scholarly journals Butterfly Diversity of Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sprih Harsh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Eurema Hecabe ◽  
Evenness Index

A study to find out the diversity of butterflies at the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, was carried out over a period of six months from October 2013 to March 2014. A total of 55 butterfly species belonging to 5 families, namely, Hesperiidae (7 species), Papilionidae (4 species), Pieridae (10 species), Lycaenidae (13 species), and Nymphalidae (21 species), were recorded (with photographic record) during the study from three different habitats of campus: open scrub, dry deciduous, and urbanized habitat. Shannon diversity indices and Pielou’s evenness index were calculated for all the habitats. Shannon index was found to be highest for open scrub (3.76). Out of 54 species, Eurema brigitta was the most dominant species followed by Eurema hecabe, Junonia lemonias, and Phalanta phalantha. Dominance of these species can be explained by the presence of their larval and host plants in the campus.

scholarly journals Species enumeration and diversity of fire experimental plot at Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A.J. Oloketuyi ◽  
O.D. Akinyemi ◽  
D.M. Taiwo ◽  
O.R. Jeminiwa ◽  
A.A. Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
High Dominance

The fire experimental plot of a total landed area of 0.174 ha was divided into three equal parts designated Plot A, Plot B and Plot C, corresponding to the early burnt, the late burnt and the control plot, respectively. Out of the 15 species of trees identified, six species belong to Fabaceae- Mimosoideae family and other families represented are Combretaceae, Meliaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Urtiaceae and Sapotaceae. Gmelina arborea was the most abundant species and it was found in plot A, B and C. The diversity indices enumerated were Dominance index, Simpson index, Shannon index or diversity index and evenness index. Plot C had the highest abundance (species count), followed by Plot A and Plot B. While Plot B depicted a high dominance, dominance was low in Plot A and lowest in Plot C. This means that a particular species was dominating Plot B, which was Gmelina arborea. This Gmelina arborea also dominated Plot A but to a lesser extent compared to Plot B. Plot C was richer in species than Plot A and Plot B. The Shannon index was low across the three plots, but considerably highest in Plot C. Evenness index was moderate at Plot C, implying that there was an even distribution of tree species in Plot C, while evenness was low at Plot A and Plot B. Comparing the present data with the older data, it is clear that the fire experimental plot has undergone deforestation over the years, which requires urgent attention and reforestation. Key words: cluster, dendogram, deforestation, burning, richness

scholarly journals On a Variational Definition for the Jensen-Shannon Symmetrization of Distances Based on the Information Radius

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Frank Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Variational Optimization ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Jensen Shannon Divergence

We generalize the Jensen-Shannon divergence and the Jensen-Shannon diversity index by considering a variational definition with respect to a generic mean, thereby extending the notion of Sibson’s information radius. The variational definition applies to any arbitrary distance and yields a new way to define a Jensen-Shannon symmetrization of distances. When the variational optimization is further constrained to belong to prescribed families of probability measures, we get relative Jensen-Shannon divergences and their equivalent Jensen-Shannon symmetrizations of distances that generalize the concept of information projections. Finally, we touch upon applications of these variational Jensen-Shannon divergences and diversity indices to clustering and quantization tasks of probability measures, including statistical mixtures.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Benthos communities in Laoting area of Hebei Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Li Guanglou ◽  
Cao Hongmei ◽  
Ye wei
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Benthic Community Structure ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Richness Index

According to a survey of benthos in the Laoting sea area of Hebei Province on May 24th 2019, a total of 40 benthos species were obtained, of which mollusks have the largest number, followed by annelids and arthropods. The dominant species are Sternaspis sculata and Ringicula doliaris. The number of species obtained in this survey is much lower than the historical average. The diversity index is significantly lower than that in the April 2008 survey, and the evenness index and richness index have declined slightly, indicating that the benthic community structure in this sea area tends to be simplistic, stability tends to deteriorate.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF FRUIT FLIES POPULATIONS IN TWO MANGO PRODUCTION ZONES (KORHOGO AND FERKÉ) IN NORTHERN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Minhibo Magloire Yves ◽  
Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moïse ◽  
Coulibaly Tenon ◽  
Koua K Hervé ◽  
Coulibaly Adama
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Study Sites

Fruit flies are a major constraint to the production and export of mangoes by causing the rot of mangoes. The objective of this work is to follow the fluctuation of population of flies in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire between May 2015 and October 2016. A network of trapping flies using food baits (the Torula and Ceratrap) and sexual attractants (Methyl Eugenol and Trimedlure) were set up in Korhogo and Ferké mango orchards with the forest Diabaté Kamonon and the forest Petit Clerc as reference area. During trapping, 11 species of fruit flies were identified at all study sites. Among these species, Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra, were the most abundant in the area. In general, diversity indices were low. The Ferké’s Forest has the highest Shannon index (H = 1.20). This index was higher than the index found in Ferke's orchards (0.9398). At Korhogo the Shannon index in orchards (H = 0.84) is higher than in the forest (H = 0.41). It has been observed that the genus Bactrocera swarmed on mango orchards when precipitation was plentiful. While the genus Cerartitis only appeared when precipitation was low. In addition, knowledge of the ecology and fluctuation of fruit flies, will allow to develop a site monitoring device through a trapping system with sexual and food attractants.

