scholarly journals Species enumeration and diversity of fire experimental plot at Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A.J. Oloketuyi ◽  
O.D. Akinyemi ◽  
D.M. Taiwo ◽  
O.R. Jeminiwa ◽  
A.A. Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
High Dominance

The fire experimental plot of a total landed area of 0.174 ha was divided into three equal parts designated Plot A, Plot B and Plot C, corresponding to the early burnt, the late burnt and the control plot, respectively. Out of the 15 species of trees identified, six species belong to Fabaceae- Mimosoideae family and other families represented are Combretaceae, Meliaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Urtiaceae and Sapotaceae. Gmelina arborea was the most abundant species and it was found in plot A, B and C. The diversity indices enumerated were Dominance index, Simpson index, Shannon index or diversity index and evenness index. Plot C had the highest abundance (species count), followed by Plot A and Plot B. While Plot B depicted a high dominance, dominance was low in Plot A and lowest in Plot C. This means that a particular species was dominating Plot B, which was Gmelina arborea. This Gmelina arborea also dominated Plot A but to a lesser extent compared to Plot B. Plot C was richer in species than Plot A and Plot B. The Shannon index was low across the three plots, but considerably highest in Plot C. Evenness index was moderate at Plot C, implying that there was an even distribution of tree species in Plot C, while evenness was low at Plot A and Plot B. Comparing the present data with the older data, it is clear that the fire experimental plot has undergone deforestation over the years, which requires urgent attention and reforestation. Key words: cluster, dendogram, deforestation, burning, richness

scholarly journals Butterfly Diversity of Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sprih Harsh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Eurema Hecabe ◽  
Evenness Index

A study to find out the diversity of butterflies at the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, was carried out over a period of six months from October 2013 to March 2014. A total of 55 butterfly species belonging to 5 families, namely, Hesperiidae (7 species), Papilionidae (4 species), Pieridae (10 species), Lycaenidae (13 species), and Nymphalidae (21 species), were recorded (with photographic record) during the study from three different habitats of campus: open scrub, dry deciduous, and urbanized habitat. Shannon diversity indices and Pielou’s evenness index were calculated for all the habitats. Shannon index was found to be highest for open scrub (3.76). Out of 54 species, Eurema brigitta was the most dominant species followed by Eurema hecabe, Junonia lemonias, and Phalanta phalantha. Dominance of these species can be explained by the presence of their larval and host plants in the campus.

scholarly journals Keragaman Liliopsida Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ulia Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Biology Learning ◽  
School Yard ◽  
Important Value Index

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh mengenai konsep pembelajaran berbasis belajar dari lingkungan sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran biologi. Secara khusus tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman Liliopsida dan menganalisis kelayakannya untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran biologi. Penelitian dilakukan di pekarangan SMA Negeri 1 Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Metode pengumpulan data adalah survei dan kuadrat. Analisis data untuk indek keragaman dilakukan dengan Indeks Keragaman Shannon (H’), Indeks Kemerataan (E’). Analisis data Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) untuk menetapkan dominasi suatu jenis Liliopsida terhadap jenis Liliopsida lainnya dalam suatu komunitas. Sedangkan untuk kelayakan diuji dengan rumus penduga nilai kelayakan (K). Hasil penelitian diperoleh 37 jenis Liliopsida dari 6 familia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Indeks Nilai Penting, pada tiap stasiun pencuplikan diketahui jenis Liliopsida yang mendominasi lebih dari satu jenis. Pada stasiun I dan II terdapat 3 jenis Liliopsida yang mendominasi komunitas tersebut, sedangkan pada stasiun III ada 6 jenis Liliopsida yang mendominasi. Indeks keragaman Shannon menunjukkan tingkat keragaman Liliopsida di pekarangan SMA Negeri 1 Sawang termasuk kategori sedang dan Indeks kemerataan menunjukkan bahwa distribusi jumlah individu setiap jenis Liliopsida di setiap lokasi relatif terdistribusi secara merata. Hasil pengujian kelayakan menunjukkan tumbuhan anggota Liliopsida di pekarangan SMA Negeri 1 Sawang sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran biologi konsep keanekaragaman hayati, khususnya keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan (K= 120 %). Kata Kunci: Keragaman liliopsida, Media Pembelajaran dan Analisis Kelayakan The objective of this research was to know the further concerning of learning concept study-based from environmental as a supporting media of biological study. The main objective of this research was to know Liliopsida diversity and to analyze feasibility of Liliopsida species to used as biology learning media. The research was conducted in school-yard of SMA Negeri 1 Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara. The sampling was done by survey and squares method. Data analyzed using the Shannon index (H’) and Evenness index (E’). The important value index, to establish the dominance of one Liliopsida species to others Liliopsida in one community. Feasibility study measured by K formula (feasibility value assessment). The result showed that there were 37 species of which consist of 6 families. The important value index showed that in each sampling stations have more than one Liliopsida species as the dominance species. There were 3 dominance Liliopsida species from I and II sampling stations, whereas in III sampling station there were 6 dominance Liliopsida species. Shannon diversity index showed that the diversity level of Liliopsida in school-yard of SMA Negeri 1 Sawang were rated medium and Evenness index showed that a distribution of individual number of Liliopsida were relatifly apportionmented. The result of feasibility study showed that Liliopsida in school-yard of SMA Negeri 1 Sawang was very reasonable to be used as biology learning media in a biodiversity concept, specifically for plants biodirversity (K= 120 %). Keywords: Diversity, Liliopsida, Learning Media and Feasibility Study

