scholarly journals Abundância e Diversidade de Coleópteros de Solo em Fragmentos de Capoeira ao Entorno da Zona Urbana do Município de Uruará-PA, Brasil.

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Lucas Cajaiba ◽  
Wully Barreto Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

A ação humana vem transformando as paisagens florestais em fragmentos isolados de remanescentes, podendo levar muitas espécies à extinção. Desta maneira se faz necessário a realização de estudos para o conhecimento e adequada caracterização da fauna de solo e, por conseguinte sua preservação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a fauna de coleópteros em um fragmento florestal ao entorno da cidade de Uruará, PA. Para tanto, utilizou-se armadilhas tipo pitfall não iscadas para a coleta. O fragmento foi dividido em quatro transectos, com armadilhas instaladas ao longo da borda (T1), 50 m (T2), 100 m (T3) e 200 m (T4). Foram coletados 196 indivíduos, classificados em sete famílias e 34 espécies/morfoespécies. A família que apresentou a maior abundância foi a Curculionidae representando 56,40% da abundância, tendo o gênero Xyleborus sp. a maior dominância. Através do índice de Diversidade de Shanon, observou-se que a área de borda apresentou a menor diversidade e maior dominância (índice de Berger-Parker). Através da curva de acumulação e dos estimadores de espécies, ficou evidenciado que a área de estudo apresenta uma quantidade superior de espécies ao encontrado no presente estudo, e que pesquisas futuras são necessárias para um melhor acompanhamento das alterações que ocorrem nos fragmentos florestais com a finalidade de propor medidas de menor impacto e preservação dessa biodiversidade. Abundance and Diversity of Ground Dwelling Beetles (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Fragments of Shrubbery Vegetation (Capoeira) in the Surroundings of the Urban Zone of Uruará City-PA, Brazil   Abstract. Human action has been transforming forest landscapes into isolated fragments, which may lead to the extinction of many species. Therefore, studies should be conducted to provide knowledge and the appropriate characterization of soil fauna, and, consequently, its preservation. This study was aimed to characterize the fauna of beetles in a forest fragment in the surroundings of Uruará city, PA. Unbaited pitfall traps were used for the collection of the beetles. The fragment was divided into four transects, with traps installed along the border (T1), 50 m (T2), 100 m (T3) and 200 m (T4). 196 individuals classified in seven families and 34 species/morphospecies were collected. The most abundant family was the Curculionidae accounting for 56.40% of the abundance, with gender Xyleborus sp. being the most dominant. Measurement with the Shannon Diversity Index for measurement showed lower diversity and greater dominance (Berger-Parker index) in the border area. Using species accumulation curves and estimators it became evident that the study area had a greater number of species than those found in the present study, and that further studies are needed to better monitor changes in forest fragments in order to propose measures to reduce the impact on this biodiversity and preserve it.

scholarly journals Floristic Composition and Community Structure of Epiphytic Angiosperms in an Urban Forest Fragment in the Eastern Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josélia Rozanny Vieira Pacheco ◽  
Felipe Fajardo Villela Antolin Barberena
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes

Vascular epiphytes are one of the most important forest components, contributing to microclimatic maintenance. These plants find ideal conditions for development in the Amazon due to the spatial heterogeneity and high temperature and humidity typical of this biome. In recent years, the Brazilian Amazon has undergone dramatic changes in its landscape, mainly due to the increase in deforestation and fire rates. We present here the floristic composition and analyze the community structure of epiphytic angiosperms of an urban forest fragment in Eastern Amazon. A total of 71 epiphytic individuals were recorded belonging to eight species and four families. Orchidaceae was the most representative family, corroborating the pattern for surveys of epiphytic diversity in the Neotropical region. Epiphytic species were found on 24 individuals of 10 tree species. The epiphytic importance value (IVe) was low for all species, except for Aechmea tocantina and Rhipsalis baccifera. Cactaceae was the family with the highest IVe. Most epiphytes were found in the crown of trees (83.1%). The diversity index of the fragment was H’ = 1.80 and the equity index was J= 0.87, reflecting the absence of highly dominant species. Conservation of urban forest fragments is necessary for the maintenance of epiphytic flora and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Short communication. The role of rabbit density and the diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops in olive groves