scholarly journals Nectar feeding behavior of some butterflies in the botanical garden of Dhaka university

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Murshida Begum ◽  
Ummey Habiba ◽  
Moksed Ali Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus ◽  
Eurema Hecabe ◽  
Highly Correlated

Nectar feeding behavior of butterflies belonging to the families Nymphalidae, Danaidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Papilionidae were studied in the Botanical garden of Dhaka University. The highest and the lowest duration of searching time was 39 ± 2 and 36 ± 5 seconds respectively for the Catopsila pomona and Zizina otis. The highest and the lowest duration of feeding was 13.0 ± 1 and 9.9 ± 0.9 seconds respectively for the Danaus chrysippus and Zizina otis. The longest proboscis (12.6 ± mm) was recorded in Danaus chrysipus. The deepest corolla (22 ± 5mm) was found in the flower of Cosmos bipinnatus plants. The proboscis of 4 butterfly species named Eurema hecabe, Jononia almana, Catochrysopes strabo and D. chrysipus was highly correlated with the corolla tube of Cosmos bipinnatus, Tephrosia purpurea and Tagetes erecta repectively.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 85-90, 2014

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in heterogeneous habitat of Bankura, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15804-15816
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mukherjee ◽  
Ayan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat ◽  
Chotanagpur Plateau ◽  
Bankura District

Butterfly diversity was observed in different habitats of Bankura District, West Bengal, India.  This district is located at the junction of Chotanagpur plateau and Gangetic plain; it contains a variety of transitional habitats.  We found 117 butterfly species from our covered survey area.  The highest species recorded in the present study belonged to family Lycaenidae (30.76%) and Nymphalidae (29.91%) followed by Hesperiidae (16.23%), Pieridae (13.67%), Papilionidae (8.54%), and Riodinidae (0.85%), respectively.  Based on sighting we found that 12.82% of all the butterflies recorded were abundant in nature while 21.36% were very common, 41.88% were frequent, and 23.93% were rare. Cluster analysis and other diversity indices gives us an overall idea about environmental health.  The pattern of diversity change from plain to plateau gradient gives important insight about ecological edge effect.  High species number in relation with low individual numbers were found in forest habitat.  This preliminary study showed that heterogeneous habitats could harbour many butterflies and need proper conservation efforts to sustain it. 

Moon and tide effects on fish capture in a tropical tidal flat

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Amorim Reis-Filho ◽  
Francisco Barros ◽  
José De Anchieta Cintra Da Costa Nunes ◽  
Cláudio Luis Santos Sampaio ◽  
Gabriel Barros Gonçalves De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tropical Tidal Flat

The influence of the lunar phases and tidal range on the fish capture was analysed in a tidal flat in Barra do Paraguaçu (Baía de Todos os Santos). The sampling was realized in the flood tide and ebb tide of the spring (full moon) and neap (waning moon) tides, between June 2007 and May 2008. At all sampling occasions, two parallel drags were accomplished to the tidal flat, in the same direction of the current, in a 100 m long area marked on the beach beforehand, using a seine net of 15 m × 2.0 m with a mesh of 12 mm between adjacent knots. A total of 2312 fish specimens were captured (26.5 kg), belonging to 75 species from 45 families. The mean number of captured fish was significantly larger in full moon at ebb tides, while the mean weight in the captures was larger in ebb tides. There was significant difference in number of species, number of fish, richness and diversity between full and waning moons. The number of fish and biomass were significantly different between tides. Significant differences were found in community structure regarding trophic groups in relation to tide and moon, although the classic diversity indices did not capture this effect between tides. Furthermore, it was possible to identify preferences of occurrence related to the change of tide in dominant species.

Larval Host Plants and Metamorphosis of Selected Butterfly Species (Rhopalocera) in La Union Botanical Garden (LUBG), San Fernando, La Union, Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMA E. NACUA ◽  
ALMA B. MOHAGAN ◽  
GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Larval Host Plants

Host plants are known to support growth of different butterfly species in the larval stage.  Butterfly larvae are characterized by being voracious eaters and host plant specific. However, information regarding larval host plants of many butterfly species remains poor in the Philippines. The paper aimed to provide information on the larval host plants of the butterflies and document some butterfly life cycles in La Union Botanical Garden, San Fernando, La Union (LUBG), Philippines. The study employed visual searching for eggs and larvae in the foliage along the 100-meter line transects established in LUBG. Larval host plants were determined when larvae feed on the plant particularly leaves or flowers. The study on the life cycle or metamorphosis of selected butterfly species utilized field observation and description using ocular micrometer under the microscope. The data revealed 66 species in 27 families of larval host plants that support 57 species in 4 families of butterflies. The results suggest that presence and abundance of larval host plants affect butterfly metamorphosis and abundance in LUBG. Keywords - Butterfly, larval host plants, metamorphosis

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