scholarly journals Novel Biomarkers for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Briguori ◽  
Cristina Quintavalle ◽  
Elvira Donnarumma ◽  
Gerolama Condorelli
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Simultaneous Loss ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1

Biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) may be classified in 2 groups: (1) those representing changes in renal function (e.g., serum creatinine or cystatin C and urine flow rate) and (2) those reflecting kidney damage (e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-18, etc.). According to these 2 fundamental criteria, 4 subgroups have been proposed: (1) no marker change; (2) damage alone; (3) functional change alone; and (4) combined damage and functional change. Therefore, a new category of patients with“subclinical AKI”(that is, an increase in damage markers alone without simultaneous loss of kidney function) has been identified. This condition has been associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes (including renal replacement therapy and mortality) at followup. The ability to measure these physiological variables may lead to identification of patients at risk for AKI and early diagnosis of AKI and may lead to variables, which may inform therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Urinary protein biomarkers of kidney injury in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessy George ◽  
Melanie S Joy ◽  
Lauren M Aleksunes
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Trefoil Factor 3 ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Despite recent progress in the development of novel approaches to treat cancer, traditional antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin, remain a mainstay of regimens targeting solid tumors. Use of cisplatin is limited by acute kidney injury, which occurs in approximately 30% of patients. Current clinical measures, such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, are inadequate in their ability to detect acute kidney injury, particularly when there is only a moderate degree of injury. Thus, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic biomarkers to predict nephrotoxicity. There is also interest by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to validate and implement new biomarkers to identify clinical and subclinical acute kidney injury in patients during the drug approval process. This minireview provides an overview of the current literature regarding the utility of urinary proteins (albumin, beta-2-microglobulin, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C) as biomarkers for cisplatin-induced AKI. Many of the well-studied urinary proteins (KIM-1, NGAL, B2M, albumin) as well as emerging biomarkers (calbindin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and trefoil factor 3) display distinct patterns of time-dependent excretion after cisplatin administration. Implementation of these biomarker proteins in the oncology clinic has been hampered by a lack of validation studies. To address these issues, large head-to-head studies are needed to fully characterize time-dependent responses and establish accurate cutoff values and ranges, particularly in cancer patients. Impact statement There is growing interest in using urinary protein biomarkers to detect acute kidney injury in oncology patients prescribed the nephrotoxic anticancer drug cisplatin. We aim to synthesize and organize the existing literature on biomarkers examined clinically in patients receiving cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens. This minireview highlights several proteins (kidney injury molecule-1, beta-2-microglobulin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, calbindin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, trefoil factor 3) with the greatest promise for detecting cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in humans. A comprehensive review of the existing literature may aid in the design of larger studies needed to implement the clinical use of these urinary proteins as biomarkers of kidney injury.

scholarly journals Screening of early diagnostic markers of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in canines

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Jia-San Zheng ◽  
Jing-Nie ◽  
Ting-Ting Zhu ◽  
Hong-Ri Ruan ◽  
Xue-Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Abstract Introduction The value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) was assessed in early diagnosis of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs. Material and Methods Subcutaneous gentamicin injection in 16 healthy adult beagles made the AKI model. Blood was sampled every 6 h to detect NGAL, Kim-1, L-FABP, and serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations. Kidney tissue of two dogs was taken before the injection, as soon as SCr was elevated (78 μmol/L), and when it had risen to 1.5 times the baseline, and haematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe changes. Results NGAL, Kim-1, and SCr levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 18, 30, and 78 h post injection, but L-FABP concentration was not associated with renal injury. At the earliest SCr elevation stage, findings were mild oedema, degeneration, and vacuolisation in renal tubular epithelial cells in pathology, and mild cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oedema in TEM. At this time point, NGAL and Kim-1 concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05), indicating that these two molecules biomark early kidney injury in dogs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, their warning levels were > 25.31 ng/mL and > 48.52 pg/mL. Conclusion Plasma NGAL and Kim-1 above warning levels are early indicators of gentamicin-induced AKI in dogs.

scholarly journals Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 to Detect Pediatric Cisplatin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

Kidney360 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0004802021
Author(s):  
Kelly R. McMahon ◽  
Hayton Chui ◽  
Shahrad Rod Rassekh ◽  
Kirk R. Schultz ◽  
Tom D. Blydt-Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urine Ngal ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Background: Few studies have described associations between acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and AKI in cisplatin-treated children. We aimed to describe excretion patterns of urine NGAL and KIM-1 and associations with AKI in children receiving cisplatin. Methods: Participants (n=159) were enrolled between 2013 and 2017 in a prospective cohort study conducted in 12 Canadian pediatric hospitals. Participants were evaluated at early cisplatin infusions (at first or second cisplatin cycle) and late cisplatin infusions (last or second-to-last cycle). Urine NGAL and KIM-1 were measured (1) pre-cisplatin infusion, (2) post-infusion (morning after), and (3) at hospital discharge at early and late cisplatin infusions. Primary outcome: AKI defined by serum creatinine rise within 10 days post-cisplatin based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines criteria (≥stage 1). Results: Of 159 children, 156 (median [interquartile (IQR)] age: 5.8 [2.4-12.0] years; 78 [50%] female) had biomarker data available at early cisplatin infusions and 127 had data at late infusions. Forty-six of 156 (29%) and 22/127 (17%) developed AKI within 10 days of cisplatin administration following early and late infusions, respectively. Urine NGAL and KIM-1 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with vs. without AKI (near hospital discharge of late cisplatin infusion, median [IQR]: NGAL: 76.1 [10.0-232.7] vs. 14.9 [5.4-29.7] ng/mg creatinine; KIM-1: 4415 [2083-9077] vs. 1049 [358-3326] pg/mg creatinine; P<.01). These markers modestly discriminated for AKI (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) range: NGAL: 0.56-0.72; KIM-1: 0.48-0.75). Biomarker concentrations were higher and better discriminated for AKI at late cisplatin infusions (AUC-ROCs range: 0.54-0.75) vs. early infusions (AUC-ROCs range: 0.48-0.65). Conclusions: Urine NGAL and KIM-1 were modest at discriminating for cisplatin-associated AKI. Further research is needed to determine clinical utility and applicability of these markers and late kidney outcomes associations.