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e03SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guerrero-Casado ◽  
Antonio J. Carpio ◽  
Laura M. Prada ◽  
Francisco S. Tortosa
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cover crops are an effective means to reduce soil erosion and to provide food and shelter for wildlife. However, in areas of intensive farming, which are characterised by the scarcity of weed communities, wild herbivores may focus their grazing on cover crops, which could make their implementation difficult. In this work, we test whether rabbit grazing can prevent the growth of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves in Southern Spain in addition to assessing the role of rabbit abundance and diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops. This question has been addressed by sowing <em>Bromus rubens</em> between the rows of five olive groves in Cordoba province (Spain). We then monitored the surface covered by <em>B. rubens,</em> along with both diversity of weed communities and rabbit abundance. Two rabbit exclusion areas were also placed in each olive grove in order to assess the impact of rabbits on the development of cover crops. Our results showed that the surface occupied by <em>B. rubens</em> was considerably higher in the rabbit exclusion areas (mean 56.8 ± 5.65 %) than in those areas in which they could feed (mean 35.6 ± 4.32 %). The coverage occupied by cover crops was higher in areas with lower rabbit density, although this relationship was modulated by the weed diversity index, since in areas with the same rabbit abundance the coverage was higher in those with a richer weed community. These findings suggest that high rabbit abundances can prevent the development of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves, particularly in areas in which alternative food resources (measured as weed diversity) are scarce.</p>

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURAL DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA, EM CURITIBA, PR – BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Marques Rondon Neto ◽  
Carina Kozera ◽  
Regina do Rocio De Andrade ◽  
Adriana Trippia Cecy ◽  
Ana Paula Hummes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris ◽  
Index Value

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a composição florística e a estrutura dos indivíduos arbóreos com DAP ³ 5cm presentes em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Floresta com Araucária), denominado “Capão do Tigre”, situado em Curitiba - PR. Em dezoito parcelas de 10 x 20m foram inventariados 710 indivíduos, distribuídos em 77 espécies, pertencentes a 36 famílias e 55 gêneros. O valor do índice de diversidade Shannon para as espécies foi de 3,437. A densidade total estimada foi de 1.972 indivíduos/ha e os valores médios de DAP e altura encontrados foram 11,6 cm e 8,2 m, respectivamente. De acordo com o parâmetro valor de importância ampliado, as espécies mais importantes foram Casearia sylvestris, Allophylus edulis, Luehea divaricata, Araucaria angustifolia, Cupania vernalis, Ocotea corymbosa, Ocotea nutans, Jacaranda puberula, Mollinedia clavigera e Solanum sanctae-catharinae. FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A FRAGMENT OF MIXED OMBROPHYLOUS FOREST IN CURITIBA, PR - BRAZIL Abstract The aim of this paper was to know the floristic composition and the structureof a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest fragment (Araucaria Forest), named “Capão do Tigre”, situated in Curitiba - PR. It was inventoried 710 trees individuous in eighteen 10 x 20 m plots with DBH ³ 5cm, distributed in 77 species from 55 gender and 36 families. The Shannon diversity index value was 3,437 for the species. The total density found was 1.972 individuous/ha, and the medium DBH and height was 11,6 cm and 8,2 m, respectively. Acording to the parameters of Amplieted Importance Value, the most important species are: Casearia sylvestris, Allophylus edulis, Luehea divaricata, Araucaria angustifolia, Cupania vernalis, Ocotea corymbosa, Ocotea nutans, Jacaranda puberula, Mollinedia clavigera e Solanum sanctae-catharinae.

