scholarly journals Biomass Combustion Control and Stabilization Using Low-Cost Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 685157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Piteľ ◽  
Jana Mižáková ◽  
Alexander Hošovský
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion Control

New Type of Distributed Biomass Combustion Device Necessity and Feasibility in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 4013-4016
Author(s):  
Chang Le Pang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Ren Jie Dong
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Type ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Commercial Energy

Worldwide changes in climate and environment forced us human beings to seek for alternatives to replace commercial energy products like coal and petroleum. However, there have some difficulties to promote commercial energy products in China’s rural areas and newly urbanized areas. Biomass combustion system will become one of the ideal devices for such areas in a period of time. It is necessary to develop new types of biomass combustion system consisting of gasification or Semi-Gasification and combustion units so that it can provide high efficiency and low cost for household purposes.

scholarly journals Pulse Reverse Alloy Plating for Increased Lifetimes for Biocombustors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Tim Hall ◽  
Santosh Vijapur ◽  
DAN WANG ◽  
Jennings E. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Alloy Steels

Biomass embodies tremendous potential as a renewable energy resource. According to the biomass Thermal Energy Council (BTEC), biomass energy is renewable, carbon neutral, domestic and technologically mature. In addition, the low cost per BTU of wood chips and pellets relative to fossil fuels makes biomass an attractive thermal energy source. Furthermore, ~7% of global energy consumption comprises small-scale biomass combustion, representing a tremendous market for technologies that facilitate enhanced biomass utilization. However, a major challenge associated with utilization of biomass is its combustion behavior. The moisture content, chemical composition, and combustion efficiency varies depending on the source of biomass. Small scale biomass combustors (Figure 1) which for cost reasons are often constructed of mild or low-alloy steels, during operation are subjected to corrosive environments which include alkali halides (borne, e.g., by fly ash particulates), mineral/halogen acids and water; as well as various others such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides. There is a need to create more efficient, longer lasting, cleaner, and cost effective cookstoves for use in burning biomaterials. The materials used for cookstoves must improve burning efficiency, must be able to operate at higher temperatures, and should be low cost material systems to durably perform in the corrosive environments.Within this context, Faraday Technology Inc. is working on developing low cost and high value corrosion-resistant alloy coatings for existing bio-combustors or lower cost steels with the goal of increasing their functional lifetime, while reducing the component cost. The manufacturing process involves electrodeposition of binary/ternary/quaternary alloys consisting of [Ni/Co]-Cr-[Mo/Fe] onto a low cost substrate and subsequent accelerated high temperature corrosion evaluation. A wide array of electrolytes and processing parameters were evaluated in order to understand these effects on the deposit composition, structure, and high-temperature corrosion resistance properties towards the goal of developing an ideal alloy coating. Specifically, 100 wt% Cr, 7 wt% Co- 93 wt% Cr binary and 15 wt% Ni – 20 wt% Cr – 55 wt% Co (NiCoCr) ternary alloy coatings demonstrated enhanced corrosion resistance when exposed to an aggressive environment (~700°C, 1000 hr, coating surface salted with ~1 mg/cm2 every 100 hours). When compared to the SS base material the Cr/CoCr alloy coatings exhibited effective protection to the substrate and over 10 times lifetime improvement to its base material.

scholarly journals Biomass Combustion Control in Small and Medium-Scale Boilers Based on Low Cost Sensing the Trend of Carbon Monoxide Emissions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Jana Mižáková ◽  
Ján Piteľ ◽  
Alexander Hošovský ◽  
Ivan Pavlenko ◽  
Marek Ochowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
The Real ◽  
Medium Scale

The article deals with the possibility of efficient control of small and medium-scale biomass-fired boilers by implementing low-cost sensors to sense the trend of carbon monoxide emissions into control of the biomass combustion process. Based on the theoretical analysis, a principle block diagram of the process control system was designed for the possibility of providing near-optimal control of the biomass combustion regardless of its quality parameters. A cost-effective hardware solution to obtain the dependence of CO emissions on O2 concentration in flue gas during combustion and new control algorithms was implemented into the process control and monitoring system of the biomass-fired boilers to test them in the real operation. A description of the designed control system, a data analysis of the monitored values and their impact on combustion process, and some results of the implemented control of the real biomass combustion process are presented in the article.

