Changes in Heart Rate Variability of Depressed Patients after Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objective. As few, small studies have examined the impact of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) upon the heart rate variability of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), we sought to confirm whether ECT-associated improvement in depressive symptoms would be associated with increases in HRV linear and nonlinear parameters. Methods. After providing consent, depressed study participants (n=21) completed the Beck Depression Index (BDI), and 15-minute Holter monitor recordings, prior to their 1st and 6th ECT treatments. Holter recordings were analyzed for certain HRV indices: root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low-frequency component (LF)/high-frequency component (HF) and short-(SD1) versus long-term (SD2) HRV ratios. Results. There were no significant differences in the HRV indices of RMSDD, LF/HF, and SD1/SD2 between the patients who responded, and those who did not, to ECT. Conclusion. In the short term, there appear to be no significant improvement in HRV in ECT-treated patients whose depressive symptoms respond versus those who do not. Future studies will reveal whether diminished depressive symptoms with ECT are reliably associated with improved sympathetic/parasympathetic balance over the long-term, and whether acute changes in sympathetic/parasympathetic balance predict improved mental- and cardiac-related outcomes.

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Assessment of autonomic function by long-term heart rate variability: beyond the classical framework of LF and HF measurements

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ◽

10.1186/s40101-021-00272-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Junichiro Hayano ◽

Emi Yuda

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Component ◽

High Frequency Component ◽

Short Term ◽

Heart Rate Turbulence ◽

Free Running

AbstractIn the assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV), the framework that the power of high-frequency component or its surrogate indices reflects parasympathetic activity, while the power of low-frequency component or LF/HF reflects sympathetic activity has been used as the theoretical basis for the interpretation of HRV. Although this classical framework has contributed greatly to the widespread use of HRV for the assessment of autonomic function, it was obtained from studies of short-term HRV (typically 5‑10 min) under tightly controlled conditions. If it is applied to long-term HRV (typically 24 h) under free-running conditions in daily life, erroneous conclusions could be drawn. Also, long-term HRV could contain untapped useful information that is not revealed in the classical framework. In this review, we discuss the limitations of the classical framework and present studies that extracted autonomic function indicators and other useful biomedical information from long-term HRV using novel approaches beyond the classical framework. Those methods include non-Gaussianity index, HRV sleep index, heart rate turbulence, and the frequency and amplitude of cyclic variation of heart rate.

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Heart Rate Variability Duration: Expanding the Ability of Wearable Technology to Improve Outpatient Monitoring?

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

David C. Sheridan ◽

Karyssa N. Domingo ◽

Ryan Dehart ◽

Steven D. Baker

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Time Windows ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Component ◽

Wearable Technology ◽

Mental Health Research ◽

High Frequency Component ◽

Frequency Domains

Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluates beat-to-beat interval (BBI) differences and is a suggested marker of the autonomic nervous system with diagnostic/monitoring capabilities in mental health; especially parasympathetic measures. The standard duration for short-term HRV analysis ranges from 24 h down to 5-min. However, wearable technology, mainly wrist devices, have large amounts of motion at times resulting in need for shorter duration of monitoring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between 1 and 5 min segments of continuous HRV data collected simultaneously on the same patient. Subjects wore a patch electrocardiograph (Cardea Solo, Inc.) over a 1–7 day period. For every consecutive hour the patch was worn, we selected a 5-min, artifact-free electrocardiogram segment. HRV metric calculation was performed to the entire 5-min segment and the first 1-min from this same 5-min segment. There were 492 h of electrocardiogram data collected allowing calculation of 492 5 min and 1 min segments. 1 min segments of data showed good correlation to 5 min segments in both time and frequency domains: root mean square of successive difference (RMSSD) (R = 0.92), high frequency component (HF) (R = 0.90), low frequency component (LF) (R = 0.71), and standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (R = 0.63). Mental health research focused on parasympathetic HRV metrics, HF and RMSSD, may be accomplished through smaller time windows of recording, making wearable technology possible for monitoring.

