scholarly journals Characterization of the Occult Hepatitis B Virus Variants Circulating among the Blood Donors from Eastern India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Biswas ◽  
Rajesh Panigrahi ◽  
Partha Kumar Chandra ◽  
Arup Banerjee ◽  
Sibnarayan Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Basal Core Promoter ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
Positive Hbsag ◽  
Occult Hbv

A previous study from West Bengal documented very high rate of occult HBV infection (OBI) among the HBsAg negative blood donors. This study was aimed to characterize the OBI strains circulating among the blood donors and to estimate the risk associated with the prevailing viral variants/mutants. Blood samples from 2195 voluntary blood donors were included in the study. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs statuses of the samples were done by ELISA based detection. PCR amplification and sequencing were done to determine HBV genotypes, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore (Pre-C) mutations. Among the study samples, 268 were anti-HBc positive/HBsAg negative, among which 65 (24.25%) were HBV DNA positive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of HBV/D (87.23%), HBV/A (8.51%), and HBV/C (4.26%) (P<0.0001).HBV/D3 (65.85%) was the significantly prevalent subgenotype over HBV/D2 (26.83%) and HBV/D1 (7.31%) (P=0.0003). Considerable prevalence of differential BCP (1752C, 1753C, 1762T/1764A, 1753C+1762T/1764A, 1773C, and 1814C) and reverse transcriptase (rt) gene (rtI91L, rtL93P, rtS106C, rtR110G, rtN118T, rtS119T, rtY126H, rtG127W/R, rtC136R, and rtY158H) mutations was identified. Association of specific HBV subgenotypes with OBI was interesting and needs further study. Clinically relevant mutations were prevalent among the OBI strains which are of serious concern.

scholarly journals Serological pattern of anti-HBc alone infers occult hepatitis B virus infection in high-risk individuals in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitis Ramezani ◽  
Mohammad Banifazl ◽  
Ali Eslamifar ◽  
Arezoo Aghakhani
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Risk Patients

Introduction: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc) alone is defined as the presence of anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. The significance of this serological pattern as a predicting factor for occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the significance of anti-HBc alone in predicting occult HBV infection in high-risk and low-risk individuals. Methodology: A total of 926 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 289 hemodialysis (HD) and 106 HIV-infected patients who were considered as a high-risk group and 531 blood donors who were considered as low-risk. HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc were tested in all subjects. The presence of HBV-DNA was determined quantitatively in patients with anti-HBc alone by real-time PCR. Results: Of the 395 high-risk patients, 40 cases (10.13%) had anti-HBc alone, while 11 subjects (2.07%) out of 531 blood donors had anti-HBc alone. HBV-DNA was detected in 12 out of 40 (30%) high-risk patients and none of the blood donors with anti-HBc alone. Conclusion: Our study showed that the serological pattern of anti-HBc alone could reflect occult HBV infection in high risk cases but did not presume occult HBV infection in low-risk individuals.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Review Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Arifa Akram
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv

Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or in the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HbsAg negative individuals with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. Since OBI was first described in the late 1970s, there has been increasing concern in this topic. OBI can be both a source of virus contamination in blood and organ donations and the reservoir for full blown hepatitis after reactivation. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors but these associations have not been analyzed thoroughly. Although the exact mechanism of OBI yet not proved, intrahepatic persistence of viral covalently closed circular DNA under the host’s strong immune suppression of HBV replication and gene expression seems to be a cause. Current evidence suggests that OBI can favour the progression of fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and post transfusion hepatitis (PTH). Epidemiological data regarding the global prevalence of OBI vary due to the use of detection methods of different sensitivity and specificity. Appropriate diagnostic techniques must be adopted. Sensitive HBV DNA amplification assay is the gold standard assay for detection of OBI.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2018;5(1):32-38

Precore and basal core promoter hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants are present from a young age and differ across HBV genotypes

Hepatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl T.Y. Lau ◽  
Lilia Ganova‐Raeva ◽  
Junyao Wang ◽  
Douglas Mogul ◽  
Raymond T. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Basal Core Promoter ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Variants

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B infection among individuals belonging to the aboriginal Nicobarese tribe of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimanti Bhattacharya ◽  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
Subarna Roy ◽  
Attayur Purushothaman Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
The People ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Introduction: The long-lasting persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes in the liver (with or without detectable HBV DNA) of individuals with negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is termed occult HBV infection (OBI). The present study is a part of the follow up on efficacy of vaccination, 10 years post inception, and was designed to understand the prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI) among the aboriginal Nicobarese tribal community. Methodology: A total of 612 serum samples were collected and tested for various markers including HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc and HBV DNA. Part of S gene of the extracted HBV DNA was amplified by nested PCR. The amplified products were then subjected to sequencing. Genotyping was performed on the basis of phylogenetic relationship along with representative reference sequences from different sub genotypes. Results: The study revealed OBI in 11.1% of the people belonging to the Nicobarese tribe. Phylogenetic analysis showed only one genotype, HBV/D circulating among the Nicobarese population with ayw3 was the major serotype detected. Single or multiple amino acids substitutions were found in 5 of 34 samples (14.7%) which includes I110T, P120T, P/T127I, A128P, M133L and G159V. Conclusions: The detection of OBI among these aboriginal tribes is of great concern and stresses the need for the continuous surveillance as it may contribute to the progression of liver disease to a more advanced stage.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B: Clinical Viewpoint and Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zobeiri
Keyword(s):  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Routine Prophylaxis ◽  
Organ Donations

Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or in the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HBsAg-negative patients with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. OBI seems to be higher among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with liver disease. OBI can be both a source of virus contamination in blood and organ donations and the reservoir for full blown hepatitis after reactivation. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors but these associations have not been analyzed thoroughly. In OBI, it would be best to prevent HBV reactivation which inhibits the development of hepatitis and subsequent mortality. In diverse cases with insufficient data to recommend routine prophylaxis, early identification of virologic reactivation is essential to start antiviral therapy. For retrieving articles regarding OBI, various databases, including OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, were used.

scholarly journals Development of occult hepatitis B viral infection in pregnancy: implications for antenatal screening in women from endemic areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Philip Chang ◽  
Jeffrey Tu ◽  
Antony Chesterman ◽  
Robert Kim ◽  
Peter Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, manifest clinically by the presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) in peripheral blood in individuals who test negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), may occur in various clinical contexts, including under the influence of pharmacological immunosuppression in patients from areas endemic for HBV and, hence, at risk of previous exposure. Pregnancy is a condition associated with immune suppression, but whether virus-specific immunity may be suppressed to an extent sufficient to allow occult HBV infection to develop is currently unknown. This is potentially relevant not only to the mother's health but also because vertical transmission has been reported in the occult HBV infection setting. We report a 30-year-old woman from a country endemic for HBV who, prior to pregnancy, was persistently HBsAg-negative with undetectable HBV DNA in peripheral blood, in whom HBV DNA became increasingly detectable during pregnancy, peaking in the third trimester, before returning to undetectable levels postpartum. HBsAg remained negative and liver function tests were normal throughout. Immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody, a marker of the possibility of acquisition of a new HBV infection, was also negative. The baby received immunization against HBV infection from birth and has remained HBV negative at six months. This report documents for the first time that occult HBV infection may develop during pregnancy. Further data are required regarding the prevalence of this phenomenon, predisposing factors, impact on maternal health and risk of vertical transmission so that implications for current antenatal screening strategies that do not include measurement of HBV DNA in peripheral blood can be properly determined.

scholarly journals Genotyping Hepatitis B virus from whole- and sub-genomic fragments using position-specific scoring matrices in hbv star

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Myers ◽  
Caroline Clark ◽  
Arshad Khan ◽  
Paul Kellam ◽  
Richard Tedder
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Basal Core Promoter ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
Scoring Matrices ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes have been classified into eight genotypes based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence variation. Identifying and tracking the movement of HBV genotypes is important in terms of both monitoring infection rates and predicting disease and treatment. An HBV genotyping tool has been developed that compares query sequences with position-specific scoring matrices representing the eight HBV genotypes. This tool (hbv star) is rapid, robust and accurate and assigns genotype based on a statistically defined scoring model. hbv star confidently assigned 90 % of 590 full-length HBV genomes to an HBV genotype (Z score >2.0). Thirty-two of the residual 48 sequences were identified as non-human primate viruses and 16 sequences were identified as recombinant or putative recombinants. Receiver-Operated Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the accuracy of genotype prediction using basal core promoter sequences and surface and core genes with the accuracy achieved by using full-length sequences. A web interface to hbv star is available at http://www.vgb.ucl.ac.uk/starn.shtml.

scholarly journals Circulation of hepatitis delta virus and occult hepatitis B virus infection amongst HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Korle-Bu, Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244507
Author(s):  
Keren Attiku ◽  
Joseph Bonney ◽  
Esinam Agbosu ◽  
Evelyn Bonney ◽  
Peter Puplampu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Dna Antibodies ◽  
Hdv Infection

Background Within HIV/HBV infected patients, an increase in HDV infection has been observed; there is inadequate information on HDV prevalence as well as virologic profile in Ghana. This study sought to determine the presence of HDV in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Ghana. Methods This was a longitudinal purposive study which enrolled 113 HIV/HBV co-infected patients attending clinic at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana. After consenting, 5 mL whole blood was collected at two-time points (baseline and 4–6 months afterwards). The sera obtained were tested to confirm the presence of HIV, HBV antibodies and/or antigens, and HBV DNA. Antibodies and viral RNA were also determined for HDV. Amplified HBV DNA and HDV RNA were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis carried out with reference sequences from the GenBank to establish the genotypes. Results Of the 113 samples tested 63 (55.7%) were females and 50 (44.25%) were males with a median age of 45 years. A total of 100 (88.5%) samples had detectable HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and 32 out of the 113 had detectable HBV DNA. Nucleotide sequences were obtained for 15 and 2 samples of HBV and HDV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was predominantly genotype E for the HBVs and genotype 1 for the HDVs. Of the 13 samples that were HBsAg unreactive, 4 (30.8%) had detectable HBV DNA suggesting the incidence of occult HBV infections. The percentage occurrence of HDV in this study was observed to be 3.54. Conclusion Our data suggest the presence and circulation of HDV and incidence of occult HBV infection in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Ghana. This informs health staff and makes it imperative to look out for the presence of HDV and occult HBV in HIV/HBV co-infected patients presenting with potential risk of liver cancers and HBV transmission through haemodialysis and blood transfusions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document