scholarly journals ABUNDANCE OF TREES USED AS FOOD BY PRIMATES IN FRAGMENTS OF ATLANTIC FOREST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Valdecir Da Silva ◽  
Vera Lúcia da Silva ◽  
Válter Da Silva ◽  
Dimítri De Araújo Costa ◽  
Francisco De Assis da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Historical Factors

Forest fragmentation favours the propagation of some arboreal primate species that can alter the floristic composition of a community. This process may be associated with the loss of seed dispersants. In this work we propose to identify if the presence of frugivorous primates of medium and large size (Sapajus flavius and Alouatta belzebul) can influence forest diversity and structure. Further, we ask if the size of the fragment affects the availability of resources for these primates. Three fragments were studied in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Paraíba, Brazil, located in the municipalities of Sapé, Mamanguape, Rio Tinto, and Mataraca. In each area 25 plots of 50 x 4 m were delimited, randomly distributed along trails and transects. All trees with chest-high circumferences (CAP) above 12 cm found within the plots were marked with ribbons, and numbered continuously. A total of 114 plant species were documented in the Pacatuba Forest, 79 in the Asplan Forest, and 97 in the “Guaribas” (Sema III) Biological Reserve (REBIO) Forest. According to the Chao and Jacknife estimators, the REBIO Guaribas Forest can present more species than recorded in the present investigation. Species Tapirira guianensis, Protium giganteum and Protium heptaphyllum are the most abundant in the Asplan, Pacatuba and Sema III Forests, respectively. In the REBIO Guaribas Forest, the Shannon diversity index was (H') = 3.75, the Alpha-Fisher index was = 26.57 and the Simpson index (1-D) was = 0.90. Pacatuba was the forest fragment with the highest index of diversity (H') = 375, Alpha-Fischer = 33.74 and Simpson (1-D) = 0.95. Pacatuba and REBIO Guaribas Forsts possess greater Beta diversity. The results suggest that local and historical factors possibly increase Beta diversity, contributing to the increase in resources used as food by primates. Therefore, the presence of primates of medium and large size in the Pacatuba Forest may affect the diversity of resources, contributing to the dispersion of large fruits and seeds. The presence of primates of medium and large size can thus contribute to the preservation of floristic diversity in forest fragments.

Species diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in forest fragments, primary forests, and savannas in central Amazonia, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Bernard ◽  
M Brock Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species List ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Richness Estimators ◽  
Primary Forests

The exact number of species of bats in Brazilian Amazonia is not precisely known because relatively few sites have been surveyed in detail. Here we present an updated species list of the bats of Alter do Chão at the delta of the Tapajós River in Pará State. Using mist nets and acoustic monitoring of echolocation calls we systematically surveyed 5 forest sites, 14 natural forest fragments, and 12 savanna sites. We captured 3978 bats representing 70 species, 40 genera, and 7 families. Fifty species were recorded in savannas, 44 in forest sites, and 41 in forest fragments. The mean capture rate was higher in savanna and forest sites (0.747 and 0.741 bats/mist-net-hour (mnh), respectively) than in forest fragments (0.483 bats/mnh). Our list includes new records for Brazil and extends knowledge of the distribution of some species. Species-accumulation curves and species-richness estimators indicate that 75–100 bat species occur at Alter do Chão, suggesting that our inventory recorded approximately 67–89% of the bat fauna there. Using cluster analysis we compared the bat fauna at Alter do Chão with the faunas from 17 other sites in the Neotropics. There was 65% similarity with the fauna from Manaus (Brazil), 60% with that from Iwokrama (Guyana), and 57% with that from Paracou (Franch Guiana). Aspects of the conservation status of some species present at Alter do Chão are discussed.

scholarly journals Diversity, community structure and conservation status of an Atlantic Forest fragment in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Costa Cysneiros ◽  
Joaquim de Oliveira Mendonça-Junior ◽  
Tatiana Dias Gaui ◽  
Denise Monte Braz
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Forest Remnant

