scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect of Oral Borapetol B Compound, Isolated from the PlantTinospora crispa, by Stimulating Insulin Release

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faradianna E. Lokman ◽  
Harvest F. Gu ◽  
Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud ◽  
Mashitah M. Yusoff ◽  
Keh Leong Chia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Isolated Islets ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels

Aims. To evaluate the antidiabetic properties of borapetol B known as compound 1 (C1) isolated fromTinospora crispain normoglycemic control Wistar (W) and spontaneously type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.Methods. The effect of C1 on blood glucose and plasma insulin was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test. The effect of C1 on insulin secretion was assessed by batch incubation and perifusion experiments using isolated pancreatic islets.Results. An acute oral administration of C1 improved blood glucose levels in treated versus placebo groups with areas under glucose curves 0–120 min being72±17versus344±10 mmol/L (P<0.001) and492±63versus862±55 mmol/L (P<0.01) in W and GK rats, respectively. Plasma insulin levels were increased by 2-fold in treated W and GK rats versus placebo group at 30 min (P<0.05). C1 dose-dependently increased insulin secretion from W and GK isolated islets at 3.3 mM and 16.7 mM glucose. The perifusions of isolated islets indicated that C1 did not cause leakage of insulin by damaging islet beta cells (P<0.001).Conclusion. This study provides evidence that borapetol B (C1) has antidiabetic properties mainly due to its stimulation of insulin release.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

Relation between plasma insulin and blood glucose in a cross-sectional population study of the oral glucose tolerance test

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Berntorp ◽  
E. Trell ◽  
J. Thorell ◽  
B. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Abstract. In a material of 3596 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) performed in a population investigation of middle-aged males in Malmö, fasting and 120 min values of blood glucose and plasma insulin immunoreactivity (IRI) were studied while taking factors like body weight, smoking, alcohol, gastric resection and selfreported diabetes heredity into account. The fasting as well as the 120 min levels of both glucose and IRI were markedly influenced by body weight and smoking habits but not by the hereditary background. At 120 min, but not in the fasting state, there was a linear correlation between the IRI and glucose levels. The increase of IRI on glucose was significantly steeper in most of the hereditary subjects in comparison with their non-hereditary controls.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of somatostatin on insulin secretion is not mediated via the CNS

2015 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid C Hauge-Evans ◽  
James Bowe ◽  
Zara J Franklin ◽  
Zoheb Hassan ◽  
Peter M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Isolated Islets ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

The inhibitory effect of somatostatin (SST) on insulin secretionin vivois attributed to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells, but this is inconsistent with somein vitroresults in which exogenous SST is ineffective in inhibiting secretion from isolated islets. We therefore investigated whether insulin secretion from the pancreatic islets may partly be regulated by an indirect effect of SST mediated via the CNS. Islet hormone secretion was assessedin vitroby perifusion and static incubations of isolated islets andin vivoby i.v. or i.c.v. administration of the SST analogue BIM23014C with an i.v. glucose challenge to conscious, chronically catheterised rats. Hormone content of samples was assessed by ELISA or RIA and blood glucose levels using a glucose meter. Exogenous SST14/SST28 or BIM23014C did not inhibit the release of insulin from isolated rodent isletsin vitro, whereas peripheral i.v. administration of BIM23014C (7.5 μg) with glucose (1 g/kg) led to decreased plasma insulin content (2.3±0.5 ng insulin/ml versus 4.5±0.5 ng/ml att=5 min,P<0.001) and elevated blood glucose levels compared with those of the controls (29.19±1.3 mmol/l versus 23.5±1.7 mmol/l,P<0.05). In contrast, central i.c.v. injection of BIM23014C (0.75 μg) had no significant effect on either plasma insulin (3.3±0.4 ng/ml,P>0.05) or blood glucose levels (23.5±1.7 mmol/l,P>0.05) although i.v. administration of this dose increased blood glucose concentrations (32.3±0.7 mmol/l,P<0.01). BIM23014C did not measurably alter plasma glucagon, SST, GLP1 or catecholamine levels whether injected i.v. or i.c.v. These results indicate that SST does not suppress insulin secretion by a centrally mediated effect but acts peripherally on islet cells.

Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Corrigiola telephiifolia in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr, is a perennial species, woody distributed throughout the north of Africa. This plant is used in traditional Mediterranean preparations and has many traditional uses especially treatment of diabetes. Aim/Methods: The current research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Aerial Parts of Aqueous Extract (APAE) of Corrigiola telephiifolia (C. telephiifolia) on both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated at a dose of 5 mg/kg for fifteen days. Additionally, the histopathological changes in the liver, morphometric analysis, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in normal rats and preliminary phytochemical screening for various components were realized. Results: Single oral administration of the APAE of C. telephiifolia (5mg/kg) showed no significant change in glycaemia of normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In contrast, repeated oral administration of C. telephiifolia reduced blood glucose levels from 4.11 ± 0.10 mmol/L to 3.16 ± 0.16 mmol/L (p<0.01) 15 days after administration in normal rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels decreased from 17.84 ± 1.75mmol/L to 1.93 ± 0.33 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in STZ diabetic rats after fifteen days of treatment. According to the oral glucose tolerance test, C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) was shown to prevent significantly the increase in blood glucose levels in normal treated rats 30 min after glucose administration when compared to the control group. Also, the liver architecture of diabetic rats treated by C. telephiifolia was improved when compared with the liver architecture of untreated diabetic rats. Concerning the preliminary phytochemical screening of C. telephiifolia, several compounds have been found such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage and terpenoids. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous extract of C. telephiifolia possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity.

scholarly journals The possible mechanisms by which phanoside stimulates insulin secretion from rat islets

2007 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khanh Hoa ◽  
Åke Norberg ◽  
Rannar Sillard ◽  
Dao Van Phan ◽  
Nguyen Duy Thuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Gk Rat ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Rat Islets

We recently showed that phanoside, a gypenoside isolated from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, stimulates insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets. To study the mechanisms by which phanoside stimulates insulin secretion. Isolated pancreatic islets of normal Wistar (W) rats and spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were batch incubated or perifused. At both 3.3 and 16.7 mM glucose, phanoside stimulated insulin secretion several fold in both W and diabetic GK rat islets. In perifusion of W islets, phanoside (75 and 150 μM) dose dependently increased insulin secretion that returned to basal levels when phanoside was omitted. When W rat islets were incubated at 3.3 mM glucose with 150 μM phanoside and 0.25 mM diazoxide to keep K-ATP channels open, insulin secretion was similar to that in islets incubated in 150 μM phanoside alone. At 16.7 mM glucose, phanoside-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced in the presence of 0.25 mM diazoxide (P<0.01). In W islets depolarized by 50 mM KCl and with diazoxide, phanoside stimulated insulin release twofold at 3.3 mM glucose but did not further increase the release at 16.7 mM glucose. When using nimodipine to block L-type Ca2+ channels in B-cells, phanoside-induced insulin secretion was unaffected at 3.3 mM glucose but decreased at 16.7 mM glucose (P<0.01). Pretreatment of islets with pertussis toxin to inhibit exocytotic Ge-protein did not affect insulin response to 150 μM phanoside. Phanoside stimulated insulin secretion from Wand GK rat islets. This effect seems to be exerted distal to K-ATP channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, which is on the exocytotic machinery of the B-cells.

scholarly journals Altered Glucose and Insulin Responses to Brain Medullary Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)-Induced Autonomic Activation in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 5425-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ao ◽  
Natalie Toy ◽  
Moon K. Song ◽  
Vay Liang W. Go ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Insulin Responses

Insulin secretion is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The insulin and glucose responses to central autonomic activation induced by excitation of brain medullary TRH receptors were studied in T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Blood glucose levels in normally fed, pentobarbital-anesthetized GK and nondiabetic Wistar rats were 193 and 119 mg/100 ml in males and 214 and 131 mg/100 ml in females. Intracisternal injection (ic) of the stable TRH analog RX 77368 (10 ng) induced significantly higher insulin response in both genders of overnight-fasted GK rats compared with Wistar rats and slightly increased blood glucose in female Wistar rats but significantly decreased it from 193 to 145 mg/100 ml in female GK rats. RX 77368 (50 ng) ic induced markedly greater glucose and relatively weaker insulin responses in male GK rats than Wistar rats. Bilateral vagotomy blocked ic RX 77368-induced insulin secretion, whereas adrenalectomy abolished its hyperglycemic effect. In adrenalectomized male GK but not Wistar rats, ic RX 77368 (50 ng) dramatically increased serum insulin levels by 6.5-fold and decreased blood glucose levels from 154 to 98 mg/100 ml; these changes were prevented by vagotomy. GK rats had higher basal pancreatic insulin II mRNA levels but a lower response to ic RX 77368 (50 ng) compared with Wistar rats. These results indicate that central-vagal activation-induced insulin secretion is susceptible in T2D GK rats. However, the dominant sympathetic-adrenal response to medullary TRH plays a suppressing role on vagal-mediated insulin secretion. This unbalanced vago-sympathetic activation by medullary TRH may contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in T2D.

