scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Combined Larvicidal Effects of Selected Essential Oils againstAnopheles cracens(Diptera: Culicidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitrawadee Intirach ◽  
Anuluck Junkum ◽  
Benjawan Tuetun ◽  
Wej Choochote ◽  
Udom Chaithong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Main Component

A preliminary study on larvicidal activity against laboratory-colonizedAnopheles cracensmosquitos revealed that five of ten plant oils at concentration of 100 ppm showed 95–100% larval mortality. The essential oils of five plants, includingPiper sarmentosum, Foeniculum vulgare, Curcuma longa, Myristica fragrans, andZanthoxylum piperitum,were then selected for chemical analysis, dose-response larvicidal experiments, and combination-based bioassays. Chemical compositions analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry demonstrated that the main component in the oil derived fromP. sarmentosum, F. vulgare, C. longa, M. fragrans, and Z. piperitumwas croweacin (71.01%), anethole (63.00%), ar-turmerone (30.19%), safrole (46.60%), and 1,8-cineole (21.27%), respectively. For larvicidal bioassay, all five essential oils exerted promising efficacy in a dose-dependent manner and different performances onA. cracensafter 24 hours of exposure. The strongest larvicidal potential was established fromP. sarmentosum, followed byF. vulgare, C. longa, M. fragrans, andZ. piperitum, with LC50values of 16.03, 32.77, 33.61, 40.00, and 63.17 ppm, respectively. Binary mixtures betweenP. sarmentosum, the most effective oil, and the others at the highest ratio were proved to be highly efficacious with a cotoxicity coefficient value greater than 100, indicating synergistic activity. Results of mixed formulations of different essential oils generating synergistic effects may prove helpful in developing effective, economical, and ecofriendly larvicides, as favorable alternatives for mosquito management.

Antimicrobial Activity of Individual and Combined Essential Oils against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATIMA REYES-JURADO ◽  
AURELIO LÓPEZ-MALO ◽  
ENRIQUE PALOU
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mustard Essential Oil

ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer), mustard (Brassica nigra), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) were evaluated alone and in binary combinations against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, or Salmonella Enteritidis. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The MICs of the evaluated essential oils ranged from 0.05 to 0.50% (vol/vol). Mustard essential oil was the most effective, likely due to the presence of allyl isothiocyanate, identified as its major component. Furthermore, mustard essential oil exhibited synergistic effects when combined with either Mexican oregano or thyme essential oils (fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.75); an additive effect was obtained by combining thyme and Mexican oregano essential oils (fractional inhibitory concentration index = 1.00). These results suggest the potential of studied essential oil mixtures to inhibit microbial growth and preserve foods; however, their effect on sensory quality in selected foods compatible with their flavor needs to be assessed.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. and Schltdl Leaves Using Two Extraction Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Taiwo Oluwafunmilola Abifarin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds

This study was aimed at comparing the essential oils obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens leaves by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and Hydrodistillation (HD) methods in terms of their chemical compositions, yield, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. The solvent-free microwave extraction method indicated a higher oil yield of 0.7 mL/200 g (0.35%) as compared to 0.59 mL/200 g (0.295%) obtained through hydrodistillation. GC-MS analysis of the oils revealed a total of 52 chemical components from both methods with the presence of 35 (96.52%) and 30 (71.15%) chemical constituents for HD and SFME, respectively. The major constituents observed in the essential oil extracted by SFME methods include α-pinene (6%), D-limonene (11.27%), β-ocimene (9.09%), β-phellandrene (6.33%), β-mycene (8.49%), caryophyllene (5.96%), and camphene (4.28%). However, in the hydrodistillation method, the oil was majorly composed of a-pinene (4.41%), β-pinene (10.68%), β-ocimene (6.30%), germacrene-D (5.09%), humulene (5.55%), and α-elemene (6.18%). The SFME method was better in terms of saving energy (0.25 kWh against 4.2 kWh of energy consumed), reduced CO2 emission (200 g against 3360 g of CO2), a higher yield, and better quality of essential oil due to the presence of higher valuable oxygenated compounds (8.52%) against that of the hydrodistillation method (2.96%). The SFME method is, therefore, a good alternative for extracting the oils of H. arborescens leaves since the essential oil yield is higher with more oxygenated compounds, considerable energy savings, lower cost, and reduced environmental burden at substantially reduced extraction time (30 min as opposed to 180 min).

