scholarly journals Biocontrol Activity of the Local Strain ofMetschnikowia pulcherrimaon Different Postharvest Pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezai Türkel ◽  
Mihriban Korukluoğlu ◽  
Mümine Yavuz

The strains of the yeastMetschnikowia pulcherrimahave strong biocontrol activity against various microorganisms. Biocontrol activity ofM. pulcherrimalargely depends on its iron immobilizing pigment pulcherrimin. Biocontrol activity of pulcherrimin producing strain,M. pulcherrimaUMY15, isolated from local vineyards, was tested on different molds that cause food spoilage.M. pulcherrimaUMY15 was a very effective biocontrol agent againstPenicillium roqueforti,P. italicum,P. expansum, andAspergillus oryzaein in-vitro plate tests. However, the inhibitory activity ofM. pulcherrimaUMY15 was less effective onFusarium sp.andA. nigerspecies in biocontrol assays. In addition,M. pulcherrimaUMY15 strain completely inhibited the germination and mycelia growth ofA. oryzae,A. parasiticus, andFusariumsp. spores on artificial wounds of apples when they coinoculated withM. pulcherrimaUMY15. Moreover, when coinoculated,M. pulcherrimaUMY15 strain also inhibited the growth ofP. roqueforti,P. italicum,P. expansum,A. oryzae,Fusarium sp., andRhizopus sp. in grape juice, indicating thatM. pulcherrimaUMY15 can be used as a very effective biocontrol yeast against various species of postharvest pathogens, including   Penicillium,Aspergillus,Fusarium, andRhizopus.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Andriastini ◽  
Yan Ramona ◽  
Meitini Wahyuni Proborini

A research on in vitro inhibition of fungal antagonists, isolated from dragon fruit plantation in Sembung village, Bali, on Fusarium sp. (the disease causative agent of dragon fruit plant) was conducted with the main objective to investigate the effectiveness of these fungal antagonists to inhibit the in vitro growth of the pathogen. Dual assay method was applied in this experiment. The results showed that three potential fungal antagonists were successfully isolated in this research and they were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, dan Paecilomyces lilacinus. All these fungal antagonists showed antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp. which was statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to control. This indicated that all antagonist isolates were potential to be developed as biocontrol agent candidates.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
P Asiya ◽  
PR Sreeraj ◽  
Joseph John ◽  
PB Ramya

Plant protection is an important area which needs attention since most of the hazardous inputs added into the agricultural system are in the form of plant protection chemicals. Botanicals possess a variety of promising properties which make it a better biocontrol agent. The objectives of the present study were to isolate Fusarium sp. from soil and to check the effect of botanicals against this fungal pathogen in-vitro. The antagonistic activity of botanicals was studied by co-inoculation with the Fusarium sp. isolated from rhizosphere soil. In poison food technique, the botanicals in different concentration, showed decrease in the growth of the fungal pathogen. Maximum inhibition was observed in 10% Azadiracta sp. with 64% inhibition followed by 5% Azadiracta sp. with 57.8%


Author(s):  
ERIYANTO YUSNAWAN ◽  
ALFI INAYATI ◽  
YULIANTORO BALIADI

Abstract. Yusnawan E, Inayati A, Baliadi Y. 2019. Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes. Biodiversitas 20: 2048-2054. Soilborne diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. are biotic limits for legume production. Biological controls offer environmental friendly control for these pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and screen Trichoderma from different rhizospheres and to obtain effective Trichoderma isolates to suppress in vitro growth of the soil borne pathogens. The antagonistic inhibitory activity was performed by dual culture method. Seven out of forty indigenous Trichoderma isolates collected from East Java, Indonesia effectively suppressed the growth of different fungal isolates, namely Rhizoctonia solani (R.s1), R. solani (R.s2) as well as Fusarium sp. which infected soybean and mung bean. In vitro study showed different suppression of the pathogens on dual culture tests. The seven isolates inhibited the growth of R. solani (R.s1), R.solani (R.s2) and Fusarium sp. ranging from 90.0 to 99.6%, 72.8 to 82.4%, and 67.9 to 90.8%, respectively. Isolate origin and genetic variability of Trichoderma played an important role in the antagonistic activity. The fast-growing of selected Trichoderma showed their abilities for space occupation and nutrition competition, which involved in the antagonistic activity. The mycelial growth of Trichoderma over pathogens showed hyperparasitism mechanism. In addition, coiling of Trichoderma over hyphal pathogens was observed during microscopic observation. The seven Trichoderma isolates, therefore, are promising as biological control agents against the soil borne fungi infected legumes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Jamilu H ◽  
Hussain F.I. ◽  
Ibrahim T

Zingiber officinale is a common condiment for various foods and beverages and a history of important traditional medicine herb for the treatment of stomach disorder. This study deals with the antifungal activity of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale and their phytochemical composition. Ethanolic extracts of two spices (Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale) were tested for antifungal activities against Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp and Fusarium sp using mycelia growth extension method, result showed varying degrees of antifungal activities against the test fungi. The two extracts showed similar pattern of antifungal activities on the test fungi withthe extract of Allium sativum being more effective with increased zones of inhibition with increased concentrations. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannin for Allium sativum and flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and anthraquinone for Zingiber officinale. The significant growth of inhibitions of the test fungi by the plant extract suggest the possible use of these spices in controlling infections caused by these fungi and food spoilage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Onyemaechi H.O. ◽  
Obehi V.O. ◽  
Felix O.

