The Effect of Decreasing Temperature on Arthropod Diversity and Abundance in Horse Dung Decomposition Communities of Southeastern Massachusetts

Dung from large mammalian herbivores provides a concentrated food resource, rich in bacteria, nitrogen, and many forms of carbon that support a diverse community of arthropods. Detrital communities, while essential to nutrient cycling, are poorly studied. From July 2010 to October 2010, we sampled these arthropod assemblages using pitfall traps baited with horse dung at five sites southeast of Boston, MA. A total of 396 samples were collected, resulting in 10,299 arthropod specimens. We found a highly diverse group of arthropods dominated by Coleoptera (n=3696) and Diptera (n=3791) and noted the absence of hymenopterans, a group that was dominant in previous studies on these communities. The community had a high level of evenness (0.93 Shannon evenness) and lacked a dominant species, with no one species obtaining more than 7% relative abundance. Species accumulation curves indicate near maximum diversity was reached for each site and the study as a whole (93% maximum calculated Shannon Diversity). A strong effect of seasonality was also observed on the community, as shown by a strong shift in community at the end of August. The community sampled displayed a high similarity to previous studies, indicating a cosmopolitan distribution as well as an opportunistic community.

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The endophytic community of Dactylis glomerata

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.13.2006.3088 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 69-73

Author(s):

SÃ¡nchez MÃ¡rquez ◽

G.F. Bills ◽

I. Zabalgogeazcoa

Keyword(s):

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Molecular Methods ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Species Accumulation ◽

Unknown Species ◽

Ecological Roles ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Endophytic Community

Morphological and molecular methods were used to identify the endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata. Fungal endophytes belonging to 109 different species were isolated from asymptomatic plants sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Species accumulation curves showed that most species commonly infecting this grass have been identified, but the number of singleton species occasionally infecting the plants is likely to increase with more sampling effort. A large endophytic assemblage consisting of fungi with diverse ecological roles, and potentially unknown species was found in a small number of plants. Keywords: endophytes, Dactylis glomerata, diversity, abundance

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Arrive, survive and thrive: essential stages in the re-colonization and recovery of zooplankton in urban lakes in Sudbury, Canada

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1226 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (s2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Norman D. Yan ◽

John Bailey ◽

James C. McGeer ◽

Marina M. Manca ◽

Wendel (Bill) Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Habitat Quality ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Crustacean Zooplankton ◽

Species Introduction ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Ecological Recovery ◽

Regional Reference

The recovery of lakes from severe, historical acid and metal pollution requires that colonists of extirpated species arrive, survive and subsequently thrive. We employed 40 year records from weekly to monthly crustacean zooplankton samples from Middle and Clearwater lakes near Sudbury, Canada, to identify the main mechanistic bottlenecks in this recovery process. While both lakes now have circum-neutral pH, acidity decreased more rapidly in Middle Lake because of past liming interventions, while Clearwater Lake, being larger and supporting more housing, likely receives more zooplankton colonists than Middle Lake. Community richness increased much faster in Middle Lake than in Clearwater Lake, at 1.6 vs 0.9 species decade-1, respectively. Richness has recovered in Middle Lake, when assessed against a target of 9-16 species collection-1 determined from regional reference lakes, but it has not yet recovered in Clearwater Lake. Species accumulation curves and a metric of annual persistence show that this difference is a product not of greater rates of species introduction into Middle Lake, but rather to their greater annual persistence once introduced. Greater annual persistence was associated with better habitat quality (i.e., lower acid and metal toxicity) in Middle Lake, particularly early in the record, and lower planktivore abundance, more recently. These results support a growing consensus that ecological recovery of zooplankton from acidification and metal pollution does not depend strongly on propagule introduction rates which are adequate, but rather on propagule persistence, in lake-rich, suburban landscapes such as those near Sudbury.

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The Acontiinae and Eustrotiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2499.1.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2499 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MICHAEL G. POGUE

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

General Distribution ◽

Flight Period ◽

Image Description ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Additional Species ◽

Great Smoky Mountains ◽

Smoky Mountains ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Elevational Range

Five species of Acontiinae and nine species of Eustrotiinae are known to occur in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Each species is documented with an adult image, description/diagnosis, flight period, park distribution, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts. Species accumulation curves using the abundance-based estimators Chao 1 and ACE, and the incidence-based estimators Chao 2 and ICE are presented for each subfamily. The results from these estimators indicate that the number of species observed is equal to or very close to the number of estimated species and, therefore, it is unlikely that additional species will be added to the fauna of GSMNP in these subfamilies.

