scholarly journals Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy after Eye Injuries: An Overexpression of Growth Factors and Cytokines Leading to a Retinal Keloid

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Morescalchi ◽  
Sarah Duse ◽  
Elena Gambicorti ◽  
Mario R. Romano ◽  
Ciro Costagliola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Penetrating Ocular Trauma

Eye injury is a significant disabling worldwide health problem. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a common complication that develops in up to 40–60% of patients with an open-globe injury. Our knowledge about the pathogenesis of PVR has improved in the last decades. It seems that the introduction of immune cells into the vitreous, like in penetrating ocular trauma, triggers the production of growth factors and cytokines that come in contact with intra-retinal cells, like Müller cells and RPE cells. Growth factors and cytokines drive the cellular responses leading to PVR’s development. Knowledge of the pathobiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in posttraumatic PVR is increasing the possibilities of management, and it is hoped that in the future our treatment strategies will evolve, in particular adopting a multidrug approach, and become even more effective in vision recovery. This paper reviews the current literature and clinical trial data on the pathogenesis of PVR and its correlation with ocular trauma and describes the biochemical/molecular events that will be fundamental for the development of novel treatment strategies. This literature review included PubMed articles published from 1979 through 2013. Only studies written in English were included.

Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) characterized by the formation of fibro-cellular epiretinal membranes composed of extracellular matrix proteins and cells. PVR presents with a spectrum of severity ranging from subtle retinal wrinkling to funnel type totally, rigid retinal detachment. PVR is the major cause of failure in surgery to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. There exists a play between various cytokines/growth factors and the different cell types that drive the undesirable formation of periretinal membranes. This fundamental understanding is aiding in identifying different adjunct agents that can block the cellular events intrinsic to PVR. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the pathogenesis and discuss how the fundamental understanding of the cellular/molecular events is instrumental in developing the novel treatment strategies and current surgical trends that are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Penetrating Ocular Trauma Caused by Steel Wire from a Rotating Wire Brush: A Case Report with Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Thin Steel ◽  
Ocular Morbidity ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Penetrating Ocular Trauma

A 19-year-old young man came to emergency department with a complaint of injury in the left eye with a wire, while cleaning the car engine parts in the workshop with motorized rotating wire brush. He was referred immediately to the eye clinic. On examination of the left eye, a thin steel wire was seen penetrating at the nasal limbus which was projecting forwards. The wire was removed (33 mm in length) under aseptic precautions using topical anaesthesia. Postoperatively, he was treated with ciprofloxacin eye drops. The patient had no ocular morbidity; the vision was normal, and he was asymptomatic in the left eye. Eye injuries from rotating wire brushes are caused by detached fragments. These eyes should be examined in detail for the involvement of different structures of the eye; and should be treated adequately in-time to prevent visual loss/ blindness. Wearing of safety glasses/ full face shield while working is recommended to prevent such injuries.

Open Globe Repair

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fay Jou ◽  
Judith O Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Eye Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Gastric Contents

Ocular trauma in childhood is common and may cause transient or permanent visual impairment. The anesthetic management of children with penetrating eye injuries presents several unique challenges, including potential associated injuries that may take precedence over the treatment of the eye injury, the prevention of aspiration of gastric contents, the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP), and the prevention of the oculocardiac reflex (OCR). An understanding of the mechanisms and management of these potential problems can favorably influence surgical outcome.

scholarly journals Airway Innervation and Plasticity in Asthma

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. M. Kistemaker ◽  
Y. S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
And Function

Airway nerves represent a mechanistically and therapeutically important aspect that requires better highlighting in the context of diseases such as asthma. Altered structure and function (plasticity) of afferent and efferent airway innervation can contribute to airway diseases. We describe established anatomy, current understanding of how plasticity occurs, and contributions of plasticity to asthma, focusing on target-derived growth factors (neurotrophins). Perspectives toward novel treatment strategies and future research are provided.

scholarly journals Work tool-related eye injuries: Helsinki Ocular Trauma Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sahraravand ◽  
Anna-Kaisa Haavisto ◽  
Päivi Puska ◽  
Tiina Leivo
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Patient Questionnaires ◽  
Minor Injuries

Abstract Purpose To quantify and characterize the epidemiology, treatments, long-term outcome, and use of resources for work tool-related eye injuries and their severity. Methods We included all new patients with a work tool-related eye injury treated at the Helsinki University Eye Hospital in 1 year. The data were from hospital records, examinations, and patient questionnaires. The follow-ups were at 3 months and 6 years. Results Work tools caused 3% (37/1151) of all eye injuries. The mean age was 37 and 84% were men. Most injuries (84%) occurred at work (17) or at home (15). There were 14 minor injuries, 12 contusions, 9 open globe injuries (OGI), and 2 eyelid wounds. The annual incidence of work tool-related eye injuries was 2.4/100,000 and hospitalization 0.6/100,000. At 6-year follow-up, we re-examined 18 patients and 17 were interviewed by phone. Four patients were blinded. We recorded 690 sick leave days and 43 major operations. No traumatic glaucoma was diagnosed. Fifteen patients needed lifelong follow-up. Permanent impairment occurred in 30% (11) of work tool-related eye injuries, from whom, nine were caused by manual tools. Work tools comprised 10% of the permanently impaired, but 2.5% of the non-permanently impaired cases among all eye injuries (1151). Conclusion The proportional difference between the permanently impaired and the non-permanently impaired was higher in work tool-related eye injuries than other causes reported in previous Helsinki Ocular Trauma Studies. High-risk injuries were mainly caused by manual tools and nails and resulted in OGI.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Visual Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Ocular Trauma in Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fangnan Duan ◽  
Xiunian Chen ◽  
Sai Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Qi ◽  
Weiyun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Open Globe Injuries

