scholarly journals Smoking Prevalence Increases following Canterbury Earthquakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Erskine ◽  
Vivien Daley ◽  
Sue Stevenson ◽  
Bronwen Rhodes ◽  
Lutz Beckert
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Background. A magnitude 7.1 earthquake hit Canterbury in September 2010. This earthquake and associated aftershocks took the lives of 185 people and drastically changed residents’ living, working, and social conditions.Aim. To explore the impact of the earthquakes on smoking status and levels of tobacco consumption in the residents of Christchurch.Methods. Semistructured interviews were carried out in two city malls and the central bus exchange 15 months after the first earthquake. A total of 1001 people were interviewed.Results. In August 2010, prior to any earthquake, 409 (41%) participants had never smoked, 273 (27%) were currently smoking, and 316 (32%) were ex-smokers. Since the September 2010 earthquake, 76 (24%) of the 316 ex-smokers had smoked at least one cigarette and 29 (38.2%) had smoked more than 100 cigarettes. Of the 273 participants who were current smokers in August 2010, 93 (34.1%) had increased consumption following the earthquake, 94 (34.4%) had not changed, and 86 (31.5%) had decreased their consumption. 53 (57%) of the 93 people whose consumption increased reported that the earthquake and subsequent lifestyle changes as a reason to increase smoking.Conclusion. 24% of ex-smokers resumed smoking following the earthquake, resulting in increased smoking prevalence. Tobacco consumption levels increased in around one-third of current smokers.

scholarly journals Motivations for Smoking Cessation and the Impact of Regulatory Tax Increases Amongst Fathers within the Pacific Islands Families Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Shadan Tautolo ◽  
Leon Iusitini ◽  
Steve Taylor ◽  
Janis Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To examine the prevalence of smoking, motivations for cessation, and impact of tobacco excise tax increases amongst a cohort of Pacific fathers at 11 years after the birth of their child.Methods: Within the context of broader interviews, 723 Pacific fathers participating in the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study were surveyed about their smoking at the 11-year measurement point. Prevalence of smoking was calculated, alongside motivations to quit, and the impact of increases to the excise tax on tobacco.Results: Smoking prevalence amongst Pacific fathers remains high (38%) at 11 years postpartum, although 81% of smokers disclosed interest in quitting smoking. The strongest motivation to quit smoking was their ‘own health’ (n = 185, 82%), followed by ‘the cost’ (n = 148, 66%), and the impact on ‘their child's health’ (n = 113, 50%). Among smokers, 12% (n = 31) had never attempted to quit, whereas 63% (n = 159) had made multiple attempts. Approximately 70% (n = 191) of smokers indicated the New Zealand Government-initiated tobacco excise tax increases caused them to reduce their tobacco consumption.Conclusions: High smoking prevalence amongst this cohort raises serious concerns about the risks Pacific families and communities face from smoking. Maintaining a sustained series of tobacco excise tax increases, alongside the utilisation of information on key motivators for Pacific fathers to quit smoking, may prove more effective in supporting Pacific communities to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.

scholarly journals Impact of the NHS Stop Smoking Services on smoking prevalence in England: a simulation modelling evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujian Song ◽  
Tim Elwell-Sutton ◽  
Felix Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
State Transition Model ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe English National Health Service NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS), established in 2001, were the first such services in the world. An appropriate evaluation of the SSS has national and international significance. This modelling study sought to evaluate the impact of the SSS on changes in smoking prevalence in England.MethodsA discrete time state-transition model was developed to simulate changes in smoking status among the adult population in England during 2001–2016. Input parameters were based on data from national statistics, population representative surveys and published literature. The main outcome was the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence attributable to the SSS.ResultsSmoking prevalence was reduced by 10.8 % in absolute terms during 2001–2016 in England, and 15.3 % of the reduction could be attributable to the SSS. The percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence each year was on average 0.72%, and 0.11 % could be attributable to the SSS. The proportion of SSS supported quit attempts increased from 5.5 % in 2001, to as high as 18.9 % in 2011, and then reduced to 8.2 % in 2016. Quit attempts with SSS support had a higher success rate than those without SSS support (15.1% vs 11.3%). Smoking prevalence in England continued to decline after the SSS was much reduced from 2013 onwards.ConclusionsApproximately 15% of the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence during 2001–2016 in England may be attributable to the NHS SSS, although uncertainty remains regarding the actual impact of the formal smoking cessation services.