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ATTACK BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FOLLOWING SPACING OF MATURE LODGEPOLE PINE (PINACEAE) STANDS

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent131671-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 131 (5) ◽

pp. 671-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

L. Safranyik ◽

T.L. Shore ◽

D.A. Linton

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetle ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Management Practices ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

The Third ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Stick Model

AbstractVariation in bark beetle attack following spacing of mature lodgepole pine stands in the East Kootenays of British Columbia was analyzed in relation to stand location (site), spacing treatment, and harvesting injury. Observations were made on three sites, each having three treatments: 4 × 4 m spacing, 5 × 5 m spacing, and untreated control. There was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of attacked trees among sites or treatments. However, in the spaced plots 94.3% of the attacked trees sustained harvesting injury or were located adjacent to skid trails. Dendroctonus valens LeConte was the dominant species attacking trees on the two drier sites, and Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins was the dominant species on the third site. There was no statistically significant variation in the percentage of attacked stumps among sites or spacing treatments. On average, 80.7% of the stumps were attacked; attacked stumps had larger diameters than unattacked stumps. Thirteen species of bark beetles were found attacking stumps. Hylurgops porosus LeConte was the most numerous species at all three sites. Based on the fit of the Michaelis–Menten equations to species accumulation curves, an estimated 76–90% of the number of species attacking stumps at the three sites were observed in bark samples. Margalef’s index of diversity for the two drier sites (Cranbrook = 1.15, Parson = 1.13) was nearly identical and higher than at the moist site (Elkford = 0.89). Pairs of sites had five to six species in common, and the Sorensen coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.52 to 0.71, indicating moderate similarity in species composition. The abundance versus species rank relationship was fitted by three models: the MacArthur broken stick model, the geometric series, and the Zeta distribution. The latter gave good fit to data from two sites, but none of the fitted models gave satisfactory fit to data from the third site, mainly because of the high abundance of the second ranked species (Orthotomicus caelatus Eichhoff). Our results indicated that stand characteristics affected species assemblages and abundances of bark beetle species that attacked stumps. Management practices that minimize injury to trees during the spacing operations are emphasized to reduce attack by bark beetles.

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Can Observation Skills of Citizen Scientists Be Estimated Using Species Accumulation Curves?

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0139600 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e0139600 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Steve Kelling ◽

Alison Johnston ◽

Wesley M. Hochachka ◽

Marshall Iliff ◽

Daniel Fink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Species Accumulation ◽

Accumulation Curves

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Snakes in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Washington Luiz Silva Vieira ◽

Jayene Aysla Mendonça Brito ◽

Erivágna Rodrigues de Morais ◽

Daniel Chaves Vieira ◽

Kleber Silva Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forest ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest ◽

Dry Tropical Forest ◽

Seasonally Dry ◽

Caatinga Vegetation ◽

Accumulation Curves

Abstract: This study aimed to provide information on composition, abundance, and estimated snakes richness in an area of arboreal Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) and analyze patterns of faunistic similarity between assemblages of snakes in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The snakes found within the Fazenda Almas Natural Private Reserve (RPPN Fazenda Almas) were sampled during a 10-year period, with monthly monitoring, employing time constrained search, pitfall traps with drift fences, and donations from local collectors. Twenty-two snake species were recorded, with a predominance of terrestrial species with diurnal-nocturnal activity patterns. The species accumulation curves reached its asymptote, indicating that all possible species in the study area had been recorded. Our results indicated that the snake fauna in the study area is similar to other snake assemblages in localities with Caatinga vegetation in the Sertaneja Depression (“Depressão Sertaneja”) drylands, and that those assemblages constitute faunistic units typical of the interior of northeastern Brazil.

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Abundância e Diversidade de Coleópteros de Solo em Fragmentos de Capoeira ao Entorno da Zona Urbana do Município de Uruará-PA, Brasil.

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.414 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Reinaldo Lucas Cajaiba ◽

Wully Barreto Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Soil Fauna ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Human Action ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The Impact

A ação humana vem transformando as paisagens florestais em fragmentos isolados de remanescentes, podendo levar muitas espécies à extinção. Desta maneira se faz necessário a realização de estudos para o conhecimento e adequada caracterização da fauna de solo e, por conseguinte sua preservação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a fauna de coleópteros em um fragmento florestal ao entorno da cidade de Uruará, PA. Para tanto, utilizou-se armadilhas tipo pitfall não iscadas para a coleta. O fragmento foi dividido em quatro transectos, com armadilhas instaladas ao longo da borda (T1), 50 m (T2), 100 m (T3) e 200 m (T4). Foram coletados 196 indivíduos, classificados em sete famílias e 34 espécies/morfoespécies. A família que apresentou a maior abundância foi a Curculionidae representando 56,40% da abundância, tendo o gênero Xyleborus sp. a maior dominância. Através do índice de Diversidade de Shanon, observou-se que a área de borda apresentou a menor diversidade e maior dominância (índice de Berger-Parker). Através da curva de acumulação e dos estimadores de espécies, ficou evidenciado que a área de estudo apresenta uma quantidade superior de espécies ao encontrado no presente estudo, e que pesquisas futuras são necessárias para um melhor acompanhamento das alterações que ocorrem nos fragmentos florestais com a finalidade de propor medidas de menor impacto e preservação dessa biodiversidade. Abundance and Diversity of Ground Dwelling Beetles (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Fragments of Shrubbery Vegetation (Capoeira) in the Surroundings of the Urban Zone of Uruará City-PA, Brazil Abstract. Human action has been transforming forest landscapes into isolated fragments, which may lead to the extinction of many species. Therefore, studies should be conducted to provide knowledge and the appropriate characterization of soil fauna, and, consequently, its preservation. This study was aimed to characterize the fauna of beetles in a forest fragment in the surroundings of Uruará city, PA. Unbaited pitfall traps were used for the collection of the beetles. The fragment was divided into four transects, with traps installed along the border (T1), 50 m (T2), 100 m (T3) and 200 m (T4). 196 individuals classified in seven families and 34 species/morphospecies were collected. The most abundant family was the Curculionidae accounting for 56.40% of the abundance, with gender Xyleborus sp. being the most dominant. Measurement with the Shannon Diversity Index for measurement showed lower diversity and greater dominance (Berger-Parker index) in the border area. Using species accumulation curves and estimators it became evident that the study area had a greater number of species than those found in the present study, and that further studies are needed to better monitor changes in forest fragments in order to propose measures to reduce the impact on this biodiversity and preserve it.

