scholarly journals Methadone-Induced Toxic Brain Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Corré ◽  
Jérôme Pillot ◽  
Gilles Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Basal Ganglia Involvement ◽  
Methadone Overdose ◽  
The Right ◽  
Globi Pallidi

A 29-year-old man presented with comatose after methadone intoxication. Cerebral tomography only showed cortico-subcortical hypodense signal in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Brain MRI showed a rare imaging of FLAIR and DWI hyperintensities in the two cerebellar hemispheres as well as basal ganglia (globi pallidi), compatible with methadone overdose. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of both cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in methadone overdose.

scholarly journals Oculocerebrocutaneous Syndrome (Delleman Syndrome): A Case with a Novel Presentation of Orbital Involvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mahbobeh Bahmani ◽  
Razieh Naseri ◽  
Alireza Iraniparast ◽  
Raya Mokhtari ◽  
Seyed Hamed Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Orbital Content ◽  
Pediatric Neurologist ◽  
The Right

Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome (OCCS), also known as Delleman syndrome (DS), is a rare congenital anomaly featuring focal skin defects, orbital anomalies, and central nervous system malformations. Diagnosis of Delleman syndrome is based on the triad of eye, central nervous system (CNS), and cutaneous defects and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. A 23-day-old girl was referred to our department for brain imaging. The infant had multiple cutaneous appendages on the right side of her face. There also was a fleshy mass measuring about 12 mm over her right eye. Brain MRI demonstrated the evidence of colpocephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, nodular subependymal heterotopias adjacent to the right lateral ventricle, aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, hypoplasia of the right cerebellar hemisphere, and widening of CSF space in the posterior fossa. There was also an exophytic skin lesion on her right cheek, measuring about 13 × 12 mm in size. In the orbital MRI, there was a mixed cystic solid mass measuring about 25 × 20 mm in her right orbital cavity. The orbital content was abnormal and suggestive of rudimentary orbit. Considering the findings, diagnosis of oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome (Delleman syndrome) was established for the patient. Because of the variations in orbital and CNS manifestations, all patients with clinical suspicion of DS should be assessed by brain and orbital MRI and managed by a pediatric neurologist and ophthalmologist.

Intracranial Cisternal Lipoma Associated with Cerebellar Cortical Dysplasia Diagnosed Using Dixon Technique: A Case Report and a Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhee Hwang ◽  
Hyun Park ◽  
Hye Jin Baek ◽  
Kyeong Hwa Ryu ◽  
Eun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Intracranial Lipoma ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
The Right

Background: Intracranial lipomas are sporadic congenital malformations. Previous studies have shown various brain anomalies related to intracranial lipomas, most of which are agenesis or dysgenesis of the adjacent structures. To the best of our knowledge, cortical dysplasia related to intracranial lipoma has yet to be reported. Case Report: We present a rare case of intracranial lipoma in the quadrigeminal and superior cerebellar cisterns with combined cerebellar cortical dysplasia. A 43-year-old female underwent brain MRI to identify possible causes of headache. We made a confident diagnosis based on MR findings using Dixon technique, which is a fat-water separation method based on chemical shift. We also identified unique combined abnormalities of the right cerebellar hemisphere near the cisternal lipoma that showed an abnormal vertical orientation of the cerebellar folia and disorganized parenchymal pattern. Conclusion: This case exhibits the rareness of the intracranial lipoma related cerebellar cortical dysplasia by reviewing relevant literature and also highlights the usefulness of Dixon techniques in daily clinical practice.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the association between basal ganglia volumes and psychomotor symptoms in subjects with late life depression undergoing ECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. A. Van Cauwenberge ◽  
F. Bouckaert ◽  
K. Vansteelandt ◽  
C. Adamson ◽  
F. L. De Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
The Right

AbstractPsychomotor dysfunction (PMD) is a core element and key contributor to disability in late life depression (LLD), which responds well to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The neurobiology of PMD and its response to ECT are not well understood. We hypothesized that PMD in LLD is associated with lower striatal volume, and that striatal volume increase following ECT explains PMD improvement. We analyzed data from a two-center prospective cohort study of 110 LLD subjects (>55 years) receiving ECT. Brain MRI and assessment of mood, cognition, and PMD was performed 1 week before, 1 week after, and 6 months after ECT. Volumetry of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens was derived from automatically segmented brain MRIs using Freesurfer®. Linear multiple regression analyses were used to study associations between basal ganglia volume and PMD. Brain MRI was available for 66 patients 1 week post ECT and in 22 patients also six months post ECT. Baseline PMD was associated with a smaller left caudate nucleus. One week after ECT, PMD improved and volume increases were detected bilaterally in the caudate nucleus and putamen, and in the right nucleus accumbens. Improved PMD after ECT did not relate to the significant volume increases in these structures, but was predicted by a nonsignificant volume change in the right globus pallidus. No volume differences were detected 6 months after ECT, compared to baseline. Although PMD is related to lower striatal volume in LLD, ECT-induced increase of striatal volume does not explain PMD improvement.

Micrographia after thalamo-mesencephalic infarction

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kim ◽  
J. H. Im ◽  
S. U. Kwon ◽  
J. H. Kang ◽  
M. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
Anterior Thalamus ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer ◽  
Perfusion Spect ◽  
The Right

A patient with left thalamo-mesencephalic infarction presented with micrographia in the right hand as the only motor sign. Brain MRI and99m Tc ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) perfusion SPECT revealed ischemic lesions in the left midbrain and the anterior thalamus, but not in the basal ganglia, whereas [123I]-IPT SPECT demonstrated decreased activity of the [123I]-IPT in the left striatum. The patient's micrographia may be related to a dysfunctional nigrostriatal dopaminergic system secondary to ischemic damage to the substantia nigra.