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle Found in Northeast Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Guerra-Boone ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Román ◽  
Ricardo Salazar-Aranda ◽  
Anabel Torres-Cirio ◽  
Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Main Component

The essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora and Chrysactinia mexicana leaves, and from Schinus molle leaves and fruit, were characterized by gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight compounds from M. grandiflora leaves were identified (representing 93.6% of the total area of the gas chromatogram), with the major component being bornyl acetate (20.9%). Colorless and yellow oils were obtained from the C. mexicana leaves with 18 (86.7%) and 11 (100%) compounds identified, respectively. In both fractions, the principal component was sylvestrene (36.8% and 41.1%, respectively). The essential oils of S. molle leaves and fruit were each separated into colorless and yellow fractions, in which 14 (98.2) and 20 (99.8%) compounds were identified. The main component was α-phellandrene in all fractions (between 32.8% and 45.0%). The M. grandiflora oil displayed antifungal activity against five dermatophyte strains. The oils from S. molle and M. grandiflora leaves had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, which cause skin infections that potentially may lead to sepsis. However, the antioxidant activities of all oils were small (half maximal effective concentration values >250 μg/mL).

Effect of nintedanib, a triple angiokinase inhibitor, on EGFR and HER2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) models, and rational for its combinations with the ErbB family blocker afatinib.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 485-485
Author(s):  
Annette K. Larsen ◽  
Aimery de Gramont ◽  
Aude Batistella ◽  
Arnaud Afchain ◽  
Paul Mésange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitor ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Erbb Family ◽  
Combination Methods ◽  
Erbb Family Blocker

485 Background: We have recently shown that combinations of afatinib, a pan-HER/ErbB blocker, and nintedanib, a triple angiokinase (VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR) inhibitor show synergistic activity in CRC models (Poindessous et al., Clin Cancer Res. 17:6522, 2011). However, the mechanistic basis for the synergistic effects of the combination is incompletely understood. EGFR is activated following exposure to a wide variety of therapeutic modalities including ionizing irradiation and irinotecan. We speculated that nintedanib exposure could also activate EGFR signaling which might explain the synergistic activity of the combination. Methods: Mice with human CRC xenografts were treated with nintedanib and afatinib alone or in combination and the influence on tumor growth, viability and the presence of phosphorylated HER family members was determined. Different scheduling regimens were explored to identify an administration schedule which combined optimal antitumor activity with minimal toxic side effects. Results: We here show that nintedanib treatment results in activation of EGFR and HER2 in multiple CRC xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner. Among the different regimens tested, continuous nintedanib with administration of afatinib every second week proved almost as efficient as continuous administration of the two agents together and was less toxic. Finally, nintedanib plus afatinib was superior to nintedanib alone in three different tumor xenografts with mutant KRAS. Conclusions: We here report that prolonged exposure to nintedanib, a small molecule angiogenesis inhibitor, is accompanied by activation of EGFR and HER2. Accordingly, afatinib, an ErbB family blocker, was synergistic with nintedanib. We subsequently identified a novel regimen for optimizing the antitumor effects of the combination with limited toxic side effects and showed that this regimen is active in four different CRC tumor models including three with mutant KRAS. These findings provide a rationale for clinical trials of the two small molecules, even in patients with mutant KRAS.

Compositions and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Kadsura longepedunculata and Schisandra sphenanthera

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Song ◽  
Jie-Ying Ding ◽  
Cui Tang ◽  
Chun-Hua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Schisandra Sphenanthera

The chemical compositions, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicities of the essential oils isolated from the root of Kadsura longepedunculata Finet et Gagnep (KLREO) and the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wills. (SSFEO) were investigated.The analyses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that cadinane type compounds and their derivatives were rich in both oils (54.2% and 39.7%, respectively) and δ-cadinene was the major component of both oils (13.8% and 25.6%, respectively). The antimicrobial activities of both oils were evaluated against five microorganisms with the disc diffusion and the broth micro-dilution method. Results showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to both oils than Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oil of KLREO were lower than those of SSFEO, indicating that the former possessed slightly stronger antibacterial capability than the latter. The reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays were employed to study the potential antioxidant activities of both oils. Both oils remarkably decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver homogenate in a dose dependent manner. The antioxidant activities of KLREO appeared to be more potent than that of SSFEO. The oils of KLREO and SSFEO exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicities and were proved to be toxic to HepG2 cells with IC50 of 147 and 189 μg/ml, respectively.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Algerian Eryngium campestre: Chemical Variability and Evaluation of Biological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medbouhi ◽  
Benbelaïd ◽  
Djabou ◽  
Beaufay ◽  
Bendahou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Main Component