The State of Rio de Janeiro still holds unknown portions of the Atlantic Forest, which represent gaps in the knowledge of this ecosystem. Paracambi and neighbor municipal districts comprise a vast stretch of virtually unknown forest that makes up part of the Serra do Mar biodiversity corridor. The following study describes the tree community structure in a stretch of the ombrophilous Atlantic Forest, in the Parque Natural Municipal do Curió (Curio MNP), Paracambi, Rio de Janeiro, which serves as the basis to evaluate species diversity and conservation status. The altitudes in the area ranges from 100 to 690 m and the climate varies from mild subtropical to tropical hot and humid. Forty plots (10x10m) were randomly placed along the area, where all the stems equal to or greater than five centimeters (5 cm) diameter at breast high from ground level were measured. A total of 749 individuals, pertaining to 128 genera and 210 species were recorded, eight of which are listed as threatened of extinction in the Brazilian flora. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′) was 4.7 nat.ind.-1 and the species with greater importance value was Pseudopiptadenia contorta (1.6460 m2; 18 individuals) while the most common species wereSenefeldera vertcilata (48) and Actinostemon verticilatus (47 individuals). Despite the sample area being a little smaller than that commonly adopted in tropical studies, data pointed to a richness hitherto not registered in any other study for the State of Rio de Janeiro, no matter the inclusion criteria used, and also confirmed by the two estimator indices used, which have revealed very similar results. The vertical forest structure, the values associated to the successional stage of the species and other aspects of community structure indicate that the Curio MNP encompasses forest stretches in advanced stages of ecological succession. Besides its key location for the connectivity of forest fragments in the region, the results emphasize the ecological importance of this forest remnant and the need for its conservation.

scholarly journals Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from domestic animals in a rural area surrounding Atlantic dry forest fragments in Teodoro Sampaio municipality, State of São Paulo, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
Mikaela Renata Funada ◽  
Sheila de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Alessandra Nava ◽  
Leonardo José Richtzenhain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in domestic animals in rural properties surrounding rain forest fragments within the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio, southeastern Brazil. Conventional sucrose flotation method followed by molecular characterization of the parasites by sequencing PCR products amplified from SSU rRNA gene were used. Stool samples were collected from domestic animals raised as pets and livestock in all rural properties surrounding three forest fragments. Samples from cattle (197), equine (63), pigs (25), sheep (11), and dogs (28) were collected from 98 rural properties. The frequency of occurrence of Cryptosporidium within each animal species was 3.0% (6/197) among cattle and 10.7% (3/28) among dogs. Cryptosporidium was not detected in stool samples from equine, sheep, and pigs. All sequences obtained from the six samples of calves showed molecular identity with Cryptosporidium andersoni while all sequences from dog samples were similar to C. canis. The frequency of occurrence of Cryptosporidium in these domestic animal species was low. The absence of C. parvum in the present study suggests that the zoonotic cycle of cryptosporidiosis may not be relevant in the region studied. The presence of Cryptosporidium species seldom described in humans may be, otherwise, important for the wild fauna as these animals are a source of infection and dissemination of this protozoan to other animal species. The impact and magnitude of infection by C. andersoni in wild ruminants and C. canis in wild canids have to be assessed in future studies to better understand the actual importance of these species in this region.

scholarly journals Abundância e Diversidade de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) em Fragmento e Reflorestamento no Norte do Paraná

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Comar ◽  
Thais dos Santos Vicente ◽  
Thaciana Lopes Coppo ◽  
José Lopes ◽  
João Antonio Cyrino Zequi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Swine Feces ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The City