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Abundance of Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419
Author(s):  
O.M. Ogundele ◽  
P.O. Ige ◽  
Y.T. Owoeye ◽  
D.E. Abanikanda ◽  
O.O. Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Permanent Sample Plot ◽  
Ondo State

This study was carried out to examine the tree species diversity and abundance in a natural forest ecosystem in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from a four equal size sampling plot of 50×50m in a permanent sample plot section of Akure Forest Reserve. All living trees with DBH ≥ 10cm were measured and identified. A total of 956 trees were encountered. These trees were from 42 genera and 20 families. Celtis zenkeri belonging to the family of Ulmaceae was the species with the highest population distribution while Sterculiaceae was the dominant family in the study area. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hˈ) of 3.196 and species evenness of 0.84 were obtained from the study area. The high values of diversity indices obtained indicated that the forest is rich in biodiversity and hence should be protected from any forms of disturbance to enhance sustainability as well as protect the rare species in it from going into extinction.

scholarly journals Diversity of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 17121-17128
Author(s):  
Kumudu B. Wijesooriya ◽  
Lakshani S. Weerasekara ◽  
Kithsiri B. Ranawana
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
The Impact

Sri Lanka harbours 20 scorpion species belonging to four families, of which 15 are endemic.  The distribution and ecology of scorpion fauna in Sri Lanka is poorly known.  In this study, we surveyed the diversity of scorpions in the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.  Microhabitats were thoroughly observed using the direct visual encounter method and UV lights from July to November 2018 for about seven hours (19.00–02.00 h) by two to three observers.  Species, abundance, age/sex, and microhabitat features were recorded.  Diversity indices, including α-diversity and β-diversity, were calculated. Heterometrus swammerdami was the most abundant species recorded, while Isometrus thwaitesi was the rarest.  Reddyanus loebli and R. besucheti were common in both open and forest habitat types.  Charmus laneus was recorded for the first time in Polonnaruwa.  The highest Shannon Index and Margalef Diversity Index values were recorded in open habitats, but species evenness was low compared to forest habitats.  Sørensen index values showed a 58% species similarity between two habitats.  The results presented here contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of scorpions in these historically significant sites.  This can serve as a basis for future research on the impact of habitat modification and fragmentation on populations, distribution and ecology of scorpions.

scholarly journals Diversity of Natural Enemies Associated with Refuge Flowering Plants of Zinnia elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta in Rice Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Gracia Melsiana Aldini ◽  
Edhi Martono ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Zinnia Elegans ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Family Level ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

