Molecular and Clinical Characterization ofGiardia duodenalisInfection in Preschool Children from Lisbon, Portugal

Giardia duodenalisis the most prevalent intestinal protozoan infection especially in children. In Portugal scarce data are available relative to this infection in preschoolers. The present study was conducted from April to July 2009 in public preschools in Lisbon enrolling 316 children. Stool examination was performed through microscopy. Molecular analysis was conducted in all positive samples forG. duodenalisin order to determine the assemblage and subassemblage of this parasite. Eight of the preschoolers studied children (2.5%, 8/316) were infected withG. duodenalis. Additionally the brother of one of the infected children was also infected. Genotyping analysis targetingssu-rRNAandβ-giardinloci revealed six infections with assemblage A and 3 with assemblage B. Sub-assemblage determination was possible in four of the samples, with three A2 and one A3. The limited number of cases precluded an association of a determined symptom with an assemblage. The data presented here show the relevance of consideringG. duodenalisanalysis in children with intestinal complaints even in developed countries.

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GAMBARAN INFEKSI PROTOZOA INTESTINAL PADA ANAK BINAAN RUMAH SINGGAH AMANAH KOTA PADANG

Majalah Kedokteran Andalas ◽

10.22338/mka.v34.i1.p60-69.2010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Nurhayati Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Intestinal Protozoa ◽

Fecal Examination ◽

Examination Method ◽

Protozoan Infection ◽

Protozoan Pathogen ◽

Frequent Infection

AbstrakInfeksi protozoa intestinal masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara tropis dan negara berkembang. Yang termasuk ke dalam protozoa intestinal patogen di antaranya adalah G. lamblia dan E. histolitika.Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap anak binaan Rumah Singgah “Amanah”, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Pemeriksaan tinja dilakukan terhadap 66 anak dengan metode langsung menggunakan eosin dan lugol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran infeksi protozoa intestinal pada anak binaan rumah singgah Amanah.Telah dilakukan penelitian di Rumah Singgah “Amanah”, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang, terhadap anak biaHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak yang terinfeksi protozoa intestinal sebesar 40,91%. Berdasarkan jenis spesies, distribusi frekuensi terbanyak yang menginfeksi anak adalah G. lamblia yaitu 37,88%, sedangkan infeksi oleh E. histolitika adalah 3,03%. Frekuensi infeksi G. Lamblia lebih tinggi pada umur < 10 tahun yaitu 27,27%, tetapi pada infeksi E. histolitika terlihat tidak ada perbedaan. Distribusi infeksi berdasarkan jenis kelamin hampir sama pada G. lamblia maupun E. histolitika. Berdasarkan pekerjaan, lebih separuh anak binaan yang terinfeksi protozoa intestinal bekerja sebagai penjaja makanan.Kata kunci: Protozoa intestinal, G. lamblia, E. histolitikaAbstractPrevalence of intestinal protozoan infection in Rumah Singgah Amanah, Kota Padang. Intestinal protozoan infection is still a public health problem in tropical countries and developing countries. The intestinal protozoan pathogen of which is G. lamblia and E.histolitika.This research is descriptif study and it was conducted in Rumah Singgah Amanah, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Stool examination has been carried out to 66 children by direct fecal examination method using eosin and Lugol. The purpose of this research is to know the description of intestinal protozoan in fection in Rumah Singgah Amanah.Prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection was 40,91%, the highest frequent infection was G. lamblia which was 37.88%, E. histolitika was 3.03%. FrequencyARTIKEL PENELITIAN61of G. lamblia infection was higher in age <10 years is 27.27%. There was no different in age in E.histolytica infection. There was no different in sex in both infection. Half of children with intestinal protozoa infection were food seller.Key words : Intestinal Protozoa, G. lamblia, E. histolitika

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Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Salem Belkessa ◽

Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽

Karim Houali ◽

Farida Ghalmi ◽

Christen Rune Stensvold

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Pcr Targeting ◽

Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

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Protozoan infection in archaeological material

