scholarly journals Optimization and Modelling of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal by ANAMMOX Process Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Jalilzadeh ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Alireza Mesdaghinia ◽  
Aliakbar Azimi ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

A systematic model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal using the ANAMMOX (Anaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process was provided based on an experimental design. At first, the experimental data was collected from a combined biological aerobic/anaerobic reactor. For modelling and optimization of COD removal, the main parameters were considered, such as COD loading, ammonium, pH, and temperature. From the models, the optimum conditions were determined as COD 97.5 mg/L, ammonium concentration equal to 28.75 mg-N/L, pH 7.72, and temperature 31.3°C. Finally, the analysis of the optimum conditions, performed by the response surface method, predicted COD removal efficiency of 81.07% at the optimum condition.

Optimisation of chemical oxygen demand removal from landfill leachate by sonocatalytic degradation in the presence of cupric oxide nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paria Amirian ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Abolfazl Payandeh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles

Leachate is the liquid formed when waste breaks down in the landfill and water filters through that waste. This liquid is very toxic and can pollute the land, ground water, and water resources. In most countries, it is mandatory for landfills to be protected against leachate. In addition to all other harms to the environment, disposal of raw landfill leachate can be a major source of hazard to closed water bodies. Hence, treatment of landfill leachate is considered an essential step prior to its discharge from source. This article describes the sonocatalytic degradation of chemical oxygen demand in landfill leachate using cupric oxide nanoparticles as sonocatalyst (cupric oxide/ultrasonic) and aims to establish this method as an effective alternative to currently used approaches. An ideal experimental design was carried out based on a central composite design with response surface methodology. The response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of process variables including pH values (3, 7, 11), cupric oxide nanoparticles dose (0.02, 0.035, 0.05 g), reaction time (10, 35, 60 minutes), ultrasonic frequency (35, 37, 130 KHz), and their interaction towards the attainment of their optimum conditions. The derived second-order model, including both significant linear and quadratic terms, seemed to be adequate in predicting responses (R2 = 0.9684 and prediction R2 = 0.9581). The optimum conditions for the maximum chemical oxygen demand sonocatalytic degradation of 85.82% were found to be pH 6.9, cupric oxide nanoparticles dosage of 0.05 gr L−1, and the ultrasonic frequency of 130 kHz at a contact time of 10 min.

Optimization of Cu/TiO2 Preparation Variables Using Response Surface Method for Photodegradation of Diisopropanolamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Raihan Mahirah Ramli ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Abdul Aziz Omar
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Calcination Duration

The Cu/TiO2photocatalyst preparation variables namely Cu loading, calcination temperature and calcination duration were optimized using response surface methodology. A set of experiments were conducted to obtain the response data which was then analyzed using Design Expert software. The analysis of variance revealed that COD removal from aqueous DIPA solution fitted a quadratic polynomial model with high coefficient of determination (R2= 0.99). The Cu loading was found to be the most significant variable, which then followed by calcination time and the least significant variable was calcination temperature. The optimum condition for the preparation of Cu/TiO2photocatalyst for photodegradation of aqueous diisopropanolamine solution was observed at 1.8 wt% Cu loading calcined at 425 °C for 1.0 h. At the optimum condition, 61.15 % of COD removal was achieved. The optimum conditions of the current study will be used for kinetic study.

Optimization and statistical analysis of sono-Fenton treated wastewater of food industry using reactor by response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Juwar ◽  
Ajit P. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio

Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).

Combining Response Surface Method and Metaheuristic Algorithms for Optimizing SPIF Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Amr Ahmed Shaaban ◽  
Omar Mahmoud Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Surface Method

Recently, studies have focused on optimization as a method to reach the finest conditions for metal forming processes. This study tests various optimization techniques to determine the optimum conditions for single point incremental forming (SPIF). SPIF is a die-less forming process that depends on moving a tool along a path designed for a specific feature. As it involves various parameters, optimization based on experimental studies would be costly, hence a finite element model (FE-model) for the SPIF process is developed and validated through experimental results. In the second phase, statistical analyses based on the response surface method (RSM) are conducted. The optimum conditions are determined using the desirability optimization method, in addition to two metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results of all optimization techniques are compared to each other and a confirmation test using the FE-model is subsequently performed.