The presence of flowering plants is essential to the conservation of natural enemies in some particular ecosystems, such as agroecosystem. The objectives of this research were to determine the natural enemies associated with refugial flowering plants Zinnia elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta planted in the rice bunts. The research took place in the rice farms in the villages of Jatisarono, Wijimulyo, and Tanjungharjo, Nanggulan Regency, Kulon Progo, District. The natural enemies were observed using three different methods: insect nets, pitfall, and direct observation. The observations were conducted in the morning, between 07.00-10.00 a.m., with an interval twice a week for 8-weeks. The natural enemies were identified to the family level. Diversity index (Shannon-Wienner), evenness index, and dominance were calculated for each plant. The diversity index for Z. elegans, C. sulphureus, and T. erecta fell in the category of medium ranging from 1.328-1.581 with medium evenness (0.365-0.574) and high dominance of 0.314-0.453. Natural enemies associated with C. sulphureus and Z. elegans were more compared to those associated with T. erecta.

Phytoplankton population as alarming warning bioindicator of water pollution in El-Temsah Lake, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Elshobary ◽  
Abdullah M. Attiah ◽  
Zenhom E. Salem ◽  
Dorya I. Essa
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
High Level

Abstract Relative effects of spatio-seasonal variations on the quantitative and qualitative status of phytoplankton in 20 sampling locations of Temsah Lake were examined during winter and summer 2018. The study reveals that the population structure consisted of 105 species from 69 genera, with an annual average of 924155 cell/L. Bacillariophyceae formed the most dominant group with 42.45% of total phytoplankton with an average of 372379 cell/L. Navicula creptocephala was the most abundant species representing 19.16% of total diatoms and 7.78% of the whole standing crop with an annual average of 376879 cell/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was in the Northern locations. Phytoplankton density showed a negative correlation of pH, temperature and TDS and positively correlated with nutrient content such as nitrate and silicate. In general, summer showed high indices value compared to winter and the diversity index in the current study ranged in moderate pollution range. The polluted state of the aquatic ecosystem in El-Temsah Lake during summer is comparatively higher than winter during the study period. Palmer’s and diversity indices showed that Northern sites were the most flourishing and polluted sites. The study also recorded a number of tolerate algae (13 genera and 8 species), which can be used as an indicator for different degrees of organic pollution. Genus and species Palmer’s Index scores of the northern site were in the range of ≥20 during summer, indicating most of the sampling locations showed probable to confirmed high level of organic pollution.

Data Types Diversity Quantitative Indicators in Relational Databases Physical Models

TEM Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 862-867
Author(s):  
Alexander Aleksandrovich Rybanov ◽  
Makushkina Lidiya Aleksandrovna
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Data Types ◽  
New Models ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The article compares diversity indices applicability used in ecology to assess data types distribution for physical database schemes. The following dominance measures are used to assess the data type's diversity in the physical database scheme: Simpson's diversity index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson's evenness index, Pielu evenness index. A comparative analysis of the data type's diversity indicators for physical database schemes showed that the values of some indices obey certain rules. It is proposed to use diversity indices for physical database schemes' qualitative assessment. The indices considered in this work can also be used to build new models for assessing database complexity.

scholarly journals Pastoralism in the highest peaks: Role of the traditional grazing systems in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function in the alpine Himalaya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245221
Author(s):  
Tenzing Ingty
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function