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2005.10136 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Gonçalves ◽

Cassius Schnell ◽

Luciana Sianto ◽

Francoise Bouchet ◽

Mathieu Le Bailly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

19Th Century ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Human Feces ◽

Archaeological Material ◽

The Past ◽

Protozoan Infection ◽

Protein Molecules ◽

The 19Th Century

The identification of parasites in ancient human feces is compromised by differential preservation of identifiable parasite structures. However, protein molecules can survive the damage of the environment. It was possible to detected antigen of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis in historic and prehistoric human fecal remains using two enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kits with monoclonal antibodies specific for E. histolytica and G. duodenalis, respectively. Specimens of desiccated feces and ancient latrine sediment from the New and the Old World were examined. The ELISA detected E. histolytica antigen in samples from Argentina, USA, France, Belgium, and Switzerland, dated to about 5300 years BP to the 19th Century AD. G. duodenalis antigen was detected in samples from USA, Belgium, and Germany, dated to about 1200 AD, 1600 AD, and 1700 AD. The detection of protozoan antigen using immunoassays is a reliable tool for the study of intestinal parasites in the past.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among the Patients Visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Madhav Raj Sharma ◽

Sohan Jha ◽

Pawan Jha ◽

Prashant Dahal

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Tap Water ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Management Actions ◽

Protozoan Infection

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by intestinal helminthes and protozoa are the most common human infections endemic throughout the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries including Nepal. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal. Altogether 480 stool samples were collected from April 2017- October 2017. Microscopic examination of stool was done by using formal-ether concentration technique in the Microbiology Laboratory of Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura Nepal. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 10.625%. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in males (52.94%) than in females (47.06%). In the age group below 15 years, the prevalence was found to be higher (52.94 %) than other age groups. Total 6 species of intestinal parasites; 2 (33.33%) were protozoan parasites viz. cysts and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, and 4 (66.67%) were helminths viz. ova of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hymenolepis nana, and Ancylostoma duodenale. The infection rate was found to be higher in people taking normal tap water. The study concluded that intestinal protozoan infection is still a public health problem of concern among the people of Dadeldhura. The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection was found to be high in children and low educated groups in Dadeldhura. Thus, health education along with infection management actions and awareness programs for sanitation improvements are required to reduce protozoan infections.

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A report on a case of Giardia duodenalis

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v7i2.18029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1218-1220

Author(s):

Sujata Pudasaini ◽

Rakesh Pathak ◽

Satyam Upadhyaya ◽

Anna Sharma

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Duodenal Biopsy ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Common Causes

ABSTRACTGiardia is caused by protozoa, Giardia lamblia. It is one of the most common causes of water born or food born diarrhea and it has a worldwide distribution. The prevalence is approximately 20-30% in developing countries. Giardia duodenalis is the most commonly reported intestinal protozoan in humans mainly affecting children. The infection is usually associated with malabsorption, weight loss and growth retardation.We report a case of four years old boy who presented with diarrhea and malabsorption for last 2 years. Its clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis on duodenal biopsy is discussed.

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Molecular analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic children from La Habana, Cuba

Parasite Epidemiology and Control ◽

10.1016/j.parepi.2017.05.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla ◽

Fidel A. Núñez ◽

Lissette Pérez Santos ◽

Lázara Rojas Rivero ◽

Isabel Martínez Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Analysis ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Asymptomatic Children

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AGiardia duodenalisgene encoding a protein with multiple repeats of a toxin homologue

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000065926 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 423-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

N. Chen ◽

J. A. Upcrofta ◽

P. Upcroft

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Repeat Unit ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Membrane Spanning ◽