The use of steel slags in the heterogeneous Fenton process for decreasing the chemical oxygen demand of oil refinery wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Heidari ◽  
Mohsen Soleimani ◽  
Nourollah Mirghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Oil Refinery Wastewater

Abstract The Fenton process is a useful and inexpensive type of advanced oxidation process for industrial wastewater treatment. This study was performed with the aim of using the steel slag as a catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process in order to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of oil refinery wastewater. The effects of various parameters including the reaction time (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 h), pH (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0), the concentration of steel slag (12.5, 25.0 and 37.5 g/L), and H2O2 concentration (100, 250, 400 and 500 mg/L) on the Fenton process were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of microwave irradiation on the process efficiency was studied by considering the optimum conditions of the mentioned parameters. The results showed that using 25.0 g/L of steel slag and 250 mg/L H2O2, at pH = 3.0, could reduce COD by up to 64% after 2.0 h. Also, microwave irradiation decreased the time of the process from 120 min to 25 min in the optimum conditions, but it consumed a high amount of energy. It could be concluded that steel slags had a high potential in the treatment of oil refinery wastewater through the Fenton process.

Electrochemical Peroxidation Method for Reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Carbofuran in Furadan 3GR Pesticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Ayu Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Suhartana Suhartana ◽  
Damar Nurwahyu Bima
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Spectrum Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results

Carbofuran is a pollutant compound derived from the pesticide Furadan 3GR which is widely used in agriculture. Various methods of carbofuran degradation have been carried out, one of which is the conventional electrochemical method. This study used an electrochemical peroxidation process to degrade Carbofuran in the pesticide Furadan 3GR. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions (time, Na2SO4 concentration, and volume addition of H2O2) for electrochemical peroxidation and to compare the effectiveness of electrochemical and electrochemical peroxidation methods by measuring the parameter of carbofuran COD reduction. The significance of the electrochemical peroxidation method and the conventional electrochemical method was compared as a preliminary test. The COD reduction of Carbofuran using traditional electrochemical methods and electrochemical peroxidation was 45.76% and 88.70%, respectively. Batch carbofuran electrochemical peroxidation process was accomplished to ascertain the optimum conditions under various operation times, the concentration of Na2SO4, and the additional volume of H2O2. The largest COD reduction of 93.78% was obtained at 10 minutes, 75 mM Na2SO4, and 2 mL H2O2. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric absorption of Carbofuran at a wavelength of 274 nm was significantly reduced from 1.377 to 0.131 at optimum conditions. The IR spectrum measurement results indicate a reduction in absorbance for the N-H group (3383 cm-1) and the C=O group (1643 cm-1) at optimum conditions. Overall, the electrochemical peroxidation process proved to be an appropriate technique for COD reduction of Carbofuran in Furadan 3GR pesticides.

scholarly journals Innovative Effluent Capture and Evacuation Device that Increases COD Removal Efficiency in Subsurface Flow Wetlands

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cisterna-Osorio ◽  
Verónica Lazcano-Castro ◽  
Gisela Silva-Vasquez ◽  
Mauricio Llanos-Baeza ◽  
Ignacio Fuentes-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Discharge Device ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Conventional Device

The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of innovative modifications made to conventional effluent capture and discharge devices used in subsurface flow wetlands (SSFW). The main modifications that have been developed extend the influence of the capture and discharge device in such a way that the SSFW width and height are fully covered. This improved innovative device was applied and evaluated in two subsurface flow wetlands, one on a pilot scale and one on a real scale. To evaluate the impact of the innovative device with respect to the conventional one in the operational functioning of subsurface flow wetlands, the elimination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured and compared. The results show that for the innovative device, the COD removal was 10% higher than for the conventional device, confirming the validity and effectiveness of the modifications implemented in the effluent capture and discharge devices used in SSFW.