The aim of this study was to screen for the bio-control potential of fungal endophytes isolated from cassava against a test pathogen of cassava. Fungal endophytes and pathogen were isolated and identified from healthy and diseased cassava respectively. The isolated fungal endophytes were screened for their biocontrol potential against a test pathogen using the dual culture and culture filtrate assay. Fusarium sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Colletotrichum sp., yeast isolate 1 and 2 were the isolated fungal endophytes while the pathogen was Rhizopus sp. The effect of endophytes on the mycelia growth of Rhizopus sp. using the dual culture assay indicated that yeast isolate 1 & 2 and Colletotrichum sp. were effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth of the test pathogen while Fusarium sp. and Botryosphaeria sp. were not effective. The co-culture of yeast isolate 2 with the test pathogen gave the lowest mycelia growth (1.66a±0.09) at day 2. The effect of endophytic culture filtrate on the mycelia growth of Rhizopus sp. showed that Fusarium sp. gave the lowest mycelia growth in the three days observed. The findings from this study suggested that the test endophytes have biocontrol potential against Rhizopus sp. The biocontrol abilities of the test endophytes vary using the dual culture and culture filtrate assay.


1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brion K. Duffy ◽  
Geneviève Défago

Crown and root rot of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is an increasing problem in Europe, Israel, Japan, and North America. The biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 provides only moderate control of this disease. A one-time amendment of zinc EDTA at 33 μg of Zn2+/ml to hydroponic nutrient solution in soilless rockwool culture did not reduce disease when used alone, but did reduce disease by 25% in the presence of CHA0. In in vitro studies with the pathogen, zinc at concentrations as low as 10 μg/ml abolished production of the phytotoxin fusaric acid, a Fusarium pathogenicity factor, and increased production of microconidia over 100-fold, but reduced total biomass. Copper EDTA at 33 μg of Cu2+/ml had a similar effect as zinc on the pathogen in vitro; it reduced disease when used alone, and increased the biocontrol activity of CHA0 in soilless culture. Ammonium-molybdate neither improved the biocontrol activity of CHA0 nor affected production of fusaric acid or microconidia. Strain CHA0 did not degrade fusaric acid. Fusaric acid at concentrations as low as 0.12 μg/ml repressed production by CHA0 of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, a key factor in the biocontrol activity of this strain. Production of pyoluteorin by CHA0 was also reduced, but production of hydrogen cyanide and protease was not affected, suggesting that fusaric acid affects biosynthesis at a regulatory level downstream of gacA and apdA genes. Fusaric acid did not affect the recovery of preformed antibiotics nor did it affect bacterial growth even at concentrations as high as 200 μg/ml. When microbial meta-bolite production was measured in the rockwool bioassay, zinc amendments reduced fusaric acid production and enhanced 2,4-diacetylphloro-glucinol production. We suggest that zinc, which did not alleviate the repression of antibiotic biosynthesis by fusaric acid, improved biocontrol activity by reducing fusaric acid production by the pathogen, which resulted in increased antibiotic production by the biocontrol agent. This demonstrates that pathogens can have a direct negative impact on the mechanism(s) of biocontrol agents.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Ildikó Varga ◽  
Tivadar Baltazár ◽  
Miloš Pejchal

Abstract European mistletoe (Viscum album) is an evergreen, perennial, hemiparasitic shrub, which is able to infect more than 450 woody species. Besides mechanical pruning, a hyperparasitic fungus (Phaeobotryosphaeria visci) could be a successful candidate to develop an effective biocontrol agent against mistletoe. It was necessary to find antibiotics which make the isolation easier and do not effect mycelia growth negatively under strain. Furthermore, we wanted to define a medium for optimal growth under in vitro laboratory conditions. Three different media (potato-dextrose agar, modified oatmeal agar, ¼ PDA + V8 agar) and four antibiotics (kanamycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, nystatin) were tested. Oatmeal agar and potato-dextrose agar are optimal to maintain the fungal strains, the colony diameter was 9 cm on the 12th day. All tested antibiotics are useful, except nystatin.


