scholarly journals Disturbances of Sperm Maturation and Minipuberty: Is There a Connection?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Živković ◽  
I. Fratrić
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Future Fertility

Male reproductive function in the general population raises an increased attention due to reports indicating declining sperm counts, increased occurrence of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. It is also hypothesized that prolonged exposure of the developing male, during both fetal and postnatal life, to exogenous estrogens could reduce Sertoli cell number and thus reduce sperm output (and sperm counts) in adult life. Fact is that infertility, which is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse, has a global prevalence of 9%. A male contributory factor is involved in approximately half of these cases, but most of the causes of reduced semen quality and other disturbances of male reproductive function are unknown. In the most affected men (azoospermic men) 15–20% had a prior history of cryptorchidism. The association between the cryptorchidism and infertility is one of the most studied potential causes of infertility. There are numerous studies that accentuate the importance of minipuberty for future fertility. Is it possible that a normal minipuberty ensures normal fertility despite malpositioned testes? And to move away from cryptorchidism, could impaired minipuberty be responsible for fertility problems in men who were born with both testes in their scrotal sacs?

scholarly journals RANKL regulates male reproductive function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Blomberg Jensen ◽  
Christine Hjorth Andreassen ◽  
Anne Jørgensen ◽  
John Erik Nielsen ◽  
Li Juel Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Sperm Counts

AbstractInfertile men have few treatment options. Here, we demonstrate that the transmembrane receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) signaling system is active in mouse and human testis. RANKL is highly expressed in Sertoli cells and signals through RANK, expressed in most germ cells, whereas the RANKL-inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) is expressed in germ and peritubular cells. OPG treatment increases wild-type mouse sperm counts, and mice with global or Sertoli-specific genetic suppression of Rankl have increased male fertility and sperm counts. Moreover, RANKL levels in seminal fluid are high and distinguishes normal from infertile men with higher specificity than total sperm count. In infertile men, one dose of Denosumab decreases RANKL seminal fluid concentration and increases serum Inhibin-B and anti-Müllerian-hormone levels, but semen quality only in a subgroup. This translational study suggests that RANKL is a regulator of male reproductive function, however, predictive biomarkers for treatment-outcome requires further investigation in placebo-controlled studies.

The Prevalence of Bacteriospermia in Infertile Men and Association with Semen Quality in Southwestern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Motamedifar ◽  
Yalda Malekzadegan ◽  
Parisa Namdari ◽  
Behzad Dehghani ◽  
Bahia Namavar Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Southwestern Iran

Introduction: Infertility considered as a social and public health issue and estimated that most of these infertile couples are residents of developing countries. Infectious diseases including the history of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) may impact on male reproductive function. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contaminants of semen and probable association with sperm quality of infertile men in Iranian population. Methods: The study population consisted of 200 infertile men and 150 fertile men attending an infertility Center in southwestern Iran during the study period in 2015. The assessment of sperm parameters was according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The presumptive pathogens were identified using standard microbiology tests and confirmed by specific PCR primers. Results: The prevalence of bacteriospermia in the semen of the infertile group was significantly higher than that in the fertile group (48% vs. 26.7%, P <0.001). The microbiological analysis of samples showed that the most abundant species of bacteria in semen of infertile men were Chlamydia trachomatis (12.5%) followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (11%). On the other hand, in the control group, Lactobacillus spp. (17.3%) was the most isolated pathogen. Results showed that the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Haemophilus, and Klebsiella was significantly associated with sperm abnormality. Conclusion: Based on our findings, it seems that bacteriospermia is associated with alterations in the properties of semen which may lead to a decrease in the fertilization potential of sperm. Therefore, immediate and appropriate treatment is necessary before investigating every other possible cause of infertility.

scholarly journals Association between GH receptor polymorphism (exon 3 deletion), serum IGF1, semen quality, and reproductive hormone levels in 838 healthy young men

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Andreassen ◽  
R B Jensen ◽  
N Jørgensen ◽  
A Juul
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Semen Volume