Electrochemical oxidative degradation of indigo wastewater based on chlorine-containing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Lv ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Jiming Yao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Content Type

Purpose In this study, the oxidative degradation performance of indigo wastewater based on electrochemical systems was explored. The decolourization degrees, removal rate of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of the indigo wastewater after degradation were evaluated and optimized treatment conditions being obtained. Design/methodology/approach The single factor method was first used to select the electrolyte system and electrode materials. Then the response surface analysis based on Box–Behnken Design was chosen to determine the influence of four independent variables such as FeCl3 concentration, NaCl concentration, decolourization time and voltage on the degradation efficiency. Findings On the basis of single factor experiment, the electrode material of stainless steel was selected in the double cell, and the indigo wastewater was electrolyzed with FeCl3 and NaCl electrolytes. The process conditions of electrochemical degradation of indigo wastewater were optimized by response surface analysis: the concentration of FeCl3 and NaCl was of 16 and 9 g/L, respectively, with a decolourization time of 50 min, voltage of 10 V and decolourization percentage of 98.94. The maximum removal rate of chemical oxygen demand reached 75.46 per cent. The highest ratio of B/C was 3.77, which was considered to be more biodegradable. Research limitations/implications Dyeing wastewater is bringing out more and more pollution problems to the environment. However, there are some shortcomings in traditional technologies such as adsorption and filtration. As a kind of efficient and clean water treatment technology, electrochemical oxidation has been applied to the treatments of various types of wastewater. The decolourization and degradation of indigo wastewater is taken as an example to provide reference for the treatment of wastewater in actual plants. Practical implications The developed method provided a simple and practical solution for efficiently degrading indigo wastewater. Originality/value The method for the electrochemical oxidation technology was novel and could find numerous applications in the degradation of printing and dyeing wastewater.

scholarly journals Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology in the Treatment of Highly Contaminated Tannery Wastewater Using Commercial Potassium Ferrate

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Kozik ◽  
Krzysztof Barbusinski ◽  
Maciej Thomas ◽  
Agnieszka Sroda ◽  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Potassium Ferrate

The potential implementation of Envifer®, a commercial product containing potassium ferrate (40.1% K2FeO4), for the purification of highly contaminated tannery wastewater from leather dyeing processes was proposed. The employment of the Taguchi method for optimization of experiments allowed the discoloration (98.4%), chemical oxygen demand (77.2%), total organic carbon (75.7%), and suspended solids (96.9%) values to be lowered using 1.200 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 3 within 9 min. The application of the central composite design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM) with the use of 1.400 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 4.5 diminished the discoloration, the chemical oxygen demand, the total organic carbon, and suspended solids within 9 min. The Taguchi method is suitable for the initial implementation, while the RSM is superior for the extended optimization of wastewater treatment processes.

scholarly journals Treatment of Bio-Treated Coking Wastewater by Catalytic Ozonation with Semi-Batch and Continuous Flow Reactors

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2532
Author(s):  
Can He ◽  
Jianbing Wang ◽  
Heng Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Ji ◽  
Weiyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Ozone Absorption ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

In this work, the treatment of bio-treated coking wastewater (BCW) by catalytic ozonation was conducted in semi-batch and continuous flow reactors. The kinetics of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were analyzed using BCWs from five coking plants. An integral reactor with catalytic ozonation stacked by ozone absorption (IR) was developed, and its efficiency was studied. The catalyst of MnxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3 was efficient in the catalytic ozonation process for the treatment of various BCWs. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies after 120 min reaction were 64–74%. The overall apparent reaction rate constants were 0.0101–0.0117 min−1, which has no obvious relationship with the initial COD of BCW and pre-treatment biological process. The IR demonstrated the highest efficiency due to the enhancement of mass transfer and the utilization efficiency of ozone. Bypass internal circulation can further improve the reactor efficiency. The optimal results were obtained with the ozone absorption section accounting for 19% of the valid water depth in the reactor and 250% of circulation flow ratio. The long-term and full-scale application of the novel reactor in a continuous mode indicated stable removal of COD and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results showed that the system of IR is a promising reactor type for tertiary treatment of coking wastewater by catalytic ozonation.

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