High Level ◽

Snake Toxins

SUMMARYA gene,CRP136,from the intestinal protozoan parasiteGiardia duodenalis,expressed at a high level in a metronidazole-resistant line, encodes a 136 kDa protein with 23 copies of a 40 amino acid repeat. The protein is cysteine-rich and has the typical membrane-spanning region and CXXC amino acid motifs of a family ofGiardiacysteine-rich surface proteins (CRSPs). The repeat unit inCRP136, shares 57% homology with the gene encoding the precursor of the sarafotoxins, a group of snake toxins from the burrowing adder known to cause symptoms similar to those of humans acutely infected withGiardia.The sarafotoxins are low molecular weight sulphydryl cross-linked peptides which are proteolytically cleaved from a precursor polyprotein.CRP136has homology over the entire length of the sarafotoxin precursor, and the repeats are of the same length. ThusCRP136represents the first evidence for a potentialGiardiatoxin. The genomic copy number ofCRP136appears to be the same in both the parent and drug-resistant lines and expression of this gene, and at least one other, is associated with a conserved partial duplication, but not amplification, of one chromosome.

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Risk of human infection with Giardia duodenalis from cats in Japan and genotyping of the isolates to assess the route of infection in cats

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182010001459 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (4) ◽

pp. 493-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. SUZUKI ◽

R. MURATA ◽

S. KOBAYASHI ◽

K. SADAMASU ◽

A. KAI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Human Infection ◽

The Other ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Animal Care

SUMMARYThe number of facilities in which customers make contact with cats before eating and drinking, called ‘cat cafés’, has recently increased in Tokyo, Japan. In a survey to clarify the possibility of zoonotic transmission in Giardia duodenalis, the infection rates of G. duodenalis in 321 stool samples of cats from 16 cat cafés, 31 pet shops, and the Animal Care and Consultation Center of Tokyo were 19·1% (22/115), 1·2% (1/85), and 2·5% (3/121), respectively. In the molecular analysis of 26 G. duodenalis isolates, 6 samples from 2 cat cafés belonged to the zoonotic genotype assemblage A I, and 20 other samples were of assemblage F. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) genes of the 20 assemblage F isolates revealed 2 major lineages. The 6 assemblage A isolates belonged to the same cluster with regard to the GDH gene; however, 2 of the 6 isolates belonged to a different cluster from the other 4 isolates with regard to the TPI gene. Therefore, a risk of transmission from cats to humans is suggested because of the detection of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in cat cafés.

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Genotype characterisation of Giardia duodenalis isolates from domestic and farm animals by SSU-rRNA gene sequencing

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.04.008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Federica Berrilli ◽

David Di Cave ◽

Claudio De Liberato ◽

Alessia Franco ◽

Paola Scaramozzino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Ssu Rrna ◽

Ssu Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

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Detection of potentially human infectious assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in fecal samples from beef and dairy cattle in Scotland

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018001117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (9) ◽

pp. 1123-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul M. Bartley ◽

Beeke K. Roehe ◽

Sarah Thomson ◽

Hannah J. Shaw ◽

Frederieke Peto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Age Groups ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Host Age ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Different Ages ◽

Sequence Types ◽

Assemblage B

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and assemblages of Giardia duodenalis present in Scottish beef and dairy cattle at different ages, to try to ascertain if cattle could play a role in the spread of zoonotic assemblages of Giardia. A total of 388 fecal samples (128 beef and 253 dairy, seven of unknown breed) were collected from 19 farms in Scotland. Samples were sub-divided by host age, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 7–24 and ⩾25 weeks. DNA was extracted and tested by PCR to detect G. duodenalis DNA. Of the 388 samples, 126 tested positive, giving an overall prevalence of 32.5%, with positive samples being observed in all age groups tested. The prevalence in dairy cattle was 44.7% (113/235), which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the prevalence in beef cattle 10.1% (13/128). Sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of assemblage E (77.2%, sequence types E-S1–E-S5), assemblage B (18.2%) and assemblage A (sub-assemblages AI-AII) (4.6%). These data demonstrate that G. duodenalis is found routinely in both dairy and beef cattle throughout Scotland; the presence of assemblages A and B also indicates that cattle may play a role in the spread of potentially zoonotic assemblages of Giardia.

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