Resumo. Besouros Staphylinidae são importantes insetos da fauna edáfica por auxiliarem na facilitação da reciclagem de matéria orgânica animal ou vegetal e contribuir na fertilização do solo. Com a diminuição da vegetação nativa, algumas espécies de estafilinídeos têm dispersado e colonizado áreas antrópicas. Objetivou-se comparar abundância e diversidade de Staphylinidae em área de fragmento florestal e reflorestamento de mata ciliar. As coletas foram realizadas de março de 2007 a março de 2008 no município de Rancho Alegre – Paraná. Utilizaram-se armadilhas do tipo pitfall, sem atrativo e iscadas com banana madura, carne bovina moída e fezes suína. Foram coletados 743 espécimes de Staphylinidae, sendo 18,44% dos indivíduos provenientes do fragmento florestal e 81,56% do reflorestamento. O gênero Coproporus foi o mais abundante, com 46,43% do total coletado. A morfoespécie mais representativa na área de reflorestamento foi Coproporus sp.1 (39,77%) e no fragmento florestal Aleocharinae sp.1 com 27,0%. Bryoporus sp.1 e Pselaphinae sp.1 foram capturados unicamente no fragmento. Homaeotarsus sp.1, Staphylininaesp.1 e Xenopygus sp.1foram encontrados somente na área de recuperação, apresentando-se como espécies singleton. A maior atratividade foi em armadilhas iscadas com  banana. A semelhança entre as áreas em relação à diversidade (fragmento H’= 0,7673 e reflorestamento H’ = 0,6720) e alta similaridade (S=0,7826) entre estes dois habitats, indica que os estafilinídeos podem ser oportunistas e, portanto, possíveis bioindicadores de áreas degradadas.Abundance and Diversity of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in Fragment and Reforestation in Northern ParanáAbstract. Staphylinidae beetles are important insects of the soil fauna to assist in facilitating the recycling of organic animal or vegetable matter and contribute to soil fertilization. The decline of native vegetation,  made species of staphylinid  and scattered  colonized anthropogenic areas. The objective was to compare abundance and diversity of Staphylinidae in a forest fragment area and riparian reforestation. Samples were collected from March 2007 to March 2008 in the city of Rancho Alegre - Paraná. They were pitfall traps of the type, unattractive and baited with ripe bananas, ground beef and swine feces. Were collected 743 specimens of Staphylinidae, being 18.44% of the individuals from the forest fragment and 81.56% of reforestation. The Coproporus gender was the most abundant, with 46.43% of the total collected. The most representative morphospecies in the reforestation area was Coproporus sp.1 (39.77%) and forest fragment Aleocharinae sp.1 with 27.0%.  Bryoporus sp.1 and Pselaphinae sp.1 were captured only in the fragment. Homaeotarsus sp.1, Staphylininae sp.1 and Xenopygus sp.1 were found only in the recovery area, presenting itself as singleton species. The biggest attraction was in traps baited with banana. The similarity between areas in relation to diversity (fragment H'= 0.7673 and reforestation H' = 0.6720) and high similarity (S = 0.7826) between these two habitats, indicates that staphylinid can be opportunistic and, therefore, possible bio-indicators of degraded areas.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E FITOSSOCIOLÓGICA DO COMPONENTE LENHOSO DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL DE CAATINGA EM SERRA DO MEL, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
Mary Regina de Souza ◽  
Maria Beatriz Ferreira ◽  
Geovana Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Allyson Rocha Alves ◽  
Alan Cauê de Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Bauhinia Forficata ◽  
Phytosociological Study ◽  
Mimosa Tenuiflora

