Review of the Genus Andropogon (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) in America Based on Cytogenetic Studies

Andropogon is a pantropical grass genus comprising 100–120 species and found mainly in the grasslands of Africa and the Americas. In the new world the genus is represented by approximately sixty (diploids or hexaploids) species grouped in three sections. The hexaploid condition occurs only in the Americas and the full process of this origin is still uncertain, although cytogenetic analysis coupled with taxonomic evidence have provided strong support for new hypothesis. Stebbins proposed the first hypothesis suggesting that the origin of polyploidy in species of Andropogon in North America resulted from duplication of the genome of some diploid species, and then by intergeneric crosses with species of a related genus. Since then, numerous studies were performed to clarify the evolutionary history of the genus in America. In this paper, we present a review of cytogenetic studies in the American Andropogon species during the last four decades.

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Evolutionary history of New World ticks of the genus Dermacentor (Ixodida: Ixodidae), and the origin of D. variabilis

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/biolinnean/blz063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 (4) ◽

pp. 863-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paula Lado ◽

Hans Klompen

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

New World ◽

Dermacentor Variabilis ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Western North America ◽

Land Bridge ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽

History Of ◽

Migration Event

Abstract This study integrates biogeographical and phylogenetic data to determine the evolutionary history of the New World Dermacentor, and the origin of D. variabilis. The phylogenetic reconstructions presented here strongly support the hypothesis of an Afrotropical origin for Dermacentor, with later dispersal to Eurasia and the Nearctic. Phylogenetic and biogeographical data suggest that the genus reached the New World through the Beringia land bridge, from south-east Asia. The monophyly of the genus is supported, and most of the New World Dermacentor species appear as monophyletic. Dermacentor occidentals constitutes the sister lineage of D. variabilis, and the latter is subdivided into two well-supported clades: an eastern and a western clade. The western clade is genetically more variable than the eastern. The genus Dermacentor probably originated in Africa, and dispersed to the Palearctic and then to the New World through the Beringian route. Dermacentor variabilis appears to have originated in western North America, and then dispersed to eastern North America, probably in a single migration event.

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Evolutionary history of alpine and subalpineDaphniain western North America

Freshwater Biology ◽

10.1111/fwb.12152 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 1512-1522 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Brooks E. Miner ◽

Roland A. Knapp ◽

John K. Colbourne ◽

Michael E. Pfrender

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Western North America ◽

History Of

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The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) in Africa

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v14i3/4.1252 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (3/4) ◽

pp. 845-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W. H. Eshbaugh

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

New World ◽

Slave Trade ◽

Old World ◽

Trade Routes ◽

Local Phenomenon ◽

History Of ◽

Genus Capsicum ◽

Large Acreage

The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) includes approximately 20 wild species and 4-5 domesticated taxa commonly referred to as ‘chilies’ or ‘peppers’. The pre-Colombian distribution of the genus was New World. The evolutionary history of the genus is now envisaged as including three distinct lines leading to the domesticated taxa. The route of Capsicum to the Old World is thought to have followed three different courses. First, explorers introduced it to Europe with secondary introduction into Africa via further exploratory expeditions; second, botanical gardens played a major role in introduction; and third, introduction followed the slave trade routes. Today, pepper production in Africa is of two types, vegetable and spice. Statistical profiles on production are difficult to interpret, but the data available indicate that Nigeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Ghana are the leading producers. Production is mainly a local phenomenon and large acreage is seldom devoted to the growing of peppers. The primary peppers in Africa are C. annuum and C. frutescens.