IntroductionGH activity may be involved in male reproductive function. A common genetic polymorphism in the gene encoding the GH receptor (GHR) results in deletion of the entire exon 3 sequence (GHRd3 isoform). The short GHRd3/d3 isoform seems more sensitive compared with full-length receptors (GHRfl/fl).AimTo investigate the associations between GH activity, evaluated by exon 3 GHR polymorphism, and serum IGF1 vs reproductive hormones, semen quality, and pre- and postnatal growth in healthy young males (n=838, mean age: 19.4 years).ResultsCompared with GHRfl/fl homozygous individuals (n=467) GHRd3/d3 homozygous individuals (n=69) tended to have larger semen volume (3.2 (2.4–4.3) vs 3.6 (2.6–4.7) ml, P=0.053) and higher serum inhibin-B levels (208 pg/ml (158–257) vs 227 pg/ml (185–264), P=0.050). Semen quality, levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and IGF1 were not associated with GHRd3 genotype.A twofold increase in serum IGF1 was associated with a 13% (4–23) increase in calculated free testosterone (P=0.004). By contrast IGF1 was inversely associated with serum inhibin-B (P=0.027), but showed no associations to semen quality. GHR genotype and serum IGF1 were not associated with size at birth or final height.ConclusionsGHRd3 polymorphism seemed only to have a weak influence on male reproductive function of borderline significance. The sensitive GHRd3/d3 genotype may slightly increase testicular function, as evaluated by semen volume and levels of inhibin-B, but does not seem to influence Leydig cell steroidogenesis. GHR genotype did not influence pre- and postnatal growth.

Levels of seminal tRNA-derived fragments from normozoospermic men correlate with the success rate of ART

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta B Grosso ◽  
Luciana Zoff ◽  
Karina L Calvo ◽  
María Belén Maraval ◽  
Mariana Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Decreased fertility is becoming an important social and medical problem and the male factor is involved in at least half of infertility cases. Since conventional semen analysis provides limited prediction of male fertility; in this work, we evaluated the potential use of seminal small RNAs (sRNA) as markers of semen quality in ART. Our bioinformatic analyses of available sRNA-seq databases showed that the most abundant sRNA species in seminal plasma of normozoospermic men are tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), a novel class of regulatory sRNAs. These molecules not only exert their function within cells but also are released into the extracellular environment where they could carry out signaling functions. To evaluate whether the assessment of seminal tRFs in normozoospermic men has a predictive value for the clinical outcome in ART, we performed a prospective study with couples who underwent ICSI cycles with donated oocytes. The results obtained demonstrated that levels of 5’tRF-Glu-CTC, 5’tRF-Lys-CTT, and 5’tRF-Gly-GCC are significantly elevated in seminal samples from cases with repeated failed ICSI cycles, suggesting a potential association between increased seminal tRFs and unexplained male infertility. Interestingly, these tRFs showed a negative association with seminal testosterone, highlighting their involvement in male endocrinology. Our findings also suggest that tRFs could play a role in modulating male reproductive function in response to physiological stress since they showed significant associations with the levels of sperm DNA fragmentation in couples that achieved pregnancy but not in cases with failed ICSI cycles where seminal cortisol levels correlate with sperm quality.

Review lecture - Relevance of physiological and biochemical research to problems in animal fertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 193 (1110) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Biochemical Research ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

An account is given of the contribution of multidisciplinary fundamental research to the solution of specific practical aspects in animal fertility. Examples are cited highlighting the successes achieved in (i) the synchronization of oestrus and induction of ovulation in the practice of animal breeding, which are the direct outcome of studies on the mechanism controlling the intricate pattern of reproduction in a variety of animal species, (ii) embryo transfer, an important procedure for improving livestock and raising the rate of multiple pregnancy, and (iii) assessment of semen quality, long-term low-temperature storage of spermatozoa for artificial insemination, and the appraisal of male reproductive function, by means of an analytical approach, encompassing scientific data gathered in the course of extensive physiological and biochemical investigations of semen. The considerable scope for further efforts by scientists in assisting the solution of problems concerned with practical aspects of animal fertility is discussed.

scholarly journals Co-Administration of the Traditional Medicines Hachimi-Jio-Gan and Hochu-Ekki-To Can Reverse Busulfan-Induced Aspermatogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Qu ◽  
Miyuki Kuramasu ◽  
Kenta Nagahori ◽  
Yuki Ogawa ◽  
Shogo Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agent ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Traditional Japanese Medicine ◽  
Anti Cancer