A caatinga apresenta uma diversidade de fisionomias e um enorme quadro de degradação, sendo importantes os estudos relacionados a fitossociologia para a caracterização da vegetação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo de florística e fitossociologia em um fragmento florestal de caatinga no município de Serra do Mel no Rio Grande do Norte. Para realização do estudo foi realizado um levantamento da vegetação adotando-se a Amostragem Inteiramente Aleatória, onde foram marcadas 10 unidades amostrais de 20 x 20 m (400 m²). Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos florestais arbustivos-arbóreos vivos com CAP ≥ 6 cm. Foram avaliados todos os parâmetros fitossociológicos da estrutura horizontal e vertical, a diversidade florística das espécies através do Índice de Shannon-Weaver (H’), dominância de Simpson (C) e equabilidade de Pielou (J’). No levantamento foram encontradas 7 famílias, 12 gêneros e 12 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies e de indivíduos foram a Fabaceae e Euphorbiaceae. Croton blanchetianus, Mimosa tenuiflora, Bauhinia forficata, Mimosa ophthalmocentra e Poincianella pyramidalis foram as espécies que assumiram maior importância na área de estudo sob os aspectos fitossociológicos. A área do presente estudo apresenta baixa diversidade de espécies se comparada com outros fragmentos florestais de caatinga já estudados. Palavras-chave: Estrutura; Diversidade; Caatinga. FLORISTIC-PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WOODY COMPONENT IN A CAATINGA FRAGMENT IN SERRA DO MEL, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL ABSTRACT:The caatinga presents a diversity of physiognomies and a huge degradation picture, being important the studies related to phytosociology for the characterization of the vegetation. The aim of this work was to carry out a floristic and phytosociological study in a forest fragment of caatinga in Serra do Mel, Rio Grande do Norte. To carry out the study, a survey of the vegetation was performed adopting the Random Sampling, where 10 sample units of 20 x 20 m (400 m²) were marked. All living shrubby-arboreal forest individuals with CAP ≥ 6 cm were sampled. All phytosociological parameters of horizontal and vertical structure, floristic diversity of species was evaluated through Shannon-Weaver Index (H'), Simpson dominance (C) and Pielou equability (J'). The analytic survey found 7 families, 12 genera and 12 species. The families with the largest number of species and individuals were Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Croton blanchetianus, Mimosa tenuiflora, Bauhinia forficata, Mimosa ophthalmocentra and Poincianella pyramidalis were the most important species in the study area under phytosociological aspects. The area of the present study presents low species diversity compared to other forest fragments of caatinga already studied.Keywords: Phytosociology; diversity; Caatinga.

scholarly journals Effects of Graphene on Bacterial Community Diversity and Soil Environments of Haplic Cambisols in Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Song ◽  
Chengwei Duan ◽  
Ying Sang ◽  
Shaoping Wu ◽  
Jiaxin Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Bacterial Community Diversity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Graphene is the thinnest and toughest two-dimensional nanomaterial yet discovered. However, it inevitably enters the biosphere, where it may pose potential risks to ecosystems. We investigated the impact of applied graphene concentrations on bacterial community diversity, physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities of Haplic Cambisols, the zonal soil of Northeastern China. Soils receiving 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg kg−1 of graphene were incubated for 7, 15, 30, 60, or 90 days. Adding graphene significantly increased the community richness and diversity index of the bacterial community in Haplic Cambisols, as well as their abundances, but this impact varied with graphene concentration and incubation time. Compared with 0 mg kg−1 of graphene applied, soil bacteria abundance and diversity increased significantly during early stages of incubation (i.e., 7 and 15 days) under different concentrations of graphene, and was inhibited or remained unchanged by a longer incubation time, reaching a minima at 60 days but then following an upward trend. Graphene treatments influenced the bacterial community structure and metabolic function in Haplic Cambisols, and the bacterial community’s metabolic regulation mechanism varied with both incubation time and graphene concentration. The rank order of bacterial similarity in soils treated with graphene was 15 > 7 > 30 > 60 > 90 days. Throughout the incubation periods, except for a few unidentified bacteria, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in the soil samples were the highest, with the number of Pseudomonas of Proteobacteria being particularly large. The rank order of bacterial abundance at the phylum level in Haplic Cambisols was 15 > 7 > 30 > 90 > 60 days. Graphene also influenced bacterial community diversity by affecting several key soil environmental factors, such as organic matter and hydrolytic nitrogen contents, as well as urease and catalase activities.

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