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Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability Following Supramaximal Intermittent Exercise

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.4.4.435 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 435-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Al Haddad Hani ◽

Paul B. Laursen ◽

Ahmaidi Said ◽

Buchheit Martin

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Frequency Component ◽

High Frequency Component ◽

Exercise Heart Rate ◽

Supramaximal Exercise

Purpose:To assess the effect of supramaximal intermittent exercise on long-term cardiac autonomic activity, inferred from heart rate variability (HRV).Methods:Eleven healthy males performed a series of two consecutive intermittent 15-s runs at 95% VIFT (i.e., speed reached at the end of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test) interspersed with 15 s of active recovery at 45% VIFT until exhaustion. Beat-to-beat intervals were recorded during two consecutive nights (habituation night and 1st night) before, 10 min before and immediately after exercise, as well as 12 h (2nd night) and 36 h (3rd night) after supramaximal intermittent exercise. The HRV indices were calculated from the last 5 min of resting and recovery periods, and the first 10 min of the first estimated slow wave sleep period.Results:Immediate post-supramaximal exercise vagal-related HRV indices were significantly lower than immediate pre-supramaximal exercise values (P < .001). Most vagal-related indices were lower during the 2nd night compared with the 1st night (eg, mean RR intervals, P = .03). Compared with the 2nd night, vagal-related HRV indices were significantly higher during the 3rd night. Variables were not different between the 1st and 3rd nights; however, we noted a tendency (adjusted effect size, aES) for an increased normalized high-frequency component (P = .06 and aES = 0.70) and a tendency toward a decreased low-frequency component (P = .06 and aES = 0.74).Conclusion:Results confirm the strong influence of exercise intensity on short- and long-term post exercise heart rate variability recovery and might help explain the high efficiency of supramaximal training for enhancing indices of cardiorespiratory fitness.

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Impact of personality-oriented programs of physical rehabilitation on the heart rate variability in women with post-mastectomy syndrome

Physiotherapy ◽

10.1515/physio-2016-0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatiana Odinets ◽

Yuriy Briskin

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Radical Mastectomy ◽

Frequency Component ◽

Physical Rehabilitation ◽

Stress Index ◽

Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

The Impact

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of personality-oriented physical rehabilitation programs on the heart rate variability in women with post-mastectomy syndrome. Methods. The following methods were applied: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodologic literature data, heart rate variability analysis, and mathematical statistical methods. The subjects of the study were 50 women with late symptoms of post-mastectomy syndrome. The study was conducted during the ambulatory rehabilitation stage after Madden radical mastectomy. All the indicators of the heart rate variability were equivalent in the main and comparison groups at the beginning of rehabilitation. The impact of training was examined every 6 months over the course of a year. Results. Measurements were taken three times: at the beginning of rehabilitation and after 6 and 12 months. It was found that most of the investigated parameters of heart rate variability in both groups steadily improved during the year of rehabilitation. The average values of stress index and amplitude of mode after 12 months of rehabilitation were lower in the main group than in the comparison group but the values of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and the very low-frequency component of the spectrum were better by 6.48 ms (p < 0.05) and 203.29 ms2 (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions. The personality-oriented programs of physical rehabilitation were effective in augmenting heart rate variability and restoring autonomic balance in patients with post-mastectomy syndrome.

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Effects of 2-Hz and 100-Hz Electroacupuncture Stimulation on Respiratory Function and Heart Rate Variability: A Randomized Crossover Study

Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research ◽

10.3727/036012921x16321477053890 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kazufumi Takahashi ◽

Xiaoming Wang ◽

Daiyu Shginohara ◽

Kenji Imai

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Respiratory Function ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Component ◽