Rangelands cover around half of the planet’s land mass and provide vital ecosystem services to over a quarter of humanity. The Himalayan rangelands, part of a global biodiversity hotspot is among the most threatened regions in the world. In rangelands of many developing nations policies banning grazing in protected areas is common practice. In 1998, the Indian state of Sikkim, in the Eastern Himalaya, enacted a grazing ban in response to growing anthropogenic pressure in pastures and forests that was presumably leading to degradation of biodiversity. Studies from the region demonstrate the grazing ban has had some beneficial results in the form of increased carbon stocks and regeneration of some species of conservation value but the ban also resulted in negative outcomes such as reduced household incomes, increase in monocultures in lowlands, decreased manure production in a state that exclusively practices organic farming, spread of gregarious species, and a perceived increase in human wildlife conflict. This paper explores the impact of the traditional pastoral system on high elevation plant species in Lachen valley, one of the few regions of Sikkim where the grazing ban was not implemented. Experimental plots were laid in along an elevation gradient in grazed and ungrazed areas. Ungrazed areas are part of pastures that have been fenced off (preventing grazing) for over a decade and used by the locals for hay formation. I quantified plant species diversity (Species richness, Shannon index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index) and ecosystem function (above ground net primary productivity ANPP). The difference method using movable exlosure cages was used in grazing areas to account for plant ANPP eaten and regrowth between grazing periods). The results demonstrate that grazing significantly contributes to greater plant species diversity (Species richness, Shannon index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index) and ecosystem function (using above ground net primary productivity as an indicator). The multidimensional scaling and ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) pointed to significant differences in plant species assemblages in grazed and ungrazed areas. Further, ecosystem function is controlled by grazing, rainfall and elevation. Thus, the traditional transhumant pastoral system may enhance biodiversity and ecosystem function. I argue that a complete restriction of open grazing meet neither conservation nor socioeconomic goals. Evidence based policies are required to conserve the rich and vulnerable biodiversity of the region.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Sungai Kisap, Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
S. Nurhafizah-Azwa ◽  
A.K. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Moderate Condition ◽  
Richness Index

A study on macroinvertebrate diversity was conducted in Sungai Kisap, Langkawi, Kedah. Five stations were selected with a distance of approximately 500 metres apart with three replications of benthos and two replications of water sample. The results classified Sungai Kisap in Class I, which indicates very good water quality based on WQI recommended by the Department of Environment. A total of 2 phyla, 3 classes, 8 orders, 29 families, and 3564 individuals were successfully sampled and recorded. The presence of Hydropsychidae, Baetidae, and Chironomidae with a high abundance of the families show the potential to be used as biological indicators of a clean ecosystem. The analysis showed that the average value of Shannon Diversity Index, H’ (1.28), Pielou Evenness Index, J’ (0.45), and Margaleff Richness Index, DMG (2.80) indicates that Sungai Kisap is in moderate condition and the distribution of macroinvertebrates is uniform between stations. The correlation test showed that the WQI has a strong relationship with the diversity indices involved. BMWP, ASPT, and FBI showed that Sungai Kisap has good water quality.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis predicts mortality in an animal model ofClostridium difficileinfection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Burdet ◽  
Sakina Sayah-Jeanne ◽  
Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Perrine Hugon ◽  
Frédérique Sablier-Gallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Toxigenic Strain ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic disruption of the intestinal microbiota favors colonization byClostridium difficile. Using a charcoal-based adsorbent to decrease intestinal antibiotic concentrations, we studied the relationship between antibiotic concentrations in feces and the intensity of dysbiosis, and quantified the link between this intensity and mortality.MethodsWe administered either moxifloxacin (n=70) or clindamycin (n=60) to hamsters by subcutaneous injection from day 1 (D1) to D5, and challenged them with aC. difficiletoxigenic strain at D3. Hamsters received various doses of a charcoal-based adsorbent, DAV131A, to modulate intestinal antibiotic concentrations. Gut dysbiosis was evaluated at D0and D3using diversity indices determined from 16S rRNA gene profiling. Survival was monitored until D16. We analyzed the relationship between fecal antibiotic concentrations and dysbiosis at the time ofC. difficilechallenge and studied their capacity to predict subsequent death of the animals.ResultsIncreasing doses of DAV131A reduced fecal concentrations of both antibiotics, lowered dysbiosis and increased survival from 0% to 100%. Mortality was related to the level of dysbiosis (p<10−5for the change of Shannon index in moxifloxacin-treated animals and p<10−9in clindamycin-treated animals). The Shannon diversity index and unweighted UniFrac distance best predicted death, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.89 [95%CI, 0.82;0.95] and 0.95 [0.90;0.98], respectively.ConclusionsAltogether, moxifloxacin and clindamycin disrupted the diversity of the intestinal microbiota with a dependency to the DAV131A dose; mortality afterC. difficilechallenge was related to the intensity of dysbiosis in a similar manner with the two antibiotics.

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