Smoking in Italy, 1990-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Romano Pagano ◽  
Adriano Decerli ◽  
Monica Ferraroni
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Smoking prevalence and patterns in Italy were analyzed using data from the 1990-1991 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 27, 135 males and 28,854 females aged 15 years or over, randomly selected within strata of geographic area and size of the place of residence and of the household, in order to be representative of the general Italian population. Overall, 26.9% of the Italians aged 15 years or over described themselves as current smokers (37.2% males, 17.4% females), and 14.0% as ex-smokers (22.2% males, 6.4% females). The difference in smoking prevalence between males and females was 65% below age 45, but increased substantially with increasing age up to 5-fold above age 65. Moderate smokers (< 15 cigarettes per day) were 12.6% of males and 10.4% of females, intermediate smokers (15 to 24 cigarettes per day) 17.7% of males and 5.5% of females, and heavy smokers (> 25 cigarettes per day) 6.3% of males and 1.5% of females. Pipe or cigar smokers were 0.6% of males. The averange number of cigarettes per smoker per day was 16.6 (17.9 for males, 14.0 for females). The overall smoking prevalence of 26.9% was the lowest registered since 1949, thus confirming the long-term steady decline of smoking, particularly among males. Smoking prevalence, however, has remained constant over the last 15 years among females, after substantial rises in previous calendar years. These falls in overall self-reported smoking prevalence were reflected in declines of legal sale figures (-15% between 1986 and 1991), although it is difficult to quantify the impact of smuggling on total tobacco consumption. Thus, at least part of the falls in self-reported tobacco consumption is attributable to increased underreporting. In males, but not in females, smoking was less frequent in northern (and wealthier) areas of the country, and in more educated individuals. The opposite pattern was observed in females, indicating that even more educated Italian women have not yet recognized the accumulated evidence on the health consequences of smoking. These patterns in smoking are reflected by recent trends in lung cancer, which show some decline in males but persistent upward trends in females, although still on much lower absolute values.

scholarly journals Systematic identification and referral of smokers attending HIV ambulatory care highlights the failure of current service provision in an at-risk population

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000395
Author(s):  
James Brown ◽  
Christianna Kyriacou ◽  
Elisha Pickett ◽  
Kelly Edwards ◽  
Hemal Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to smoke than the general population and are at greater risk of smoking-related illness. Healthcare services need to address this burden of preventable disease.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of a brief intervention that asked service users about smoking when they attended for ambulatory HIV care in London, UK, and offered referral to smoking cessation.ResultsOverall, 1548 HIV-positive individuals were asked about their smoking status over a 12-month period. Of this group, 385 (25%) reported that they were current smokers, 372 (97%) were offered referral to smoking cessation services and 154 (40%) accepted this. We established an outcome of referral for 114 (74%) individuals. A total of 36 (10% of smokers) attended stop smoking clinics and 16 (4%) individuals were recorded as having quit smoking.DiscussionThe simple intervention of asking PLWH about tobacco smoking and offering referral to smoking cessation services rapidly identified current smokers, 40% of whom accepted referral to smoking cessation services. This highlights the importance of promoting behaviour and lifestyle changes with every contact with health services. However, a large proportion of those referred were either not seen in local services or the outcome of referral could not be ascertained. If the risk of smoking-related morbidity among PLWH is to be reduced, more sustainable referral pathways and ways of improving uptake of smoking cessation services must be developed.

scholarly journals Impact of the NHS stop smoking services on smoking prevalence in England: a simulation modelling evaluation

2018 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujian Song ◽  
Tim Elwell-Sutton ◽  
Felix Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
State Transition Model ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe English National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSS), established in 2001, were the first such services in the world. An appropriate evaluation of the SSS has national and international significance. This modelling study sought to evaluate the impact of the SSS on changes in smoking prevalence in England.MethodsA discrete time state-transition model was developed to simulate changes in smoking status among the adult population in England during 2001–2016. Input parameters were based on data from national statistics, population representative surveys and published literature. The main outcome was the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence attributable to the SSS.ResultsSmoking prevalence was reduced by 10.8% in absolute terms during 2001–2016 in England, and 15.1% of the reduction could be attributable to the SSS. The percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence each year was on average 0.72%, and 0.11% could be attributable to the SSS. The proportion of SSS supported quit attempts increased from 5.6% in 2001, to as high as 19.3% in 2011, and then reduced to 8.4% in 2016. Quit attempts with SSS support had a higher success rate than those without SSS support (15.1%vs11.7%). Smoking prevalence in England continued to decline after the SSS was much reduced from 2013 onwards.ConclusionsApproximately 15% of the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence during 2001–2016 in England may be attributable to the NHS SSS, although uncertainty remains regarding the actual impact of the formal smoking cessation services.