Autonomic Nerve ◽

High Frequency Component ◽

Respiratory Function Test ◽

Function Test

Background: Bronchial contraction and dilation is thought to be caused by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves. Objective: To investigate the effects of low-frequency (1-5 Hz) and high frequency (50-100 Hz) electric acupuncture (EA) stimulation on bronchial dilation. Design: Prospective, single-center study. Setting: Teikyo Heisei University Subjects: Seventeen healthy male adults Randomization: We randomly assigned subjects to 2-Hz EA and 100-Hz EA groups in a crossover trial. The washout period was 2 weeks. Intervention: Both groups underwent a respiratory function test, followed by a 5-minute rest, followed a 5-minute rest or EA stimulation, followed by a 5- min rest. Heart rate variability was measured at rest, followed by another respiratory function test. Acupuncture was delivered near the cervical ganglia at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra on the left side. EA stimuli were set to 2-Hz or 100-Hz, and stimulation intensity was set to a level where no pain was felt. Main outcome measures: Spirometry (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and maximum respiratory flow), autonomic nerve activity (low-frequency component, high-frequency component, and their ratio), and heart rate variability. Results: Heart rate variability analysis showed significant differences in heart rate between the 2-Hz EA and 100-Hz EA groups. The 2-Hz EA group showed a significant increase in HF. Conclusions: 2-Hz EA stimulation resulted in decreased heart rate and increased HF during stimulation. This may be more effective for regulation of the autonomic nerves of the cardiopulmonary system than 100-Hz EA stimulation. Future studies are required to confirm our findings.

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DYNAMICS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COURSE YOGA BREATHING EXERCISES ON HEALTHY YOUNG PEOPLE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201904120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 613-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nataliia I. Sheiko ◽

Volodymyr P. Feketa

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Cardiac Rhythm ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Component ◽

High Frequency Component ◽

Regulatory Activity ◽

Biological Feedback ◽

Very Low Frequency

Introduction: Heart rate variability is a highly informative non-invasive method of research not only for the functional state of the cardiovascular system and also for the integrative regulatory activity of the autonomic nervous system. The positive effect of diaphragmatic breathing is positive in the mode of biological feedback using portable devices, but there is little evidence of the use of yoga breathing gymnastics in order to influence the heart rate variability. The aim: To compare the possibilities of using courses of breathing gymnastics of yogis and diaphragmatic breathing sessions in the mode of biological feedback using a portable device. Materials and methods: The study involved 70 practically healthy foreigners, who were divided into 2 groups of 35 people. Participants of the 1st group daily engage in respiratory exercises pranayama for 15 minutes in 1 month. Participants in the 2nd group used the MyCalmBeat portable device. Heart rate variability was registered by using the computer diagnostic complex “CardioLab” (“KhAI-Medika”, Ukraine). Results: In both groups there was similar dynamics of heart rate variability indices, but its severity was different. The common integral effect was a significant growth of heart rate variability both according to statistical and spectral indicators – total power increased, as well as high-frequency component. The power of the very-low frequency waves has probably decreased only in the group with the device. In the percentage structure of the cardiac rhythm spectrum, the specific weight of very-low frequency component and the percentage of high-frequency component increased. Conclusions: Respiratory gymnastics yoga for 15 minutes daily contributes to the growth of heart rate variability through the suppression of the central link (very-low frequency component) of regulation of cardiac rhythm and increased activity of parasympathetic influences (high-frequency component), as well as the redistribution of regulatory activity of the central nervous system between the central and peripheral links of regulation of the cardiac rhythm in favor of the latter.

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Heart Rate Variability in HIV Patients, Diabetics, and Controls: The AGATAA Study

ISRN Vascular Medicine ◽

10.5402/2011/876864 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabela M. Benseñor ◽

Margareth Eira ◽

Egídio Lima Dorea ◽

Eduardo M. Dantas ◽

José Geraldo Mill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Component ◽

High Frequency Component ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Function ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Highly Active