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Analysis of grape rootstocks by SSR markers

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.4.1500 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Gizella Jahnke ◽

Gitta Kocsisné Molnár ◽

János Májer ◽

Barna Szöke ◽

Erik Tarczal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

High Similarity ◽

Ssr Analysis ◽

Young Leaves ◽

High Level ◽

Close Relatedness ◽

Vitis Sylvestris

Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the SSR profile of 96 Vitis accessions (mainly rootstocks) at 19 loci to find genetic relatedness between them.Methods and results: The molecular markers used in the last 30 years are not or less affected by the environment, making them a valuable tool for the determination of genetic distances. Based on our former experiences, an SSR analysis was carried out on 96 grape accretions, mainly rootstocks. DNA was extracted from young leaves and analyses were carried out at 19 microsatellite loci. The loci were selected to cover all of the linkage groups to get a more accurate genotyping of each grape rootstock. Results of the SSR analysis and the resulting dendrogram showing genetic relatedness are presented.Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be established, that most of the selected loci showed appropriate polymorphism for the assessment of genetic relatedness. The rootstocks derived from Teleki’s seedlings showed high similarity. A low genetic distance was also detected between the accessions originated from the cross between Börner and Georgikon 28. Finally, the Vitis sylvestris accessions showed close relatedness with the Vitis vinifera L. varieties.Significance and impact of the study: Our results indicate a high level of polymorphism between grape rootstock accessions. Strong differences were detected between the so-called Teleki 5C (T5C) and Teleki-Kober 5BB (T5KBB) “clones”, suggesting that they are not real clones but different genotypes with highly similar morphological features.

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Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) of Porto Mauá, Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest Ecoregion, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-06032014000613 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sabrina Campos Thiele ◽

Oscar Milcharek ◽

Fábio Luis dos Santos ◽

Lucas Augusto Kaminski

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Ecological Corridor ◽

Butterfly Fauna ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest

This paper presents a list of species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) sampled in Porto Mauá municipality (27°34’S, 28°40’W), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly between March 2008 and March 2009. After 204 net-hours of sampling effort, a total of 1,993 individuals from 253 species were recorded. With a single additional expedition, eight new species were added, reaching a total of 261 species recorded in the region of Porto Mauá. These new reports and the species accumulation curves may indicate a much richer fauna. The distribution of richness among butterfly families is compared with other inventories in seasonal semi-deciduous forest areas in the Atlantic Forest. We also discuss the importance of riparian forests of the Uruguay River as an ecological corridor that enables the maintenance of the butterfly fauna on the southern edge of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest Ecoregion.

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Mutualistic Networks in Time and Space

Mutualistic Networks ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691131269.003.0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Jordi Bascompte ◽

Pedro Jordano

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Models ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Point Of View ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Time And Space ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

High Turnover ◽

Accumulation Curves ◽

Mutualistic Networks ◽

Temporal Dimensions

This chapter reviews the combination of empirical and theoretical work describing the dynamics of mutualistic networks in time and space. It also addresses what components of these networks are time and space invariant. On a daily basis, network assembly is intermediate between preferential and random attachment. In a year-to-year scale, there is a very high turnover in species and interactions across years, and yet the global structure of the network is quite constant. Across space, theoretical models predict that plantanimal interactions increase spatial heterogeneity. The spatial and temporal dimensions are also interesting from a more methodological point of view to assess the effect of sampling effort. Interaction accumulation curves are the equivalent of species accumulation curves used in biodiversity monitoring and can be used to assess the role of sampling effort. But important natural history details explain a fraction of the nonobserved links. Therefore, treating missing interactions as the expected unique result of sampling bias would miss important components of the ecological and (co)evolutionary basis of mutualistic networks.

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