scholarly journals A Novel Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury, Vanin-1, for Obstructive Nephropathy: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Washino ◽  
Keiko Hosohata ◽  
Masashi Oshima ◽  
Tomohisa Okochi ◽  
Tsuzumi Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Background: Vanin-1 is a novel acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarker that has not been clinically investigated as a biomarker for obstructive nephropathy. This study investigated the diagnostic value of vanin-1 as a biomarker for adult obstructive nephropathy by comparing it to existing AKI biomarkers. Methods: A total of 49 patients, 21 controls, and 28 hydronephrosis (HN) cases were assessed. AKI biomarkers in bladder (BL) urine and renal pelvic (RP) urine in the HN group were compared to each BL marker in the control group. In a subgroup of cases receiving interventions for obstructive nephropathy, the BL values of each biomarker were assessed after the intervention. Results: RP vanin-1 levels were significantly higher while BL vanin-1 levels were marginally higher in the HN group than in the control group. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve values for RP and BL vanin-1 were 0.9778 and 0.6386, respectively. In multivariate analyses, BL vanin-1 and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), but not kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were independent factors for predicting the presence of HN. In cases receiving interventions, vanin-1 decreased significantly from 1 week after the intervention in cases of moderate to severe obstructive nephropathy compared to RP values at baseline. Conclusion: Urinary vanin-1 is a useful biomarker to detect and monitor the clinical course of obstructive nephropathy.

Different Biomarkers of Acute kidney Injury in Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Kazemi ◽  
Shirin Saberianpour ◽  
Hanieh Salehi ◽  
Mohammad Hatampour ◽  
Elnaz Sheikhpour
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs if the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to remove waste products. When the kidneys lose their ability to filter, dangerous levels of waste products can accumulate, which can upset the chemical composition of the blood and urine. Chemotherapy is one of the methods used to treat or temporarily reduce cancer by using certain medications. The main task of this treatment is to kill cancer cells without seriously damaging the surrounding tissues. However, this type of treatment also has destructive effects on healthy cells and tissues in the body. Researchers studying cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy found that people undergoing this type of treatment may develop serious kidney problems and be forced to use treatments such as dialysis and kidney transplants. Research showed that people with more severe cancers and advanced tumors are more likely to have acute kidney injury than those with early-stage cancer. AKI biomarkers can be selected from the patient's serum, urine, or body imaging components. Various studies showed that urine is a source of the best markers in AKI. Biomarkers in plasma and urine, such as N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, Cystatin-C, β2-microglobulin , Cysteine-Rich Protein, Osteopontin, Fetuin-A, Kidney Injury Molecule-1, Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, Netrin-1, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and interleukin-18 are effective tools for early detection of AKI. In this review study, an attempt was made to collect biomarkers related to AKI disease.

scholarly journals Emerging Biomarkers and Metabolomics for Assessing Toxic Nephropathy and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Neonatology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mussap ◽  
A. Noto ◽  
V. Fanos ◽  
J. N. Van Den Anker
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Toxic Nephropathy ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1

Identification of novel drug-induced toxic nephropathy and acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers has been designated as a top priority by the American Society of Nephrology. Increasing knowledge in the science of biology and medicine is leading to the discovery of still more new biomarkers and of their roles in molecular pathways triggered by physiological and pathological conditions. Concomitantly, the development of the so-called “omics” allows the progressive clinical utilization of a multitude of information, from those related to the human genome (genomics) and proteome (proteomics), including the emerging epigenomics, to those related to metabolites (metabolomics). In preterm newborns, one of the most important factors causing the pathogenesis and the progression of AKI is the interaction between the individual genetic code, the environment, the gestational age, and the disease. By analyzing a small urine sample, metabolomics allows to identify instantly any change in phenotype, including changes due to genetic modifications. The role of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and other emerging technologies is strategic, contributing basically to the sudden development of new biochemical and molecular tests. Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are closely correlated with the severity of kidney injury, representing noninvasive sensitive surrogate biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, and quantifying kidney damage. To become routine tests, uNGAL and KIM-1 should be carefully tested in multicenter clinical trials and should be measured in biological fluids by robust, standardized analytical methods.

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