Application of the Support Vector Machine to Predict Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

This study presented a potentially useful alternative approach to ascertain the presence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cows using support vector machine (SVM) techniques. The proposed method detected mastitis in a cross-sectional representative sample of Holstein dairy cattle milked using an automatic milking system. The study used such suspected indicators of mastitis as lactation rank, milk yield, electrical conductivity, average milking duration, and control season as input data. The output variable was somatic cell counts obtained from milk samples collected monthly throughout the 15 months of the control period. Cattle were judged to be healthy or infected based on those somatic cell counts. This study undertook a detailed scrutiny of the SVM methodology, constructing and examining a model which showed 89% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 50% error in mastitis detection.

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Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v73i2.557 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Kudinha ◽

C. Simango

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Cell Counts

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9 %) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 %), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2 %) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 % of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95 % of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9 %), S. epidermidis (7.4 %) and S. hominis (5.9 %). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90 %of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6 %), followed by lincomycin (13.7 %). About 8 % of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.

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Presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection in ewes

Current Proteomics ◽

10.2174/1570164617999200510234638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Angeliki I. Katsafadou ◽

Natalia G.C. Vasileiou ◽

George T. Tsangaris ◽

Katerina S. Ioannidi ◽

Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

The Mean ◽

Important Disease

: Aims: The importance of cathelicidin-1 as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection in ewes. Background: Mastitis is an important disease of sheep, affecting their health and welfare. Objective: The association of the presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples from ewes with mastitis with the severity of the infection. Methods: Ewes were intramammarily inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus chromogenes. Conventional (clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations; milk yield measurements) and proteomics evaluation (2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS) to record cathelicidin-1 spot optical densities in milk samples were recorded. Results: Ewes challenged with M. haemolytica developed clinical and ewes challenged with S. chromogenes subclinical mastitis (P=0.05). The challenge organism was isolated from milk samples from inoculated mammary glands; increased somatic cell counts were also recorded. Cathelicidin-1 was detected in milk samples from the inoculated side of udders of all ewes. Mean spot density of cathelicidin-1 from samples from inoculated glands of ewes challenged with M. haemolytica was higher than from ewes challenged with S. chromogenes: 2896 ± 973 versus 1312 ± 361 (P =0.034). There were significant correlations between the presence of clinical mastitis / somatic cell counts with the spot density of cathelicidin-1 on 2-DE gels (P=0.043 and P=0.023, respectively). There was also a significant inverse correlation between the mean spot densities of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples and the milk yield of respective ewes on D10 (P =0.031). Conclusion: Potentially, cathelicidin-1 could be used as a marker to indicate the severity of damage to the mammary parenchyma.

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Variations in dairy cattle somatic cell counts during lactation

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600022315 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1992 ◽

pp. 120-120

Author(s):

E. Mohammedi ◽

A. Sword ◽

D. J. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Sampling Time ◽

Representative Sampling ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Cell Counts

Somatic cell count of milk is a well established test of monitoring udder subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Its diurnal variation has been known for decades, (SMITH and SHULTZE 1967). However the association of somatic cell count to time of sampling has been poorly investigated (AOKI et al 1990), and little emphasis has been given to the representativity of samples for a period of 24h. By concentrating on the study of differences between morning and evening milkings throughout lactation, the objective of the current study was to stress the need for a standard representative sampling time, to avoid possible bias in the interpretation of somatic cell count data, whether for research purposes or routine health surveys.

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Evaluation and cluster analysis of inflammatory reactions of dairy cattle mastitis pathogens in milk samples submitted for microbiological examination

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2019174-15316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. e0505

Author(s):

Jose M. Diaz-Cao ◽

María L. Barreal ◽

Belén Pombo ◽

Alberto Prieto ◽

José M. Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Group I ◽

Major Pathogens ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

Aim of study: We have classified into homogenous groups a wide spectrum of mammary pathogens according to their frequency of isolation in clinical mastitis and their somatic cell counts in non-clinical mastitis.Area of study: The study was conducted in Galicia (NW Spain)Material and methods: 163,741 dairy cattle quarter milk samples were analyzed. We identified mastitis pathogens to the species level and performed a cluster analysis to classify these microorganisms by their median of Linear Score (mLS), percentage of isolation in clinical mastitis samples (%ICS) and percentage of isolation in samples with somatic cell counts under 100,000 cells/mL (%ISU100).Main results: Forty-three different species were isolated. Cluster analysis identified 4 groups of pathogens; mLS and %ICS progressively increased from Group I to Group IV and %ISU100 decreased. However, several pathogens included in groups II and III showed %ISU100 values higher than 2% and 3%. Minor pathogens were mainly clustered in Group I (e.g., Corynebacterium spp. and most of Staphylococcus spp.), while known major pathogens were included in Groups II, III y IV. Species of the same family, genus or microbiological group like Enterobacteriaceae or Enterococcus spp. were frequently separated into different groups, thus showing heterogeneity among the members of these groups.Research highlights: Results obtained here may aid in assessing the pathogenicity of sporadic pathogens in relation to more well-known pathogens and suggest that the traditional classification between minor and major pathogens is an oversimplification of the reality, especially for the latter category.

