Altered Functional Connectivity of Cognitive-Related Cerebellar Subregions in Well-Recovered Stroke Patients

The cerebellum contains several cognitive-related subregions that are involved in different functional networks. The cerebellar crus II is correlated with the frontoparietal network (FPN), whereas the cerebellar IX is associated with the default-mode network (DMN). These two networks are anticorrelated and cooperatively implicated in cognitive control, which may facilitate the motor recovery in stroke patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in 25 subcortical ischemic stroke patients with well-recovered global motor function. Consistent with previous studies, the crus II was correlated with the FPN, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex, and the cerebellar IX was correlated with the DMN, including the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/Pcu), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), DLPFC, lateral parietal cortices, and anterior temporal cortices. No significantly increased rsFCs of these cerebellar subregions were found in stroke patients, suggesting that the rsFCs of the cognitive-related cerebellar subregions are not the critical factors contributing to the recovery of motor function in stroke patients. The finding of the disconnection in the cerebellar-related cognitive control networks may possibly explain the deficits in cognitive control function even in stroke patients with well-recovered global motor function.

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The altered right frontoparietal network functional connectivity in migraine and the modulation effect of treatment

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102416641665 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 161-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Zhengjie Li ◽

Lei Lan ◽

Fang Zeng ◽

Nikos Makris ◽

Jiwon Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Resting State ◽

Sham Acupuncture ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Frontoparietal Network ◽

Coping Process

Aims This study aims to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) of the right frontoparietal network (rFPN) between migraineurs and healthy controls (HCs) in order to determine how the rFPN rs-fc can be modulated by effective treatment. Methods One hundred patients and 46 matched HCs were recruited. Migraineurs were randomized to verum acupuncture, sham acupuncture, and waiting list groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after longitudinal treatments. Independent component analysis was applied in the data analysis. Results We found that migraineurs showed decreased rs-fc between the rFPN and bilateral precuneus compared with HCs. After treatments (real and sham), rFPN rs-fc with the precuneus was significantly reduced. This reduction was associated with headache intensity relief. In order to explore the role of the precuneus in acupuncture modulation, we performed a seed-based rs-fc analysis using the precuneus as a seed and found that the precuneus rs-fc with the bilateral rostral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced after treatment. Conclusion Our results suggest that migraineurs are associated with abnormal rFPN rs-fc. An effective treatment, such as acupuncture, may relieve symptoms by strengthening the cognitive adaptation/coping process. Elucidation of the adaptation/coping mechanisms may open up a new window for migraine management.

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O5-03-01: Decreased resting-state functional connectivity of posterior cingulate cortex in amnestic MCI-to-Alzheimer's disease converters and non-converters

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2013.04.481 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. P832-P833

Author(s):

Ying Han

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Posterior Cingulate ◽

Amnestic Mci

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Neural basis underlying the trait of attachment anxiety and avoidance revealed by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and resting-state functional connectivity

BMC Neuroscience ◽

10.1186/s12868-021-00617-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Min Deng ◽

Xing Zhang ◽

Xiaoyan Bi ◽

Chunhai Gao

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Attachment Anxiety ◽

Frequency Fluctuation ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Attachment Avoidance ◽

Posterior Cingulate

Abstract Background Attachment theory demonstrates that early attachment experience shapes internal working models with mental representations of self and close relationships, which affects personality traits and interpersonal relationships in adulthood. Although research has focused on brain structural and functional underpinnings to disentangle attachment styles in healthy individuals, little is known about the spontaneous brain activity associated with self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance during the resting state. Methods One hundred and nineteen individuals participated in the study, completing the Experience in Close Relationship scale immediately after an 8-min fMRI scanning. We used the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signal of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and resting-state functional connectivity to identify attachment-related regions and networks. Results Consequently, attachment anxiety is closely associated with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right posterior cingulate cortex, over-estimating emotional intensity and exaggerating outcomes. Moreover, the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus increases detection ability for potential threat or separation information, facilitating behavior motivation. The attachment avoidance is positively correlated with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the bilateral lingual gyrus and right postcentral and negatively correlated with the bilateral orbital frontal cortex and inferior temporal gyrus. Functional connection with attachment avoidance contains critical nodes in the medial temporal lobe memory system, frontal-parietal network, social cognition, and default mode network necessary to deactivate the attachment system and inhibit attachment-related behavior. Conclusion and implications These findings clarify the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and resting-state functional connectivity neural signature of attachment style, associated with attachment strategies in attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance individuals. These findings may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of the attachment-related disorder.