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Old World and New World Phasmatodea: Phylogenomics Resolve the Evolutionary History of Stick and Leaf Insects

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2019.00345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sabrina Simon ◽

Harald Letsch ◽

Sarah Bank ◽

Thomas R. Buckley ◽

Alexander Donath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

New World ◽

Old World ◽

History Of

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The evolutionary history of haptophytes and cryptophytes: phylogenomic evidence for separate origins

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2011.2301 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 279 (1736) ◽

pp. 2246-2254 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Fabien Burki ◽

Noriko Okamoto ◽

Jean-François Pombert ◽

Patrick J. Keeling

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Expressed Sequence Tag ◽

Level Data ◽

Guillardia Theta ◽

History Of ◽

The Common ◽

Genome Level ◽

Phylogenomic Analyses ◽

New Hypothesis ◽

Expressed Sequence

An important missing piece in the puzzle of how plastids spread across the eukaryotic tree of life is a robust evolutionary framework for the host lineages. Four assemblages are known to harbour plastids derived from red algae and, according to the controversial chromalveolate hypothesis, these all share a common ancestry. Phylogenomic analyses have consistently shown that stramenopiles and alveolates are closely related, but haptophytes and cryptophytes remain contentious; they have been proposed to branch together with several heterotrophic groups in the newly erected Hacrobia. Here, we tested this question by producing a large expressed sequence tag dataset for the katablepharid Roombia truncata , one of the last hacrobian lineages for which genome-level data are unavailable, and combined this dataset with the recently completed genome of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta to build an alignment composed of 258 genes. Our analyses strongly support haptophytes as sister to the SAR group, possibly together with telonemids and centrohelids. We also confirmed the common origin of katablepharids and cryptophytes, but these lineages were not related to other hacrobians; instead, they branch with plants. Our study resolves the evolutionary position of haptophytes, an ecologically critical component of the oceans, and proposes a new hypothesis for the origin of cryptophytes.

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CrypticOnchocercaspecies infecting North American cervids, with implications for the evolutionary history of host associations inOnchocerca

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182012001758 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 140 (10) ◽

pp. 1201-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

QUINN S. McFREDERICK ◽

TAMARA S. HASELKORN ◽

GUILHERME G. VEROCAI ◽

JOHN JAENIKE

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

North America ◽

Northwest Territories ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Upstate New York ◽

Zoonotic Infections ◽

Limited Sampling ◽

History Of ◽

New Hosts

SUMMARYParasites in the genusOnchocercainfect humans, ruminants, camels, horses, suids, and canids, with effects ranging from relatively benign to debilitating. In North America,Onchocerca cervipedisis the sole species known to infect cervids, while at least 5Onchocercaspecies infect Eurasian cervids. In this study, we report the discovery of a cervid-parasitizingOnchocercaonly distantly related toO. cervipedis. To reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genusOnchocerca, we used newly acquired DNA sequence fromO. cervipedis(from moose in Northwest Territories, Canada) and from the newly discovered species (from white-tailed deer in upstate New York), as well as previously published sequences. Ancestral host reconstructions suggest that host switches have been common throughout the evolutionary history ofOnchocerca, and that bovid- and cervid-parasitizing species have been particularly important sources of descendant species. North America cervids might therefore serve as a source forOnchocercainvasions into new hosts. Given the high density of deer populations, the potential for zoonotic infections may also exist. Our discovery of a newOnchocercaspecies with relatively limited sampling suggests that the diversity ofOnchocercaassociated with cervids in North America may be greater than previously thought, and surveys utilizing molecules and morphology are necessary.

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Insights on the process of reciprocal gene loss in the duplicate DPL genes of rice

10.21203/rs.2.19306/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xun Xu ◽

Song Ge ◽

Fu-min Zhang

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Gene Loss ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Duplicate Genes ◽

