scholarly journals Update on Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Morphological, Molecular, and Genetic Features of the Most Aggressive Thyroid Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira Ragazzi ◽  
Alessia Ciarrocchi ◽  
Valentina Sancisi ◽  
Greta Gandolfi ◽  
Alessandra Bisagni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Common Profile

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer. It shows a wide spectrum of morphological presentations and the diagnosis could be challenging due to its high degree of dedifferentiation. Molecular and genetic features of ATC are widely heterogeneous as well and many efforts have been made to find a common profile in order to clarify its cancerogenetic process. A comprehensive review of the current literature is here performed, focusing on histopathological and genetic features.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype: An unusual case and a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130
Author(s):  
Saloni Bansal ◽  
Sankalp Sancheti ◽  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Puneet Somal ◽  
Supreet Kaur Kalra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Comprehensive Review

scholarly journals Thyroid Carcinoma with Pituitary Metastases: 2 Case Reports and Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiying Lim ◽  
Dawn Shaoting Lim ◽  
Chiaw Ling Chng ◽  
Adoree Yiying Lim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Pituitary Metastases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

We present 2 patients with pituitary metastases from thyroid carcinoma—the first from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and the second from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The first patient, a 50-year-old lady, presented with 2-week history of hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, dyspnoea, and neck swelling. Imaging revealed metastatic thyroid cancer to lymph nodes and bone. Histology from surgery confirmed anaplastic thyroid cancer. She was found to have pituitary metastases postoperatively when she presented with nonvertiginous dizziness. She subsequently underwent radiotherapy and radioiodine treatment but passed away from complications. The second patient, a 65-year-old lady, presented with loss of appetite and weight with increased goitre size and dyspnoea. Surgery was performed in view of compressive symptoms and histology confirmed follicular thyroid carcinoma. Imaging revealed metastases to bone, lung, and pituitary. She also had panhypopituitarism with hyperprolactinemia and diabetes insipidus. She received radioiodine therapy but eventually passed away from complications.

scholarly journals Complete Remission of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma after Concomitant Treatment with Docetaxel and Radiotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Abe ◽  
Satoko Karasaki ◽  
Yayoi Matsuda ◽  
Shohei Sakamoto ◽  
Torahiko Nakashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Very High

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) although rare is the most lethal form of thyroid cancer. The mortality rate for ATC is very high, with a median survival time of only 5 months; the survival rate at 1 year after diagnosis is <20%. Management of ATC is extremely difficult and rife with uncertainties. Herein, we describe a 75-year-old woman who presented with ATC and was successfully treated using concomitant treatment with docetaxel and high-dose radiotherapy. This case appears to be the first to have been reported in the literature involving complete remission of ATC confirmed by autopsy, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this combination.

scholarly journals Anaplastic Transformation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Retroperitoneum

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Solomon ◽  
Fang Wen ◽  
Lily J. Jih
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Anaplastic Transformation ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Aggressive Variant

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive variant of thyroid cancer that in most cases arises from anaplastic transformation of terminally differentiated thyroid carcinomas. This process usually occurs in the thyroid or cervical lymph nodes. Anaplastic transformation in distant metastatic sites is exceedingly rare, only previously documented in a few case reports. We report a rare case of anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma within a large retroperitoneal metastasis in a 64-year-old male 30 years after the initial diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Differences in Distant Metastatic Patterns and Their Corresponding Survival Between Thyroid Cancer Subtypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huy Gia Vuong ◽  
Minh-Khang Le ◽  
Lewis Hassell ◽  
Tetsuo Kondo ◽  
Kennichi Kakudo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Metastatic Patterns

Abstract Introduction: Distant metastasis (DM) at presentation is one of the important prognostic factors in thyroid cancers. Dissemination patterns of different thyroid cancer subtypes are still controversial. This study aimed to systematically elucidate the metastatic patterns and their corresponding survival of each thyroid cancer subtype at time of diagnosis. Methods: We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010-2018 to search for primary thyroid cancers with DM at presentation (M1). Results: We included 2,787 M1 thyroid cancers for statistical analyses and the incidence of DM at presentation was 2.4%. Lung was the most common metastatic site for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and oncocytic (Hurthle) cell carcinoma (HCC) whereas bone is the favorable disseminated site of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The risk of liver metastasis was highest in MTC while metastases to the brain were uncommon among thyroid cancer subtypes. Among M1 thyroid cancers, ATC showed the worst outcome while PTC and FTC exhibited a superior survival. Patients with multi-organ metastases had the worst survival whereas bone metastases were associated with a favorable outcome (p < 0.001). We identified significant risk factors associated with multi-organ metastases including non-Caucasian race, large tumor diameter, ATC/FTC/MTC histology, and unifocality. Conclusion: There are significant differences in DM patterns of thyroid cancer subtypes and their corresponding survival. These clinical data could be useful for clinicians to better evaluate risk stratification and predict patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Genetic Predisposition to Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer: An Update of Molecular Findings and State-of-the-Art Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bonora ◽  
Giovanni Tallini ◽  
Giovanni Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Extended Pedigrees ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
High Degree

Familial thyroid cancer has become a well-recognized entity in patients with thyroid cancer originating from follicular cells, that is, nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. The diagnosis of familial thyroid cancer provides an opportunity for early detection and possible prevention in family members. Understanding the syndromes associated with familial thyroid cancer allows clinicians to evaluate and treat patients for coexisting pathologic conditions. About five percents of patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma have a familial disease. Patients with familial non-medullalry thyroid cancer have more aggressive tumors with increased rates of extrathyroid extension, lymph node metastases, and frequently show the phenomenon of “anticipation” (earlier age at disease onset and increased severity in successive generations). So far, four predisposition loci have been identified in relatively rare extended pedigrees, and association studies have identified multiple predisposing variants for differentiated thyroid cancer. This suggests that there is a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and that the development of this type of tumor is a multifactorial and complex process in which predisposing genetic variants interact with a number of incompletely understood environmental risk factors. Thus, the search for the causative variants is still open and will surely benefit from the new technological approaches that have been developed in recent years.

scholarly journals FOXM1 is a molecular determinant of the mitogenic and invasive phenotype of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bellelli ◽  
Maria Domenica Castellone ◽  
Ginesa Garcia-Rostan ◽  
Clara Ugolini ◽  
Carmelo Nucera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Forkhead Box

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a very aggressive thyroid cancer. forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors involved in control of cell proliferation, chromosomal stability, angiogenesis, and invasion. Here, we show that FOXM1 is significantly increased in ATCs compared with normal thyroid, well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (papillary and/or follicular), and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (P=0.000002). Upregulation of FOXM1 levels in ATC cells was mechanistically linked to loss-of-function of p53 and to the hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. Knockdown of FOXM1 by RNA interference inhibited cell proliferation by arresting cells in G2/M and reduced cell invasion and motility. This phenotype was associated with decreased expression of FOXM1 target genes, like cyclin B1 (CCNB1), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), Aurora B (AURKB), S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), and plasminogen activator, urokinase: uPA (PLAU). Pharmacological inhibition of FOXM1 in an orthotopic mouse model of ATC reduced tumor burden and metastasization. All together, these findings suggest that FOXM1 represents an important player in thyroid cancer progression to the anaplastic phenotype and a potential therapeutic target for this fatal cancer.

scholarly journals The Next Generation of Orthotopic Thyroid Cancer Models: Immunocompetent Orthotopic Mouse Models of BRAFV600E-Positive Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Vanden Borre ◽  
David G. McFadden ◽  
Viswanath Gunda ◽  
Peter M. Sadow ◽  
Shohreh Varmeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Cancer Models
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