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Riza Zainuddin Ahmad ◽  
Djaenudin Gholib

Contamination of mold in feed and Ingridients of feed is important because pathogenic and toxigenic mold will contaminate and cause mycotic and mycotoxicosis on livestock especially cattle. Information regarding the data is required in an attempt to controll of mold contaminant. Base on the previous study piper betel leaf (Piper betle) showed high activity as antimold. The aim of this study were to obtain data of mold contamination in cattle feed and ingredients of feed from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java, and to test piper betel as an antimold herbal from traditional medicinal plants originated from Indonesia. Isolation and identification of fungi were conducted on the flour, glycerides, onggok, corn, peanut, coconut, coffee, concentrates, lamtoro, pineapple, rice, grass, palm, cassava, tofu lees, fish meal, bone meal from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java. Isolation was done by plating the samples on agar medium, The mold have grown on media was identified. Feed that has been mixed with the extracts and powders plus mold inoculum was incubated. After 3=7 days incubation, colony forming unit (CFU) of the mixtures were counted. The results showed that the majority of feed contaminated with mold, but still below the threshold. The mold contamination in wheat flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees exceeds from the threshold. Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. Candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Mycelia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. Penicillium sp were most commonly found in the feed as much as 2.56 x 107 CFU. At a concentration of 10%. in vitro test showed that the piper betel leaf in powder form is more effective than extract form to inhibit the growth of A.flavus The conclusion of this study was flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees contaminated by molds. Penicillium sp and 17 species of mold were the most frequently found compared to other fungi. Powders the best form of the piper betel as antimold. ABSTRAK Cemaran kapang pada pakan dan bahan penyusunnya adalah penting sebab kapang yang tergolong patogenik dan toksigenik dapat mencemari dan menyebabkan mikosis dan mikotoksikosis pada ternak sapi. Informasi mengenai kapang pencemar diperlukan dalam usaha pengendaliannya. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui daun sirih (Piper betle) mempunyai aktivitas antikapang yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data cemaran kapang pada pakan ternak sapi dan bahan penyusunnya dari propinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat, serta menguji sirih sebagai obat herbal antikapang yang telah terpilih dari tanaman obat tradisional asli Indonesia. Isolasi dan  identifikasi kapang telah dilakukan pada tepung, gliserida, onggok, jagung, kacang, kelapa, kopi, konsentrat, lamtoro, nenas, beras, rumput, sawit, singkong, ampas tahu, tepung ikan, tepung tulang dari provinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat. Isolasi dilakukan dengan membiakkan sampel pada media agar, Kapang yang sudah tumbuh pada media diidentifikasi. Pakan yang telah dicampur dengan ektrak dan serbuk ditambahkan inokulum kapang, kemudian diinkubasi. Setelah 3-7 hari diinkubasi, dihitung colony forming unit (CFU) yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pakan tercemar kapang, tetapi levelnya masih berada di bawah batas ambang. Cemaran kapang pada tepung, jagung, konsentrat, dan ampas tahu melebihi batas ambang. Kapang-kapang tersebut adalah Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Miselia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., dan Rhizopus sp. Kapang Penicillium sp adalah yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pakan yakni sebanyak 2,56.107 CFU. Uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih dalam bentuk serbuk lebih efektif dibandingkan bentuk ekstrak untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. flavus pada konsentrasi 10%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tepung, jagung, konsentrat dan ampas tahu tercemar oleh kapang. Ditemukan 17 jenis kapang pencemar pakan dan kapang Penicillium sp yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Antikapang sirih yang terbaik adalah dalam bentuk serbuk.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Bendaha ◽  
H.A. Belaouni

SummaryThis study aims to develop a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. For this, a set of 23 bacterial endophytic isolates has been screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of FORL using the dual plate assay. Three isolates with the most sound antagonistic activity to FORL have been qualitatively screened for siderophore production, phosphates solubilization and indolic acetic acid (IAA) synthesis as growth promotion traits. Antagonistic values of the three candidates against FORL were respectively: 51.51 % (EB4B), 51.18 % (EB22K) and 41.40 % (EB2A). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates EB4B and EB22K were closely related to Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, while the strain EB2A has been assigned to Leclercia adecarboxylata NBRC 102595. The promotion of tomato growth has been assessed in vitro using the strains EB2A, EB4B and EB22K in presence of the phytopathogen FORL. The treatments with the selected isolates increased significantly the root length and dry weight. Best results were observed in isolate EB4B in terms of growth promotion in the absence of FORL, improving 326.60 % of the root length and 142.70 % of plant dry weight if compared with untreated controls. In the presence of FORL, the strain EB4B improved both root length (180.81 %) and plant dry weight (202.15 %). These results encourage further characterization of the observed beneficial effect of Enterobacter sp. EB4B for a possible use as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent against FORL.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Mayara Caldeira-Dias ◽  
Sarah Viana-Mattioli ◽  
Jackeline de Souza Rangel Machado ◽  
Mattias Carlström ◽  
Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli ◽  
...  

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