Purpose. To analyze the clinical characteristics and visual prognoses of patients with ocular trauma treated in Shandong Eye Hospital. Methods. The inpatient data of patients with eye injuries hospitalized in our institution from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, including demographic information, types of trauma, causes of injury, treatment, and initial and final visual acuities. Results. A total of 1,425 patients (1,622 eyes), aged 39.5 ± 18.5 years, were included. The ratio of male to female was 5.3 : 1. Of the mechanical eye injuries, there were 490 (34.4%) open-globe injuries and 454 (31.9%) closed-globe injuries. Nonmechanical eye injuries had 426 patients (29.9%), while 55 patients (3.9%) had adnexal injuries. Over a half of the traumas were work-related (51.1%, 728 patients). Most patients were treated with surgical intervention (1,404 eyes, 87.9%). There were significant differences in the final visual acuities between open-globe injuries and closed-globe injuries (P<0.001), as well as between mechanical injuries and nonmechanical injuries (P<0.001). The final visual acuity was closely correlated with the initial visual acuity (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.618, P<0.001) and the OTS score (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.691, P<0.001). Conclusion. Ocular trauma usually occurs in young and middle-aged men and in the workplace in Shandong Province. The proportion of nonmechanical injuries is high, and the prognosis is poor. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of ocular trauma is useful for blindness prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Prolonged deployed hospital care in the management of military eye injuries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Singh Dhillon ◽  
Mohammad Salman Zia Ahmad ◽  
John Breeze ◽  
Richard James Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
British Military ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Military Patients ◽  
Trauma Score

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesProlonged hospital care is described as deployed medical care, applied beyond doctrinal planning timelines and military medical planning envisages that in future conflicts, patients will have to be managed for up to five days without evacuation to their home country. We aimed to investigate the effect of prolonged hospital care on visual outcomes in the management of open and closed globe injures.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in the setting of British military operations in Afghanistan. We included consecutive UK military patients with ocular trauma evacuated from Afghanistan between December 2005 and April 2013. We assessed outcome using best corrected visual acuity (VA) 6-12 months after injury.ResultsAll patients were male, with a mean age of 25. Outcomes adjusted for ocular trauma score (OTS) at presentation were similar to previous reports of military ocular trauma. The mean time to arrival at a centre with an ophthalmologist was 1.74 days. Both patients with penetrating open globe injuries and patients with hyphaema and an OTS of 3 or less displayed an association between worsening 6-12 month VA and time between injury and repair or assessment by an ophthalmologist.ConclusionTime to specialist ophthalmic care contributes to outcome after military open and closed globe injuries, supporting deployment of ophthalmologists on military operations.

scholarly journals Profile of Ocular Trauma Patients presenting to the National Eye Referral Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adekunmi Ibrahim ◽  
Danait Michael ◽  
Hermela Misghna ◽  
Amir Ibrahim ◽  
Rut Russom
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Open Globe Injury ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Ocular trauma is a significant disabling health problem and a leading cause of visual impairment and loss worldwide. These injuries have many diverse costs including human suffering, long term disabilities, loss of productivity and economic hardship. Therefore, assessing the profile of ocular trauma, the etiology and its outcome is critical to the prevention of ocular injuries Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on ocular trauma patients presenting to Berhan Ayni National Eye Referral Hospital from August – November, 2018. Data on demography, presenting visual acuity, type of injury and visual outcome were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The types of injuries were classified according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. Pearson Chi-Square test (χ2)/or Fisher’s exact test in the Crosstab procedure was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with blindness. Result 280 patients were seen with ocular trauma in the hospital during the study period. Males were 198 (70.7%) and peak age was 18–40 years. Ocular injury commonly occurred at home (31.8%), street and high way (31.4%) and workplace (28.9%). 24.7% of the injury was work-related. Common causes of injury were blunt objects (37.5%), sharp objects (31.1%) and fall (12.5%). 27.8% had open globe injury (OGI). Blindness was associated with rural residence (p < 0.0001), presentation greater than 24 hours (p = 0.04), non-use of eye protection goggles (p = 0.007), open globe injury (p = 0.018), posterior segment involvement (p < 0.0001) and hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Immediate and comprehensive medical care is mandatory for ocular trauma patients. Educating the public especially at home and workplace is essential to prevent eye injuries.

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