Ketotic hyperglycemia and epilepsia partialis continua

Neurology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Placidi ◽  
R. Floris ◽  
A. Bozzao ◽  
A. Romigi ◽  
M. E. Baviera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Epilepsia Partialis Continua ◽  
Abnormal Signal ◽  
Abnormal Signal Intensity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ketotic Hyperglycemia

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) may occur during nonketotic hyperglycemia but has not been described with diabetic ketoacidosis. The authors report a patient with EPC associated with ketotic hyperglycemia. Brain MRI showed two areas of abnormal signal intensity in the left precentral gyrus and in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Hyperglycemia may reduce seizure threshold because of the increase in γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism and may trigger epileptic discharges.

scholarly journals Bilateral Supratentorial Subdural Hematomas after Craniotomy for Posterior Fossa Tumor Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
pp. e23-e25
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Solomou ◽  
Pantelis Kraniotis ◽  
George Bonanos ◽  
Constantine Constantoyannis
Keyword(s):  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Burr Hole Evacuation ◽  
The Right

AbstractA 69-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with headache and dizziness. He was submitted to brain computed tomography (CT) which showed a tumor in the right cerebellar hemisphere, findings which were subsequently confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He underwent a paramedian suboccipital craniotomy for removal of the mass. Histology confirmed the presence of a hemangiopericytoma. The patient was discharged 5 days postoperatively with improvement in his symptoms. Fifteen days later, he presented with gait difficulties. Clinical examination revealed positive Mingazzini sign on his left side. He was submitted to brain MRI which revealed bilateral subdural hematomas on late subacute stage with mass effect and midline shift caused by the largest on the right. The patient underwent burr hole evacuation of the right subdural hematoma. The postoperative CT showed evacuation of the right chronic subdural hematoma. Two days postoperatively, the patient's symptoms improved.

scholarly journals Isolated unilateral lingual paralysis in a supranuclear infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-622
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Kim ◽  
Kyoung Jin Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Hypoglossal Nucleus ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
The Right

Lingual paralysis can result from damage to both upper and lower motor neurons. However, since the hypoglossal nucleus is innervated from both hemispheres simultaneously, unilateral lingual paralysis caused by upper motor neuron has rarely been reported. We report a case which a patient isolated unilateral lingual paralysis due to supranuclear infarction. A 50-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to our hospital due to suddenly developed dysarthria. Her tongue deviated to the right on protrusion without fasciculation or atrophy. A brain MRI showed focal lesion in the left corona radiate and basal ganglia.

scholarly journals Reduced Interhemispheric Coherence in Cerebellar Kainic Acid-Induced Lateralized Dystonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Laura Georgescu Margarint ◽  
Ioana Antoaneta Georgescu ◽  
Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu ◽  
Stefan-Alexandru Tirlea ◽  
Alexandru Rǎzvan Şteopoaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
General Locomotor Activity ◽  
Complex Circuits ◽  
The Right

The execution of voluntary muscular activity is controlled by the primary motor cortex, together with the cerebellum and basal ganglia. The synchronization of neural activity in the intracortical network is crucial for the regulation of movements. In certain motor diseases, such as dystonia, this synchrony can be altered in any node of the cerebello-cortical network. Questions remain about how the cerebellum influences the motor cortex and interhemispheric communication. This research aims to study the interhemispheric cortical communication between the motor cortices during dystonia, a neurological movement syndrome consisting of sustained or repetitive involuntary muscle contractions. We pharmacologically induced lateralized dystonia to adult male albino mice by administering low doses of kainic acid on the left cerebellar hemisphere. Using electrocorticography and electromyography, we investigated the power spectral densities, cortico-muscular, and interhemispheric coherence between the right and left motor cortices, before and during dystonia, for five consecutive days. Mice displayed lateralized abnormal motor signs, a reduced general locomotor activity, and a high score of dystonia. The results showed a progressive interhemispheric coherence decrease in low-frequency bands (delta, theta, beta) during the first 3 days. The cortico-muscular coherence of the affected side had a significant increase in gamma bands on days 3 and 4. In conclusion, lateralized cerebellar dysfunction during dystonia was associated with a loss of connectivity in the motor cortices, suggesting a possible cortical compensation to the initial disturbances induced by cerebellar left hemisphere kainate activation by blocking the propagation of abnormal oscillations to the healthy hemisphere. However, the cerebellum is part of several overly complex circuits, therefore other mechanisms can still be involved in this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Gasperini Syndrome: A Case Report and Systematic Review and Proposing a New Definition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Riwaj Bhagat ◽  
Siddharth Narayanan ◽  
Marwa Elnazeir ◽  
Thong Diep Pham ◽  
Robert Paul Friedland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Brainstem Stroke ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Core Features

Gasperini syndrome (GS), a rare brainstem syndrome, is featured by ipsilateral cranial nerves (CN) V–VIII dysfunction with contralateral hemibody hypoesthesia. While there have been 18 reported cases, the GS definition remains ambiguous. We report a new case and reviewed the clinical features of this syndrome from all published reports to propose a new definition. A 57-year-old man with acute brainstem stroke had right CN V–VIII and XII palsies, left body hypoesthesia and ataxia. Brain MRI showed an acute stroke in the right caudal pons and bilateral cerebellum. After a systematic review, we classified the clinical manifestations into core and associate features based on the frequencies of occurring neurological deficits. We propose that a definitive GS requires the presence of ipsilateral CN VI and VII palsies, plus one or more of the other three core features (ipsilateral CN V, VIII palsies and contralateral hemibody hemihypalgesia). Additionally, GS, similar to Wallenberg’s syndrome, represents a spectrum that can have other associated neurological features. The revised definition presented in this study may enlighten physicians with the immediate recognition of the syndrome and help improve clinical localization of the lesions and its management.

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