scholarly journals Characteristics of Multidrug Resistant Shigella and Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in Patients Treated at an Urban and a Rural Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumon Kumar Das ◽  
Erik H. Klontz ◽  
Ishrat J. Azmi ◽  
Abu I. M. S. Ud-Din ◽  
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

We determined the frequency of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections with Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae O1 at an urban (Dhaka) and rural (Matlab) hospital in Bangladesh. We also compared sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with MDR infections to those with antibiotic-susceptible infections at both sites. Analyses were conducted using surveillance data from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), for the years 2000–2012. Compared to patients with antibiotic-susceptible for Shigella infections, those in Dhaka with MDR shigellosis were more likely to experience diarrhea for >24 hours, while, in Matlab, they were more likely to stay inhospital >24 hours. For MDR shigellosis, Dhaka patients were more likely than those in Matlab to have dehydration, stool frequency >10/day, and diarrheal duration >24 hours. Patients with MDR Vibrio cholerae O1 infections in Dhaka were more likely than those in Matlab to experience dehydration and stool frequency >10/day. Thus, patients with MDR shigellosis and Vibrio cholerae O1 infection exhibited features suggesting more severe illness than those with antibiotic-susceptible infections. Moreover, Dhaka patients with MDR shigellosis and Vibrio cholerae O1 infections exhibited features indicating more severe illness than patients in Matlab.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009721
Author(s):  
Irin Parvin ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Lubaba Shahrin ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Ackhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background After a multi-country Asian outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 which started in 1992, it is rarely detected from any country in Asia and has not been detected from patients in Africa. Methodology/Principal findings We extracted surveillance data from the Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to review trends in isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Data from the Dhaka Hospital is a 2% sample of > 100,000 diarrhoeal patients treated annually. Data from the Matlab Hospital includes all diarrhoeal patients who hail from the villages included in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Vibrio cholerae O139 was first isolated in Dhaka in 1993 and had been isolated every year since then except for a gap between 2005 and 2008. An average of thirteen isolates was detected annually from the Dhaka Hospital during the last ten years, yielding an estimated 650 cases annually at this hospital. During the last ten years, cases due to serogroup O139 represented 0.47% of all cholera cases; the others being due to serogroup O1. No cases with serogroup O139 were identified at Matlab since 2006. Clinical signs and symptoms of cholera due to serogroup O139 were similar to cases due to serogroup O1 though more of the O139 cases were not dehydrated. Most isolates of O139 remained sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, but they became resistant to erythromycin starting in 2009. Conclusions/Significance Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 continues to cause typical cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor in Port Blair, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
D. S. Sayi ◽  
Haimanti Bhattacharjee ◽  
R. Thamizhmani ◽  
A. P. Bharadwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Origin and Dissemination of Altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera in Odisha, India: Two and Half Decade’s View

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Dipti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas

The origin, spread and molecular epidemiology of altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks/surveillance studies between 1995 and 2019 from different district of Odisha were analyzed. The stock cultures of V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 were analyzed through molecular analysis using different PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The spread map (month, year and place) was constructed to locate the dissemination of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 in this region. A total of 13 cholera outbreaks were caused by V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The ctxB1 alleles of V. cholerae O1 mostly confined to the coastal areas, whereas the ctxB7 genotypes, though originating in the coastal region of Odisha, concentrated more in the tribal areas. The positive correlation between virulence-associated genes (VAGs) was found through Pearson’s correlation model, indicative of a stronger association between the VAGs. The clonal relationship through PFGE between ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes of V. cholerae O1 strains exhibited 80% similarity indicating single- or multi-clonal evolution. It is evident from this study that the spread of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1-altered El Tor was dominant over the prototype El Tor strains in this region. The origin of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 occurred in the East Coast of Odisha established that the origin of cholera happened in the Gangetic belts of Bay of Bengal where all new variants of V. cholerae O1 might have originated from the Asian countries.

Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Conjugative Plasmid and a Class I Integron in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Isolated in Albania and Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Falbo ◽  
Alessandra Carattoli ◽  
Fabio Tosini ◽  
Cristina Pezzella ◽  
Anna Maria Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated during the 1994 outbreak of cholera in Albania and Italy were characterized for the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. All strains were found to be resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, sulfathiazole, and the vibriostatic compound O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylteridine). Resistance genes were self-transferable by a conjugative plasmid of about 60 MDa, with the exception of spectinomycin resistance, which was conferred by theaadA1 gene cassette located in the bacterial chromosome within a class 1 integron. The resistance to trimethoprim and O/129 was conferred by the dfrA1 gene, which was present on the plasmid. Although the dfrA1 gene is known to be borne on an integron cassette, class 1, 2, or 3 intI genes were not detected as part of the plasmid DNA from the strains studied.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Outcome of Pseudomonas Bacteremia in Under-Five Diarrheal Children in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Akram ◽  
Mark A.C. Pietroni ◽  
Pradip Kumar Bardhan ◽  
Samira Bibi ◽  
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Hospital Management System

