scholarly journals Immune Activation and Viral Replication after Vaccination with an Influenza A H1N1 2009 Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattawat Onlamoon ◽  
Petai Unpol ◽  
Michittra Boonchan ◽  
Kasama Sukapirom ◽  
Orasri Wittawatmongkol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Impact

Immunization with a pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 was recommended for HIV-infected patients. However, there is limited information concerning the impact of immunization with this vaccine on immune activation and HIV viral replication. In this study, 45 HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy were immunized with a 2-dose series of nonadjuvated monovalent influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine upon enrollment and approximately 1 month later. Immunogenicity was determined by haemagglutination inhibition assay. The level of immune activation was determined by identification of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ T cells. Patients were divided into 2 groups which include patients who had an undetectable HIV viral load (HIV detectable group) and patients who show virological failure (HIV nondetectable group). The results showed seroconversion rate of 55.2% in HIV nondetectable group, whereas 31.3% was found in HIV detectable group. Both groups of patients showed no major increase in immune activation after immunization. Interestingly, a decrease in the frequency of CD8+ T cells that coexpressed CD38 and HLA-DR was observed after immunization in both groups of patients. We suggested that immunization with influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine can induce immune response to the pandemic virus without major impact on HIV viral replication and immune activation.

Dominant enrichment of phenotypically activated CD38+HLA-DR+CD8+T cells, rather than CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+T cells, in HIV/HCV coinfected patients on antiretroviral therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1347-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella d'Ettorre ◽  
Giancarlo Ceccarelli ◽  
Sara Serafino ◽  
Noemi Giustini ◽  
Eugenio Nelson Cavallari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Hla Dr

Suppression of viral replication with highly active antiretroviral therapy has no impact on the functional profile of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1548-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola López ◽  
Vincent Soriano ◽  
Norma Rallón ◽  
Almudena Cascajero ◽  
Juan González-Lahoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Highly Active

scholarly journals Immune activation and arterial stiffness in lean adults with HIV on antiretroviral therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Longa Kaluba ◽  
Fastone Goma ◽  
Chris Guure ◽  
Sody Munsaka ◽  
Wilbroad Mutale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Greater T-cell activation was associated with reduced vascular compliance amongst persons living with HIV (PLWH) especially among overweight and obese individuals. There is a paucity of data regarding immune activation and arterial stiffness amongst PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Objective: To determine the association between immune activation and arterial stiffness in lean PLWH in SSA.Method: Forty-eight human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 5 years and 26 HIV-negative adults, all with BMI 25 kg/m2 and no history of CVD, were enrolled. The relationship of vascular compliance with circulating CD4+ and CD8+ naïve, memory, activated and senescent T cells, and serum 8-isoprostane was assessed by HIV status.Results: Increased immune activation was observed in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of PLWH, 16.7% vs. 8.9% and 22.0% vs. 12.4% respectively; p 0.001 (both). Furthermore, a higher proportion of senescent CD4+ T cells were associated with a lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV; p = 0.01), whilst a higher proportion of activated CD8+ T cells were associated with a lower carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV; p = 0.04), after adjustment for BMI and age. However, PLWH also had a higher median carotid-femoral augmentation index (cfAiX) (21.1% vs. 6.0%; p 0.05) in comparison to their HIV controls.Conclusion: Our population of lean PLWH had increased immune activation and higher cfAiX, a marker of arterial stiffness, compared to HIV-negative persons. The negative association between immune activation and arterial stiffness as measured by crPWV in PLHW on long-term treatment needs further elucidation.

scholarly journals Impact of Vaccination on Distribution of T Cell Subsets in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premrutai Thitilertdecha ◽  
Ladawan Khowawisetsut ◽  
Palanee Ammaranond ◽  
Poonsin Poungpairoj ◽  
Varangkana Tantithavorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
T Cell Subpopulations ◽  
The Impact

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is generally prescribed to patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with vaccination introduced to prevent disease complications. However, little is known about the influence of immunization on T cell subsets’ distribution during the course of infection. This study aims to identify the impact of viral replication and immunization on naïve, effector, effector memory, and central memory T cell subpopulations in ART-treated HIV-infected children. Fifty patients were recruited and injected intramuscularly with influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine on the day of enrollment (day 0) and day 28. Blood samples were collected for pre- and postvaccination on days 0 and 56 for analyzing T cell phenotypes by flow cytometry. Phenotypes of all T cell subsets remained the same after vaccination, except for a reduction in effector CD8+ T cells. Moreover, T cell subsets from patients with controllable viral load showed similar patterns to those with virological failure. Absolute CD4 count was also found to have a positive relationship with naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, vaccination and viral replication have a little effect on the distribution of T cell subpopulations. The CD4 count can be used for prediction of naïve T cell level in HIV-infected patients responding to ART.

