Relationship to Family History of Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 13s-15s ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Canali ◽  
L. Borghi ◽  
E. Sani ◽  
A. Curti ◽  
A. Montanari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
And Control

1. Erythrocyte lithium—sodium counter-transport was measured in 46 normotensive healthy controls without family history of hypertension, 15 subjects with essential hypertension, but without evidence of family history of high blood pressure, and 43 subjects with essential hypertension and at least one hypertensive first-degree relative. 2. Mean values (mmol h−1 l−1 of erythrocytes) were 0.248 ± 0.092 in controls, 0.258 ± 0.087 in hypertensive subjects without family history (not significant vs controls), 0.360 ± 0.115 in hypertensive subjects with family history of hypertension (P < 0.001 vs controls), 0.334 ± 0.117 in all hypertensive subjects, both with and without family history (P < 0.001 vs controls). 3. Our data confirm the finding of an increased erythrocyte lithium-sodium counter-transport, but with a significant overlap between essential hypertension and control values. Lithium-sodium countertransport is higher only in hypertensive subjects with at least one hypertensive first-degree relative. 4. We suggest that the increase of lithium-sodium countertransport in erythrocytes is not a consistent marker of essential hypertension. It seems to be associated with the family prevalence and/or the hereditability of hypertension, rather than with high blood pressure per se.

Salmon cardiac natriuretic peptide is a volume-regulating hormone

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. E353-E361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virpi Tervonen ◽  
Heikki Ruskoaho ◽  
Tiina Lecklin ◽  
Mika Ilves ◽  
Olli Vuolteenaho
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Family ◽  
Peptide System ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

The present study tested the hypothesis that salmon cardiac peptide (sCP), a new member of the family of natriuretic peptides, has an important role in the regulation of fluid balance and cardiovascular function. Intra-arterial administration of sCP increased urine output in salmon. It had a diuretic effect in rat as well, but the potency was lower. sCP increased the sodium excretion in proportion to the increased urine flow. Blood pressure was not affected by sCP in either species. Acute volume expansion elevated the plasma level of sCP in salmon, and an acute transfer of salmon from fresh to sea water decreased the circulating sCP level. Cardiac immunoreactive sCP or sCP mRNA levels were not affected by transfer to sea water. These results indicate that sCP has an important physiological role in defending salmon against volume overload but that it does not appear to contribute to the short-term regulation of blood pressure. sCP provides an excellent model of the general mechanisms of regulation of the A-type (atrial) natriuretic peptide system.

scholarly journals Altered Cardiovascular Reactivity to and Recovery from Cold Face Test-Induced Parasympathetic Stimulation in Essential Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2714
Author(s):  
Lisa-Marie Walther ◽  
Roland von Känel ◽  
Nadja Heimgartner ◽  
Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl ◽  
Ulrike Ehlert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cold Face ◽  
Cold Face Test ◽  
Screening Scale

Essential hypertension is associated with increased sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activity as well as impaired reactivity to sympathetic stimulation. However, reactivity and recovery from parasympathetic stimulation in hypertension are unknown. We investigated reactivity and recovery to primarily parasympathetic stimulation by Cold Face Test (CFT) in essential hypertension. Moreover, we tested whether chronic stress modulates CFT-reactivity dependent on hypertension status. The CFT was conducted by applying a cold face-mask for 2 min in 24 unmedicated, otherwise healthy hypertensive men and in 24 normotensive controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured repeatedly. Chronic stress was assessed with the Trier-Inventory-for-Chronic-Stress-Screening-Scale. Hypertensives did not exhibit diastolic BP decreases after CFT-cessation (p = 0.59) as did normotensives (p = 0.002) and failed to show HR decreases in immediate response to CFT (p = 0.62) when compared to normotensives (p < 0.001). Systolic BP reactivity and recovery patterns did not differ between hypertensives and normotensives (p = 0.44). Chronic stress moderated HR (p = 0.045) but not BP CFT-reactivity (p′s > 0.64) with chronically stressed normotensives showing similar HR reactivity as hypertensives. Our findings indicate impaired diastolic BP and HR reactivity to and recovery from CFT in hypertensives and a moderating effect of chronic stress on HR reactivity potentially reflecting reduced relaxation ability of the cardiovascular system.

Renal effects of hyperinsulinaemia in subjects with two hypertensive parents

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-687
Author(s):  
Ulrik B. ANDERSEN ◽  
Peter SKØTT ◽  
Niels E. BRUUN ◽  
Harriet DIGE-PETERSEN ◽  
Hans IBSEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Renal Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Sodium Clearance ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of isoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia on the renal metabolism of electrolytes and water in subjects with a strong genetic predisposition to essential hypertension, compared with that in non-predisposed subjects. We studied 25 normotensive subjects aged 18–35 years whose parents both had essential hypertension, and 22 age- and sex-matched subjects whose parents were both normotensive. Diabetes or morbid obesity in any subject or parent excluded the family. The 24-h blood pressure was measured. The subjects received an isocaloric diet with a fixed content of sodium and potassium for 4 days before the study. An isoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp with infusion of insulin (40 munits·min-1·m-2) was performed. We measured the renal clearance of diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid, sodium, potassium and lithium both under basal conditions and during hyperinsulinaemia. In response to hyperinsulinaemia, renal sodium clearance decreased to a significantly greater extent in the hypertension-prone subjects [0.57 (0.74, 0.36) ml·min-1·1.73 m2 (median and quartiles)] than in the controls [0.34 (0.56, 0.18) ml·min-1·1.73 m2] (P = 0.04). Compared with the controls, the subjects predisposed to hypertension had a higher 24-h diastolic blood pressure [78 (70, 82) mmHg, compared with 73 (68, 77) mmHg], but a similar insulin sensitivity index {107×[313 (225, 427)] compared with 107×[354 (218, 435)] l2·min-1·pmol-1·kg-1}. Thus the sodium-retaining effect of insulin was more pronounced in subjects with a strong genetic predisposition to essential hypertension than in subjects with normotensive parents. This effect may contribute to the development of hypertension in subjects with a genetic predisposition to hypertension.

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