Development of a Methodology for Engine Performance Investigation Through Double Crankshaft Speed Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Matteo De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Management System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Simultaneous Acquisition ◽  
Key Factor

Optimal combustion control has become a key factor in modern automotive applications to guarantee low engine out emissions and good driveability. To meet these goals, the engine management system has to guarantee an accurate control of torque delivered by the engine and optimal combustion phasing. Both quantities can be calculated through a proper processing of in-cylinder pressure signal. However, in-cylinder pressure on-board installation is still uncommon, mainly due to problems related to pressure sensors' reliability and cost. Consequently, the increasing request for combustion control optimization spawned a great amount of research in the development of remote combustion sensing methodologies, i.e., algorithms that allow extracting useful information about combustion effectiveness via low-cost sensors, such as crankshaft speed, accelerometers, or microphones. Based on the simultaneous acquisition of two crankshaft speed signals, this paper analyses the information that can be extracted about crankshaft's torsional behavior through a proper processing of the acquired signals. In particular, the correlations existing between such information and indicated quantities (torque delivered by the engine and combustion phasing) have been analyzed. In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, each speed measurement has been performed at an end of the crankshaft, i.e., in correspondence of the flywheel and the distribution wheel. The presented approach has been applied to a light-duty L4 diesel engine mounted in a test cell. Nevertheless, the methodology is general, and it can be applied to engines with a different number of cylinders, both compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI).

Unburned material from biomass combustion as low-cost adsorbent for amoxicillin removal from wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 124732
Author(s):  
Juan F. Saldarriaga ◽  
Natalia A. Montoya ◽  
Idoia Estiati ◽  
Andrés T. Aguayo ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Amoxicillin Removal

Electrodeposited Inconel and Stellite like Coatings for Improved Corrosion Resistance in Biocombustors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hall ◽  
Santosh Vijapur ◽  
Jennings E. Taylor ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Maria Inman
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Biomass embodies tremendous potential as a renewable energy resource. According to the biomass thermal Energy Council (BTEC), biomass energy is renewable, carbon neutral, domestic and technologically mature. In addition, the low cost per BTU of wood chips and pellets relative to fossil fuels makes biomass an attractive thermal energy source. Furthermore, ~7% of global energy consumption comprises small-scale biomass combustion, representing a tremendous market for technologies that facilitate enhanced biomass utilization. However, a major challenge associated with utilization of biomass is its combustion behavior. The moisture content, chemical composition, and combustion efficiency varies depending on the source of biomass. Small scale biomass combustors, which for cost reasons are often constructed of mild or low-alloy steels, during operation are subjected to corrosive environments that include alkali halides (borne, e.g., by fly ash particulates), mineral/halogen acids and water; as well as various others such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides. There is a need to create more efficient, longer lasting, cleaner, and cost effective cookstoves for use in burning biomaterials. The materials used for cookstoves must improve burning efficiency, must be able operate at higher temperatures, and should be low cost material systems to durably perform in the corrosive environments. Within this context, Faraday Technology is working on developing low cost and high value corrosion-resistant alloy coatings for existing bio-combustors or lower cost steels with the goal of increasing their functional lifetime, while reducing the component cost. The manufacturing process involves electrodeposition of binary/ternary/quaternary alloys consisting of [Ni/Co]-Cr-[Mo/Fe] onto a low cost substrate and subsequent accelerated high temperature corrosion evaluation. A wide array of electrolytes and processing parameters were evaluated in order to understand these effects on the deposit composition, structure, and high-temperature corrosion resistance properties towards the goal of developing an ideal alloy coating. Specifically, 60 wt% Ni – 40 wt% Cr (NiCr) binary and 25 wt% Ni – 20 wt% Cr – 55 wt% Co (NiCoCr) ternary alloy coatings demonstrated enhanced corrosion resistance when exposed to an aggressive environment (~700°C, 1000 hr, coating surface salted with ~3 mg/cm2 every 100 hours). When compared to the SS base material the NiCr and NiCoCr alloy coatings exhibited a 70% lower weight loss and 3.4 times lifetime improvement over its base material.

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