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Cytological quality of milk of primiparous cows kept in cubicles bedded with separated manure

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-60-19-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Stanisław Winnicki ◽

Zbigniew Sobek ◽

Ryszard Kujawiak ◽

Jerzy Jugowar ◽

Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Somatic Cells ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Daily Milk

Abstract. A study was conducted on the effect of separated manure as bedding material on milk quality as manifested in the somatic cell count. Cows were maintained in a loose barn in cubicles bedded with fresh separated cattle manure (SCM) with 40 % solids content. Analyses were conducted on 242 primiparous Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows in the course of a 305-day lactation. Mean milk yield in that period amounted to over 9000 kg per cow. Somatic cell counts, daily milk yields and chemical composition of milk were analysed. Data were obtained from analyses of 2324 milk samples. It was found that 93.3 % of samples contained less than 400 000 somatic cells per 1 mL milk. Approximately 4.3 % of milk samples contained the number of somatic cells indicating subclinical mastitis (200 000 cells mL−1), while in 2.4 % it was clinical mastitis (> 800 000 cells mL−1). The incidence rate for both forms of mastitis was similar in the beginning and at the end of lactation. Mean daily milk yield of cows producing milk classified according to quality (SCC) grades 1 (< 25 000 cells mL−1) and 2 (< 25 000; 50 000 > cells mL−1) was statistically significantly greater than the yields of other cows. For analysed milk constituents a relationship was found between SCC classes and contents of milk fat and solids. Conducted analyses showed that SCM as bedding in cow cubicles had no effect on somatic cell counts in milk of primiparous cows. The study was conducted in a single holding, in one lactation, on cows calving in 2014.

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Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200017634 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 86-86

Author(s):

G Wellwood ◽

J K Margerison

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Brown Swiss ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

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Effect of high somatic cell counts on reproductive performance of Chilean dairy cattle

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2008-1783 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 1575-1580 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

P.J. Pinedo ◽

P. Melendez ◽

J.A. Villagomez-Cortes ◽

C.A. Risco

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Cell Counts

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Intramammary infections and risk factors for clinical mastitis in herds with low somatic cell counts in bulk milk

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.125.15.393 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 125 (15) ◽

pp. 393-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Y. Schukken ◽

D. Van de Geer ◽

F. Grommers ◽

J. Smit ◽

A. Brand

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Intramammary Infections ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Bulk Milk

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Using dairy herd improvement records and clinical mastitis history to identify subclinical mastitis infections at dry-off

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029908003257 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 240-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Audrey H Torres ◽

Päivi J Rajala-Schultz ◽

Fred J DeGraves ◽

Kent H Hoblet

Keyword(s):

Dairy Herd ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Dry Cow Therapy ◽

Cell Counts ◽

On Farm ◽

First 90 Days ◽

Major Pathogens

Interest in selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) has been increasing owing to concerns over development of antimicrobial resistance. Implementation of SDCT, however, requires a quick and cost-effective on-farm method for identifying cows for treatment and cows that can be left without treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of clinical mastitis (CM) history and somatic cell counts (SCC) from monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records in identification of infected and uninfected cows at dry-off. A total of 647 Holstein cows were classified as uninfected or infected at dry-off based on CM history and varying number of monthly SCC records (with three different SCC cut-offs). Cows were considered uninfected based on the following criteria: (1) SCC <100 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; (2) SCC <200 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; (3) as criterion two, but additionally a cow was also considered uninfected if it experienced a case of CM during the first 3 months of the lactation and the SCC was <100 000 cells/ml for the rest of the lactation; (4) SCC <300 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; otherwise they were considered infected. Infected and uninfected cows at dry-off were most efficiently identified using three months' SCC records with a threshold of 200 000 cells/ml for cows without CM during the lactation and a threshold of 100 000 cells/ml during the rest of lactation for cows with CM during the first 90 days in milk. Moreover, this criterion also most efficiently identified cows infected with major pathogens only at dry-off. The success of the criteria used for identifying infected and uninfected cows will, however, depend on herd characteristics, such as prevalence of infection and type of pathogens present in the herd.

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