HIV infection can affect cardiac autonomic function. We aimed to compare heart rate variability in 29 HIV-infected patients using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 28 naïve-treatment HIV patients, and diabetics with controls. There was no difference in time index parameters among groups. The normalized power of the low-frequency component (LF) in naïve patients of 39.9 (interquartile interval (IQ), 28.5–65.7) and diabetics of 42.9 (IQ, 14.5–57.7) were decreased compared with controls (67.5, IQ, 37.9–75.4). The normalized power of the high-frequency component (HF) in naïves of 49.7 (IQ, 30.4–64.8), and diabetics of 53.1 (IQ, 34.5–72.2) were increased compared with controls (27.0, IQ, 19.0–57.3). Naïve and diabetics also presented with lower LF/HF ratios (0.8 (IQ, 0.6–2.3), and 0.9 (IQ, 0.3–1.4),) compared with controls (2.3 (IQ, 0.8–3.3)). We can speculate that HAART improves autonomic imbalance in frequency domain indices because there was no difference between the HAART group and controls.

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Long Term Effects of Low Frequency (10 Hz) Vagus Nerve Stimulation on EEG and Heart Rate Variability in Crohn's Disease: A Case Report

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2014.08.001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 914-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Didier Clarençon ◽

Sonia Pellissier ◽

Valérie Sinniger ◽

Astrid Kibleur ◽

Dominique Hoffman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Case Report ◽

Vagus Nerve ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Long Term Effects

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Abstract P315: Increase in Stress May Contribute to Lower Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Subjects

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap315 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Amanda C Costa ◽

Ana Gabriela C Silva ◽

Cibele T Ribeiro ◽

Guilherme A Fregonezi ◽

Fernando A Dias

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Total Power ◽

The Impact ◽

Nonparametric Correlation

Background: Stress is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and decreased heart rate variability is associated to increased mortality in some cardiac diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of perceived stress on cardiac autonomic regulation in young healthy volunteers. Methods: 35 young healthy volunteers (19 to 29 years old, 6 men) from a Brazilian population were assessed for perceived stress by the translated and validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, 14 questions) and had the R-R intervals recorded at rest on supine position (POLAR RS800CX) and analyzed (5 minutes, Kubius HRV software) by Fast-Fourier Transform for quantification of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Results: Average data (±SD) for age, heart rate, BMI, waist circumference and percentage of body fat (%BF) were: 21.3±2.7 years; 65.5±7.9 bpm; 22.3±1.9 Kg/m 2 ; 76.0±6.1 cm and 32.1±6.6%; respectively. The mean score for the PSS-14 was 23.5±7.2 and for the HRV parameter as follow: SSDN=54.8±21.2ms; rMSSD=55.9±32.2ms; low-frequency (LF)= 794.8±579.7ms 2 ; High-frequency (HF)= 1508.0±1783.0 ms 2 ; LF(n.u.)= 41.1±16.2; HF(n.u.)= 58.9±16.2; LF/HF=0.89±0.80 and Total power (TP)= 3151±2570ms 2 . Spearman nonparametric correlation was calculated and there was a significant correlation of PSS-14 scores and LF (ms 2 ) (r=−0.343; p= 0.044). Other HRV variables did not shown significant correlation but also had negative values for Spearman r (TP r=−0.265, p=0.124; HF r=−0.158; SSDN r=−0.207; rMSSD r=−0.243, p=0.160). LF/HF and LF(n.u.) did not correlate to PSS-14 having Spearman r very close to zero (LF/HF r=−0.007, p=0.969; LF(n.u.) r=−0.005, p=0.976). No correlation was found for HRV parameters and BMI and there was a trend for statistical correlation of %BF and LF (ms 2 ) (r=−0.309, p=0.071). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a possible association of perceived stress level and HRV at rest. Changes in LF can be a consequence of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, however, analyzing the other variables HF, TP, SSDN and rMSSD (all negative Spearman r) and due to the lack of changes in LF/HF ratio and LF(n.u.) we interpret that increased stress may be associated to decrease in overall heart rate variability. These changes were seen in healthy individuals and may point out an important mechanism in cardiovascular disease development.

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