Maternal Immune Activation with H1N1 or Toxoplasma gondii Antigens Induces Behavioral Impairments Associated with Mood Disorders in Rodents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vanessa B.M.G. Spini ◽  
Frederico Rogério Ferreira ◽  
Angelica Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Rener Matheus Francisco Duarte ◽  
Vitor Hélio Santos Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b>Epidemiological studies revealed that maternal exposure to influenza A (H1N1) and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) infection during pregnancy may increase the risk for mood disorders of the offspring. However, the impact of maternal infections in different stages of neural development and the nature of antigens remain to be elucidated. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study investigated behavioral impairments induced by maternal immune activation (MIA) due to H1N1 or <i>T. gondii</i> infection during preborn neurodevelopment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Maternal infection with influenza or toxoplasma was mimicked by administration of influenza vaccine antigens or suspension of soluble <i>T. gondii</i> antigen (STAg) in pregnant Balb/c mice at E6 or E16. Adult male offspring were evaluated for anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior in elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In FST, immobility time at E6 and E16 increased when the mothers were treated with both antigen solutions. There was increased immobility in the pups whose mothers were treated with STAg at E16. MIA with influenza antigens reduced the exploration of the open arms of EPM for the pups whose progenitors received treatment at E6 and E16. The animals at E6 exhibited a greater number of stretch-attend postures compared with the saline group. STAg at E6 reduced the time of exploration in the open arms and increased the number of stretch-attend postures compared with the saline group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These results suggest that immunological responses to H1N1 or <i>T. gondii</i> during pregnancy may impact differently the susceptibility of adult offspring to mood disorder.

scholarly journals Residual Viremia Is Linked to a Specific Immune Activation Profile in HIV-1-Infected Adults Under Efficient Antiretroviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Younas ◽  
Christina Psomas ◽  
Christelle Reynes ◽  
Renaud Cezar ◽  
Lucy Kundura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Activation Profile ◽  
Hiv 1

Chronic immune activation persists in persons living with HIV-1 even though they are aviremic under antiretroviral therapy, and fuels comorbidities. In previous studies, we have revealed that virologic responders present distinct profiles of immune activation, and that one of these profiles is related to microbial translocation. In the present work, we tested in 140 HIV-1-infected adults under efficient treatment for a mean duration of eight years whether low-level viremia might be another cause of immune activation. We observed that the frequency of viremia between 1 and 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (39.5 ± 24.7% versus 21.1 ± 22.5%, p = 0.033) and transient viremia above 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (15.1 ± 16.9% versus 3.3 ± 7.2%, p = 0.005) over the 2 last years was higher in patients with one profile of immune activation, Profile E, than in the other patients. Profile E, which is different from the profile related to microbial translocation with frequent CD38+ CD8+ T cells, is characterized by a high level of CD4+ T cell (cell surface expression of CD38), monocyte (plasma concentration of soluble CD14), and endothelium (plasma concentration of soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor) activation, whereas the other profiles presented low CD4:CD8 ratio, elevated proportions of central memory CD8+ T cells or HLA-DR+ CD4+ T cells, respectively. Our data reinforce the hypothesis that various etiological factors shape the form of the immune activation in virologic responders, resulting in specific profiles. Given the type of immune activation of Profile E, a potential causal link between low-level viremia and atherosclerosis should be investigated.

scholarly journals Normal human enthesis harbours conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with regulatory features and inducible IL-17A and TNF expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Watad ◽  
Hannah Rowe ◽  
Tobias Russell ◽  
Qiao Zhou ◽  
Lisa K Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe human enthesis conventional T cells are poorly characterised.ObjectivesTo study the biology of the conventional T cells in human enthesis.MethodsCD4+ and CD8+ T cells were investigated in 25 enthesis samples using immunofluorescence, cytometrically, bulk RNAseq and quantitative real-time PCR following anti-CD3/CD28 bead stimulation to determine interleukin (IL)-17A and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires were characterised and a search for putative T-cell reactivity was carried out using TCR3 database. The impact of pharmacological antagonism with retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t inhibitor (RORγti), methotrexate and phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor (PDE4i) was investigated.ResultsImmunofluorescence and cytometry suggested entheseal resident CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a resident memory phenotype (CD69+/CD45RA-) and tissue residency gene transcripts (higher NR4A1/AhR and lower KLF2/T-bet transcripts). Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed increased expression of immunomodulatory genes including IL-10 and TGF-β compared with peripheral blood T cells with entheseal CD8+ T cells having higher CD103, CD49a and lower SIPR1 transcript that matched CD4+ T cells. Following stimulation, CD4+ T cells produced more TNF than CD8+ T cells and IL-17A was produced exclusively by CD4+ T cells. RNAseq suggested both Cytomegalovirus and influenza A virus entheseal resident T-cell clonotype reactivity. TNF and IL-17A production from CD4+ T cells was effectively inhibited by PDE4i, while RORγti only reduced IL-17A secretion.ConclusionsHealthy human entheseal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibit regulatory characteristics and are predicted to exhibit antiviral reactivity with CD8+ T cells expressing higher levels of transcripts suggestive of tissue residency. Inducible IL-17A and TNF production can be robustly inhibited in vitro.

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