Evolutionary Divergence ◽

Dna Transposons ◽

B Genome ◽

A Genome ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Reciprocal gene loss (RGL) of duplicate genes is an important genetic resource of reproductive isolation, which is essential for speciation. In the past decades, various RGL patterns have been revealed, but RGL process is still poorly understood. The RGL of the duplicate DOPPELGANGER1 (DPL1) and DOPPELGANGER2 (DPL2) gene can lead to BDM-type hybrid incompatibility between two rice subspecies. The evolutionary history of the duplicate genes, including their origin and mechanism of duplication as well as their evolutionary divergence after the duplication, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of the duplicate genes for gaining insights into the process of RGL.Results: We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of DPL copies from all 15 diploid species representing six genome types of rice genus and then found that all the DPL copies from the latest diverged A- and B-genome gather into one monophyletic clade. Southern blot analysis also detected definitely two DPL copies only in A- and B-genome. High conserved collinearity can be observed between A- and B-genomic segments containing DPL1 and DPL2 respectively but not between DPL1 and DPL2 segments. Investigations of transposon elements indicated that DPL duplication is related to DNA transposons. Likelihood-based analyses with branch models showed a relaxation of selective constraint in DPL1 lineage but an enhancement in DPL2 lineage after DPL duplication. Sequence analysis also indicated that quite a few defective DPL1 can be found in 6 wild and cultivated species out of all 8 species of A-genome but only one defective DPL2 occurs in a cultivated rice subspecies. Conclusions: DPL duplication of rice originated in the recent common ancestor of A- and B-genome about 6.76 million years ago and the duplication was possibly caused by DNA transposons. The DPL1 is a redundant copy and has being in the process of pseudogenization, suggesting that artificial selection may play an important role in forming the RGL of DPLs between two rice subspecies during the domestication.

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Tarantula phylogenomics: A robust phylogeny of multiple tarantula lineages inferred from transcriptome data sheds light on the prickly issue of urticating setae evolution

10.1101/501262 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen Foley ◽

Tim Lueddecke ◽

Dong-Qiang Chen ◽

Henrik Krehenwinkel ◽

Sven Kuenzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

Strong Support ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Ancestral State ◽

Transcriptome Data ◽

Large Size ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Almost All ◽

First Time

Mygalomorph spiders of the family Theraphosidae, known to the broader public as tarantulas, are among the most recognizable arachnids on earth due to their large size and widespread distribution. Their use of urticating setae is a notable adaptation that has evolved exclusively in certain New World theraphosids. Thus far, the evolutionary history of Theraphosidae remains poorly understood; theraphosid systematics still largely relies on morphological datasets, which suffer from high degrees of homoplasy, and traditional targeted sequencing of preselected genes failed to provide strong support for supra-generic clades (i.e. particularly those broader than subfamilies). In this study, we provide the first robust phylogenetic hypothesis of theraphosid evolution inferred from transcriptome data. A core ortholog approach was used to generate a phylogeny from 2460 orthologous genes across 25 theraphosid genera, representing all of the major theraphosid subfamilies, except Selenogyrinae. For the first time our phylogeny recovers a monophyletic group that comprises the vast majority of New World theraphosid subfamilies including Aviculariinae and Theraphosinae. Concurrently, we provide additional evidence for the integrity of questionable subfamilies, such as Poecilotheriinae and Psalmopoeinae, and support the non-monophyly of Ischnocolinae. The deeper relationships between almost all subfamilies are confidently inferred for the first time. We also used our phylogeny in tandem with published morphological data to perform ancestral state analyses on urticating setae. This revealed that the evolution of this important defensive trait might be explained by three equally parsimonious scenarios.

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Updating the Bibliography of Interbreeding among Canis in North America

Journal of Heredity ◽

10.1093/jhered/esaa004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 249-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bridgett M vonHoldt ◽

Matthew L Aardema

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Past Research ◽

Early 20Th Century ◽

The Past ◽

Endangered Species Management ◽

Species Management ◽

History Of ◽

And Behavior ◽

Experimental Crosses

Abstract This bibliography provides a collection of references that documents the evolution of studies evidencing interbreeding among Canis species in North America. Over the past several decades, advances in biology and genomic technology greatly improved our ability to detect and characterize species interbreeding, which has significance for understanding species in a changing landscape as well as for endangered species management. This bibliography includes a discussion within each category of interbreeding, the timeline of developing evidence, and includes a review of past research conducted on experimental crosses. Research conducted in the early 20th century is rich with detailed records and photographs of hybrid offspring development and behavior. With the progression of molecular methods, studies can estimate historical demographic parameters and detect chromosomal patterns of ancestry. As these methods continue to increase in accessibility, the field will gain a deeper and richer understanding of the evolutionary history of North American Canis.

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