scholarly journals Are Smoking Habits Changing among Spanish Health Professionals? Results from the SUN Cohort 1999–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. TUI.S3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruiz-Canela ◽  
M.A. Martínez-González ◽  
C. López-del Burgo ◽  
J. De Irala ◽  
J.J. Beunza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Smoking by health professionals is a very negative habit not only for their own health, but also because it diminishes their capacity to influence their smoker patients to quit their habits. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the trend of the smoking prevalence, as well as the impact of the 2005 Spanish Smoking Act, among healthcare professionals. Methods Participants were asked about their smoking consumption in the baseline and the follow-up questionnaires in a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of university graduates (the SUN Project) from 1999 to 2008. Non-conditional logistic regression models were fit to assess the relationship between type of profession and prevalence of smoking. Results The proportion of current smokers at the entrance into the cohort was 16.4% for physicians, 20.8% for pharmacists, 23.4% for nurses and 24% for other university graduates. The risk of being current smoker (adjusted OR [95% CI]) was lower in physicians (0.68 [0.61–0.76]) but not in pharmacists (0.94 [0.84–1.06]) or nurses (0.94 [0.84–1.05]) compared to other university graduates. All professional groups presented a statistically significant decline of smoking prevalence from 1999 to 2008. This decline might be at least partly due to the impact of the Spanish legislation on their smoking habits. Conclusion This study shows a decline in smoking prevalence among Spanish physicians. This decline has reached lower levels than what is current among other professionals and the general population. However, there is still a high number of smokers among health professionals, thus more efforts are needed to achieve lower levels of tobacco consumption.

scholarly journals Abdominal Massage for the Relief of Constipation in People with Parkinson’s: A Qualitative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McClurg ◽  
K. Walker ◽  
P. Aitchison ◽  
K. Jamieson ◽  
L. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Abdominal Massage ◽  
The Impact

Objectives.To explore the experiences of people with Parkinson’s (PwP) who suffer from constipation, the impact this has on their lives, and the effect of using lifestyle changes and abdominal massage as a form of constipation management.Method.Fourteen semistructured interviews were completed (8 males and 6 females; mean age 72.2 years) at the end of a care programme, which consisted of either lifestyle advice and abdominal massage (intervention group;n=7) or lifestyle advice only (control group;n=7). Data were analysed using constant-comparison techniques and Framework methods. Themes and key quotes were identified to depict major findings.Findings.Four key themes were identified: (i) the adverse impact of bowel problems on quality of life; (ii) positive experience of behaviour adjustments: experimentation; (iii) abdominal massage as a dynamic and relaxing tool: experiential learning (intervention group only); (iv) abdominal massage as a contingency plan: hesitation (control group only). Constipation was reported as having a significant impact on quality of life. Participants in both groups perceived lifestyle advice to relieve symptoms. Specific improvements were described in those who also received the abdominal massage.Conclusions.Both lifestyle advice and abdominal massage were perceived to be beneficial in relieving symptoms of constipation for PwP.

scholarly journals Proportion of Time Spent Delivering Support Predicts Stop Smoking Advisor Quit Rate Independently of Training, Experience, and Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Anastasi ◽  
Joanne Lusher ◽  
Chris Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Despite a downwards trend in smoking prevalence, smoking remains the UK's biggest preventable cause of premature mortality. Specialist stop smoking support programmes provided by the NHS have helped to reduce smoking prevalence and whilst there has been a vast amount of research investigating the most effective behavioural and pharmacological support models, little is known about the impact of smoking cessation advisor's smoking status and clinical effectiveness on quit rates. This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to NHS stop smoking advisor performance using a quantitative cross-sectional design via an online survey that was completed by 159 participants in 24 London boroughs. Multiple regression analyses revealed that level of training, years practiced, level of advisor education, number of patients supported in a given year, and smoking status had no significant impact on NHS stop smoking advisor quit rate in this sample. However, the model revealed that proportion of time spent delivering smoking cessation support was significantly associated with quit rate. It is imperative that this finding is considered when recruiting, commissioning, and training new smoking cessation advisors or provider organisations.

scholarly journals The impact of cigarette prices on smoking participation and tobacco expenditure in Vietnam

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260415
Author(s):  
Cuong Viet Nguyen ◽  
Thu Thi Le ◽  
Nguyen Hanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
The Real ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cigarette Prices

Vietnam is one of countries with the highest number of smokers in the world and the high smoking prevalence among men in the region. Although the real cigarette prices increased by around 4% during the 2010–2015 period, the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking among men decreased slightly from 31.3% to 30.7% during this period. This raises the question of whether cigarette consumption is sensitive to price. In this study, we estimated the effect of cigarette prices on smoking participation and tobacco expenditure in Vietnam. We found that a one-percent increase in the real cigarette price reduced the probability of cigarette smoking among males by 0.08 percentage points (95% CI from -0.06 to -0.10), equivalent to the price elasticity of the smoking prevalence at -0.26 (95% CI from -0.16% to -0.33%). Using this estimate, we predict that if the cigarette price is increased by 10%, the daily cigarette smoking prevalence among men would decrease from 30.7% to 29.9% and the number of male smokers would decline by around 270 thousand. Higher cigarette prices also reduced per capita tobacco expenditure of households. A one-percent increase in the cigarette price decreased per capita expenditure on tobacco consumption expenditure of households by 0.43 percent (the 95% CI from -0.029 to 0.822). This finding suggests that raising tobacco taxes and prices can be an effective measure to reduce tobacco use.

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