scholarly journals A Nutraceutical Combination of Cinnamon, Purple Onion, and Tea Linked with Key Enzymes on Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lebin Weng ◽  
Ting-Hsu Chen ◽  
Liyue Huang ◽  
Dong Lai ◽  
Yaw-Syan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Tea Extract

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is concomitant with significant morbidity and mortality and its prevalence is accumulative worldwide. The conventional antidiabetic agents are known to mitigate the symptoms of diabetes; however, they may also cause adverse effects. This study explores the efficacy of polyherbal dietary supplement cinnamon, purple onion, and tea on the mediation of postprandial hyperglycemia for in the search of combinations with a maximal response. Materials and methods: A starch solution (3 g/kg Bwt) of oral starch tolerance test (OSTT) and glucose solution (4 g/kg Bwt) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with and without cinnamon, purple onion, tea extract (15 mg/kg Bwt), and mixture (each 5 mg/kg Bwt, 1:1:1), metformin (14 mg/kg Bwt), or acarbose (50 mg/kg Bwt) was administered to high fat plus high fructose-induced diabetic mice after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. Results: Compared with acarbose, the mixture of extracts (purple onion, cinnamon, and tea) indicated decreasing blood glucose in OSTT. In OGTT, the mixture of extracts showed greater efficacy for hypoglycemia when compared with metformin. The molecular docking of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and AMPK confirmed the putatively acting molecules from the extracts of purple onion, cinnamon, and tea. Conclusions: Overall, this investigation evidenced a beneficial mediation for the progression of lowering blood glucose with a combinatory extract of cinnamon, dietary onion, and tea, implicating their prospective as nutraceuticals that might ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetes.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of hypoglycemic properties of the root extract of Uveria chamae

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emordi Jonathan Emeka ◽  
Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin ◽  
Oreagba Ibrahim Adekunle ◽  
Iribhogbe Osede Ignis
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycaemic properties and preliminary phytochemical screening of <em>Uveria chamae</em>. The hypoglycaemic properties of <em>Uveria chamae</em> was assessed on normoglycaemic rat that received single dose of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and blood glucose levels estimated at 2, 4, and 6 hours (single dose study). The hypoglycaemic property of the extract was also evaluated in normoglycemic rats by oral glucose tolerance test. Phytochemical screening of the extract for the presence of secondary metabolites was performed with standard methods. The extract showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels at 2h and 6h compared to control.  The oral glucose tolerance test  result also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in blood glucose levels . The study showed that the extract, <em>Uveria chamae</em> has hypoglycaemic properties which may be accounted for by the presence of the phytochemicals.</p><p> </p>

Incretin release from gut is acutely enhanced by sugar but not by sweeteners in vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (3) ◽  
pp. E473-E479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Fujita ◽  
Rhonda D. Wideman ◽  
Madeleine Speck ◽  
Ali Asadi ◽  
David S. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are released during meals from endocrine cells located in the gut mucosa and stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Although the gut epithelium senses luminal sugars, the mechanism of sugar sensing and its downstream events coupled to the release of the incretin hormones are not clearly elucidated. Recently, it was reported that sucralose, a sweetener that activates the sweet receptors of taste buds, triggers incretin release from a murine enteroendocrine cell line in vitro. We confirmed that immunoreactivity of α-gustducin, a key G-coupled protein involved in taste sensing, is sometimes colocalized with GIP in rat duodenum. We investigated whether secretion of incretins in response to carbohydrates is mediated via taste receptors by feeding rats the sweet-tasting compounds saccharin, acesulfame potassium, d-tryptophan, sucralose, or stevia. Oral gavage of these sweeteners did not reduce the blood glucose excursion to a subsequent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Neither oral sucralose nor oral stevia reduced blood glucose levels in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Finally, whereas oral glucose increased plasma GIP levels ∼4-fold and GLP-1 levels ∼2.5-fold postadministration, none of the sweeteners tested significantly increased levels of these incretins. Collectively, our findings do not support the concept that release of incretins from enteroendocrine cells is triggered by carbohydrates via a pathway identical to the sensation of “sweet taste” in the tongue.

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