We sought to evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and outcome of under-five diarrheal children with either sex having Pseudomonas bacteremia. A retrospective chart review of under-five diarrheal children admitted to the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), from January 2011 to December 2011 was performed using an online hospital management system. Children with Pseudomonas bacteremia constituted the cases (n = 31), and the controls (n = 124), without Pseudomonas bacteremia, were randomly selected. The prevalence of Pseudomonas bacteremia was 1% (31/5,179). The Pseudomonas was multidrug resistant but was 84% sensitive to ceftazidime and 100% to imipenem. The case-fatality rate was significantly higher among the cases than the controls (26% versus 5%; P = 0.003). In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders such as severe wasting, severe underweight, severe pneumonia, and young age (11.71 (4.0, 18.0) months), the cases more often presented with absent peripheral pulses in absence of dehydration (95% CI = 2.31–24.45) on admission. This finding underscores the importance of early identification of this simple clinical sign to ensure prompt management including fluid resuscitation and broad spectrum antibiotics to help reduce morbidity and mortality in such children, especially in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical features and immunological parameters of patients with dehydrating diarrhoea infected with Inaba or Ogawa serotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraful I. Khan ◽  
Fahima Chowdhury ◽  
Jason B. Harris ◽  
Regina C. Larocque ◽  
Abu S. G. Faruque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Bactericidal Efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) Against Multidrug Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Jayprakash Yadav ◽  
Meenu Jain ◽  
Preeti Yadav ◽  
A.K. Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Resistant Strains

In recent years, emerging trend of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera epidemics is a matter of serious concern for the management of the disease. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics generally results in selection of antibiotic resistant strains. Introduction of newer antibiotics is a challenging task for the researchers as bacteria soon attain resistance. Therefore, identifying natural compounds of medicinal importance for control of cholera would be the best alternative. Garlic (Allium sativum) was recognised for many centuries in early Chinese, Egyptian and Indian civilisations as an herbal or traditional medicine. In present study, garlic was selected for screening of antimicrobial efficacy against V. cholerae. A total of 55 V. cholerae strains isolated from various outbreaks/epidemics were subjected to antimicrobial testing as per CLSI, USA 2010 guidelines. Antimicrobial screening of garlic extract was performed against all the multidrug resistant strains of V. cholerae. The garlic extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the V. cholerae strains tested, irrespective of their origin, multidrug resistance and virulence. Antibacterial efficacy of garlic on V. cholerae was also evident from in vivo study on sealed adult mice model. Thus, the Garlic extract harnesses the potential to control infection of multidrug resistant V. cholerae, especially in outbreak like situations in remote and under developed areas where drug supply itself is a challenge

scholarly journals 1113. Real-Time Evolution of Extensively Drug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S334-S334
Author(s):  
Bhabatosh Das
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Traits

Abstract Background Bay of Bengal is known as the epicenter of a number of distinct waves of global transmission of cholera. Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of acute diarrhoeal disease cholera, has extraordinary competency to acquire exogenous DNA by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and acclimatize them into their genome for structuring metabolic process, developing drug resistance and disease. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in V. cholerae is a global concern. However, little is known about the identity, source, acquisition process, and stability of the resistance traits in the genome of cholera pathogen. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing of V. cholerae isolated from different parts of India during 2001–2017 was performed using Discs and E-strips. Whole-genome sequencing of resistant (R), multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and pandrug (PDR) resistant V. cholerae was done by next-generation DNA sequencing. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) linked with AMR genes were tagged by allelic exchange methods. Whole-cell proteome analysis was done by iTRAQ analysis. Results Almost 99% of V. cholerae isolates (n = 438) are resistant against ≥2 antibiotics, 17.2% isolates (n = 76) are resistant against ≥10 antibiotics, and 7.5% isolates (n = 33) are resistant against ≥14 antibiotics. Highest resistance was detected against sulfamethaxozole (99.8%, n = 442). In addition, resistance to nalidixic acid (n = 429), trimethoprim (n = 421), and streptomycin (n = 409) are also very high. All the sequenced resistant isolates carrying multiple resistance genes and are linked with MGEs like integrating conjugative elements, transposons etc. Most of the resistance traits are functional and expressed even in the absence of antibiotics. Conclusion Our comprehensive analysis of 443 clinical V. cholerae isolates show that the cholera pathogen is continuously evolving to counterbalance the antimicrobial effects of antibiotics. Several MGEs linked with AMR genes and other fitness factors potentially propagate to other bacterial species through HGTs. Knowledge of the present study would be useful to understand the evolution of cholera pathogens and management of cholera by helping selection of specific drug regimen against the pathogens. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 from clinical and environmental samples in Kathmandu city

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Rojina Maharjan ◽  
Megha R Banjara ◽  
Komal R Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1
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