Busulfan is used as a chemotherapeutic drug to treat childhood and adult chronic myelogenous leukemia, and as an immunosuppressive agent before bone marrow transplantation. A key side effect of busulfan is the alteration of male reproductive function. Infertility caused by anti-cancer treatments has become a significant concern, but there are currently limited treatments for this condition. Recently, we demonstrated that Gosha-jinki-gan, a traditional Japanese medicine, completely reversed the spermatogenesis defects caused by cancer treatment in mice. Hochu-ekki-to and Hachimi-jio-gan are commonly used to treat male infertility, and Hachimi-jio-gan shares herbal ingredients with Gosha-jinki-gan. Therefore, in the present study, we administered Hachimi-jio-gan and Hochu-ekki-to alone or in combination to mice with severe aspermatogenesis caused by busulfan treatment. We performed testis weight measurements, quantitative histological assessments of the testes and the epididymis, and evaluated sperm counts and morphology. We also assessed the expression of immune mediators and macrophage markers. Treatment with a combination of both the medicines significantly reduced busulfan-induced testicular toxicity when compared to the lone treatment with either medicine. We demonstrated that treatment efficacy was related to a differential impact on testicular inflammation, and that the synergistic effect of co-administration completely reversed the busulfan-induced damage to the reproductive functions.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM TESTOSTERONE OENANTHATE ADMINISTRATION ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: CLINICAL EVALUATION, SERUM FSH, LH, TESTOSTERONE, AND SEMINAL FLUID ANALYSES IN NORMAL MEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mauss ◽  
G. Börsch ◽  
K. Bormacher ◽  
E. Richter ◽  
G. Leyendecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT The effect of long-term testosterone administration on male reproductive function has been investigated in seven healthy young men age 20 to 27 years. Testosterone oenanthate (TOe) was administered in doses of 250 mg per week for 21 weeks. No toxic side-effects were observed. Libido, sexual potency, frequency of sexual intercourse and body hair development generally remained unaffected, but there was a reversible mean weight gain of 3.6 kg during TOe administration. Seminal fluid parameters and radioimmunoassayable serum FSH, LH, testosterone, and androstenedione levels were monitored before, during, and after TOe administration. The serum testosterone rose approximately by a factor of two, while the serum FSH and LH were rapidly suppressed after the initiation of the TOe therapy. The mean sperm concentration fell to values below three million spermatozoa per ml, and changes in sperm motility, the percentage of normal sperm morphology, and seminal fructose concentrations generally paralleled those of the mean sperm concentrations. In contrast, the mean seminal fluid volume and serum androstenedione levels did not change significantly during TOe administration. The mean sperm concentration showed a marked recovery 13 to 16 weeks after TOe withdrawal, but sperm counts remained below pre-treatment levels in three out of seven subjects 25 to 28 weeks after discontinuation of TOe.

scholarly journals Environmental chemicals in dog testes reflect their geographical source and may be associated with altered pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca N. Sumner ◽  
Andrew Byers ◽  
Zulin Zhang ◽  
Jorgen S. Agerholm ◽  
Lena Lindh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIn humans and dogs, a temporal decline in semen quality and increased incidence of testicular cancer is hypothesised to be associated with exposure to anthropogenic chemicals, particularly during fetal development. Human studies suggest that differential exposures to environmental chemicals may be associated with geographical differences in male reproductive health. Here we investigate testicular chemical profiles and pathologies in dogs residing in the UK [West Midlands (WM), East Midlands (EM), South East (SE)], Denmark (Copenhagen) and Finland (Vantaa). Testes, surplus from routine castrations, contained region specific differences in relative concentrations of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Relative to UK regions, testes from dogs living in Finland and Denmark had higher concentrations of PBDE and lower concentrations of DEHP and PCBs. Regional differences in the UK in PCB concentrations were also observed. Dog testes from Finland had fewer pathologies, reduced testicular area stained for Sertoli and germ cells and evidence of reduced cellular proliferation. Since the geographical differences in testis pathologies in dogs parallel reports of regional differences in human testicular cancer, we postulate that this may reflect chemical effects within the testis and that this may be related to environmental influences on male reproductive function.

The mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Heydari ◽  
Rafighe Ghiasi ◽  
Saber Ghaderpour ◽  
Rana Keyhanmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Obesity resulted by imbalance between the intake of energy and energy consumption can lead to growth and metabolic disease development in people. Both in obese men and animal models, several studies indicate that obesity leads to male infertility. Objective: This review has discussed some mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility. Method: Online documents were searched through Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites dating from 1959 to recognize studies on obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and infertility. Results: Obesity induced elevated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress can affect male reproductive functions including spermatogenesis disorders, reduced male fertility power and hormones involved in hypothalamus-pituitarygonadal axis. Conclusion: There is significant evidence that obesity resulted in male infertility. obesity has negative effect on male reproductive function via several mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress.

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