Determination of Tamarindus Indica Seed Fatty Acid Components Using Ultrasound- Assisted Microwave Extraction Method

In this study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction on fatty acids yield. Fatty acid components of Tamarindus Indica (T. Indica) seed were determined using ultrasound assisted microwave extraction method. T. Indica is cultivated in the tropics and in Egypt and India. Its fruits are 12-15 cm long, brown and leguminous. In addition to its positive effects on the digestive system, it is an excellent source of vitamin C and a rich antioxidant. It has also been proven beneficial in keeping blood sugar balanced. Fatty acid components were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. In addition, the effects of the solvent on the fatty acid yield were investigated. When the results of the analysis were examined, the highest yield was obtained when ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol were used as solvents. Another important solvent is acetone. The least product was achieved when hexane was used as solvent. Linoleic acid and arachidic acid were detected in each type of solvent used. Capric acid, ligroseric acid and nervotic acid, which are important fatty acids, are detected only in methyl alcohol extraction. The ultrasound assisted microwave extraction method was found to be much faster than the traditional Soxhlet extraction method.

Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri dari Bunga Mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) dengan Metode Solvent Free Microwave Extraction

To date, essential oils still play an important role in various aspects of human life. Flowers are essential oil-producing plants that still need to be further explored, of which rose petals (Rosa hybrda L.) are an option for types of flowers that have the potential to produce economical essential oils. In this study, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was used as an essential oil extraction method, which is considered safe because it does not use heat energy and chemical solvents which can be considered to trigger a decrease in the quality of the oil extract. The optimum microwave power in this study is 560 Watt with a yield of 0.0124%. The difference in the value of the feed intake ratio to the volume of the distiller (F/D) influences yield, where the F/D value of 0.15 g/mL gives the highest yield value of 0.0145%. The result of the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis shows rose flower essential oil extract provided a profile of 12 compounds, of which three dominant compounds are β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, and nonadecane. Keywords: Extraction, rose flower petals, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), essential oils Hingga saat ini, minyak atsiri masih memegang peranan penting untuk berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Bunga-bungaan merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih lanjut, yang mana mahkota bunga mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) adalah satu opsi jenis bunga yang berpotensi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) sebagai metode ekstraksi minyak atsiri yang dinilai aman karena tidak menggunakan energi panas dan bahan pelarut kimia yang dapat dianggap memicu penurunan kualitas ekstrak minyak. Daya microwave optimum pada penelitian ini adalah 560 Watt dengan perolehan yield sebesar 0,0124%. Perbedaan nilai rasio feed masuk terhadap volume distiler (F/D) memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil rendemen, yang mana nilai F/D 0,15 g/mL memberikan nilai rendemen tertinggi sebesar 0,0145%. Hasil analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak minyak atsiri bunga mawar memberikan profil 12 senyawa dengan tiga senyawa dominan yaitu β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, dan nonadecane. Kata kunci: Ekstraksi, mahkota bunga mawar, solvent-free microwave extraction