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Parental Education, Ethnicity, and Functional Connectivity between Nucleus Accumbens and Frontoparietal Network

10.5772/intechopen.101335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shervin Assari

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Parental Education ◽

Black People ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Latino Youth ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frontoparietal Network

While studies have indicated an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and neuroimaging measures, weaker SES effects are shown for Blacks than Whites. This is, in part, due to processes such as stratification, racism, minoritization, and othering of Black people in the United States. However, less is known about Latino youth. This study had two aims: First, to test the association between parental education and the right and left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) resting-state functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network (FPN) in children; and second, to investigate ethnic heterogeneity in this association. This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity data (rsFC) of 10,840 US preadolescents who were between 9 and 10 years old. The main outcomes were the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN separately calculated for right and left hemispheres. Parental education was our independent variable. Family structure, sex, and age were covariates. Furthermore, ethnicity (Latino vs. non-Latino) was regarded as the moderator. We used mixed-effects regression for data analysis with and without interaction terms between parental education and ethnicity. Most participants (n = 8690; 80.2%) were non-Latino and 2150 (19.8%) were Latino. Parental education was associated with higher right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN. Ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental education, suggesting that the positive associations between parental education and right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN were different in non-Latino and Latino children. For right hemisphere, we found significantly stronger and for left hemisphere, we found significantly weaker association for Latino compared with non-Latino preadolescents. Preadolescents’ NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN depends on the intersections of ethnicity, parental education, and laterality.

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Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S49-S50

Author(s):

Lydia Shackshaft

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

High Frequency ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanisms

AimsSevere and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) is a challenging condition to treat, with limited therapeutic options, high morbidity, and the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric illness. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment option, as evidence demonstrates promising efficacy in improving mood and reducing core Anorexia Nervosa symptoms, as well as safety and tolerability to patients. We aimed to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of rTMS use in SE-AN patients by assessing changes in resting state functional connectivity, in the first functional neuroimaging analysis investigating rTMS effects in Anorexia Nervosa patients.Method26 females with a current diagnosis of SE-AN received 20 sessions of sham or real high frequency rTMS (10 hertz) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a randomised double-blind trial. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after rTMS. Neural correlates of rTMS treatment were identified using a seed-based functional connectivity analysis with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral amygdalae as regions of interest. Functional connectivity differences were analysed using t-contrasts in a mixed ANOVA (flexible factorial analysis) to assess interactions between treatment group (real rTMS vs sham) and time-point (pre or post TMS).ResultNo statistically significant changes in resting-state functional connectivity were observed post-rTMS compared to baseline in participants receiving active rTMS compared to sham. Increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and left pre-supplementary motor area was observed to reach cluster-wise significance (PFWE < 0.05). However, after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (3 seed regions), this did not reach the significance threshold PFWE <0.017.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for further investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms, including resting-state functional connectivity modulation, resulting from rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in SE-AN patients. This requires higher powered studies to account for heterogeneity in treatment response. We have provided some indication that high frequency rTMS may have therapeutic benefit in SE-AN by modification of functional connectivity between prefrontal and limbic brain regions, resulting in improved top-down cognitive control over emotional processing and ability to enact goal-directed behaviours, enabling secondary reductions in eating disorder behaviours.

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