The chemical composition of essential oils extracted from aerial parts of Eryngium campestre collected in 37 localities from Western Algeria was characterized using GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Altogether, 52 components, which accounted for 70.1 to 86.8% of the total composition oils were identified. The main compounds were Germacrene D (0.4–53.4%), Campestrolide (1.6–35.3%), Germacrene B (0.2–21.5%), Myrcene (0.1–8.4%), α-Cadinol (0.2–7.6%), Spathulenol (0.1–7.6%), Eudesma-4(15)-7-dien-1-β-ol (0.1–7.6%) and τ-Cadinol (0.3–5.5%). The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from separate organs and during the complete vegetative cycle of the plant were also studied. With the uncommon 17-membered ring lactone named Campestrolide as the main component, Algerian E. campestre essential oils exhibited a remarkable chemical composition. A study of the chemical variability using statistical analysis allowed the discrimination of two main clusters according to the geographical position of samples. The study contributes to the better understanding of the relationship between the plant and its environment. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assessed against twelve strains bacteria and two yeasts involved in foodborne and nosocomial infections using paper disc diffusion and dilution agar assays. The in vitro study demonstrated a strong activity against Gram-positive strains such as S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. faecalis. The cytotoxicity and antiparasitic activities (on Lmm and Tbb) of the collective essential oil and one sample rich in campestrolide, as well as some enriched fractions or fractions containing other terpenic compounds, were also analyzed. Campestrolide seems to be one compound responsible for the cytotoxic and antileishmanial effect, while myrcene or/and trans-β-farnesene have a more selective antitrypanosomal activity.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Larvicidal Activity of Hymenaea courbaril Fruit Peel

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cláudio D. Aguiar ◽  
Gilvandete M. P. Santiago ◽  
Patrícia L. Lavor ◽  
Helenicy N. H. Veras ◽  
Yana S. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Unripe Fruits

The chemical compositions of the essential oils from the peel of ripe and unripe fruits of Hymenaea courbaril L., obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oil from the peel of the ripe fruits were the sesquiterpenes α-copaene (11.1%), spathulenol (10.1%) and β-selinene (8.2%), while germacrene-D (31.9%), β-caryophyllene (27.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.5%) were the major compounds in the oil from unripe fruits. The essential oils were tested against Aedes aegypti larvae and showed LC50 values of 14.8 ± 0.4 μg/mL and 28.4 ± 0.3 μg/mL for the ripe and unripe fruit peel oils, respectively. From the peel of the ripe fruits, the diterpenes zanzibaric acid and isoozic acid were isolated, along with the sesquiterpene caryolane-1,9β-diol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this sesquiterpene in the genus. The structures of all compounds isolated were identified on the basis of their spectral data (IR, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR) and by comparison with literature spectral data.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Larvicidal Properties of n-Hexane Extract of Parinari excelsa Seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
A. Dokubo ◽  
F. G. Obomanu ◽  
N. Ebere ◽  
G. I. Ndukwe
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Health Organization

The study was conducted to investigate the chemical compositions and larvicidal effect of n-hexane extract of Parinari excelsa seeds against fourth instar larvae of Culex mosquito after 24 h and 48 h exposure. The chemical composition of n-hexane extract of P. excelsa seeds were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Larvicidal activity was performed following standard procedures of World Health Organization (WHO). GC-MS analysis showed that the seed extract of P. excelsa contained hexadecyl phenyl carbonate with highest percentage (7.502%, RT=26.39), followed by tetradecyl phenyl carbonate (5.77%, RT=25.90), 1-methyl cyclohex-3-enyldodecyl fumarate (5.70%, RT=24.58), decyl phenyl carbonate (4.70%, RT=28.64) and the lowest, octadecyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (0.62%, RT=13.71). The result showed significant (p<0.05) mortality of larvae  in 24 h and 48 h of exposure. However, the highest larval mortality  was recorded at 48 h exposure. Result of regression analysis indicated that mortality rate positively correlated with concentration having a regression coefficient (R) close to one in each exposure case. The estimated lethal concentrations (LC50) for 24 h and 48 h exposure were 2.056±0.176 µg/ml and 0.429±0.150 µg/ml respectively. This indicates that larvicidal activity recorded for 48 h exposure was 4.8 times more than that recorded for 24 h exposure. The study demonstrated that n-hexane extract of P. excelsa seeds exhibited larvicidal potential and can be utilized as biopesticides to minimize the multiplication of mosquitoes that transmit vector borne diseases.

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