scholarly journals Morphological and Pathogenic Variability amongMacrophomina phaseolinaIsolates Associated with Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) Wilczek from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Iqbal ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Medium Weight

Macrophomina phaseolinais a serious pathogen of many crops. In the present studies, 65 isolates ofMacrophomina phaseolinafrom different agroecological regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan were analyzed for morphological and pathogenic variability. Regardless of their geographic origins, significant differences were detected among 65 isolates in their radial growth, sclerotial size, and weight as well as in pathogenicity. Sixteen isolates were rated as fast growing, 11 as slow growing, and the rest of the isolates as medium growing. Nine isolates were classified as large sized, 26 as small sized, and the remaining 30 isolates as medium sized. Thirty five isolates were ranked as heavy weight, 12 as low weight, and the rest of isolates were grouped as medium weight. Ten fungal isolates appeared to be least virulent, whereas eight isolates of diverse origin proved to be highly virulent against mungbean cultivars. The remaining isolates were regarded as moderately virulent. No relationship was found among the morphological characters and pathogenicity of the isolates. These morphological and pathogenic variations in various isolates ofM. phaseolinamay be considered important in disease management systems and will be useful in breeding programmes of mungbean cultivars resistant to charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Screening of homokaryotic protoclones of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach by colony characters and ISSR markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Islam Nazrul ◽  
Fan Xiao Lin ◽  
Bian Yin-Bing
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Issr Primers

Among ten slow-growing protoclones of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach, all appressed colonies showed slower growth rate and spawn run, and inability to produce fruiting bodies in substrate. Seven of 40 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers amplified 78 reproducible fragments, 48.93% were polymorphic, each producing 7 to 16 bands ranging from 0.10 to 2.10 kbp, sufficient to differentiate the protoclones from each other. Appressed protoclones were homoallelic at a number of loci that were heteroallelic in the parent, suggesting that they represented rare homokaryons. Thus, using morphological characters along with ISSR, polymorphisms could be useful for quick, easy, and accurate in distinguishing homo- and heterokaryotic isolates. Key words: Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach; Homokaryon; ISSR; Protoclone DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i1.5537Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(1): 119-122, 2010 (June)

scholarly journals Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Ziedan ◽  
Ibrahim Elewa ◽  
Mostafa Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Sahab
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Va Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Diseases

Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (VAM) was evaluated as a biotic agent for controlling wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Zap.) Cast and Macrophomina phaseolina (Moubl) Ashby pathogens can infect sesame plant at any growth stage causing considerable losses of seed yield. Spores of VA mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus spp.) were collected from the soil around the root systems of sesame plants then propagated on roots of Suddan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese). Under green house and field conditions, two hundreds sporocarps of Glomus spp. were added as a soil drench beside the sesame plant. Glomus spp. (VA mycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants. Lums spp. (VA mycorrhizae) also significantly increased plant morphological characters such as plant height, number of branches and number of pods for each plant. Application of Glomus spp. to protect sesame plants by colonizing the root system, significantly reduced colonization of fungal pathogens in sesame rhizosphere as well as pathogenic activity of fungal pathogens increased lignin contents in the sesame root system were also observed. Furthermore, mycorrhizae treatment provided selective bacterial stimulation for colonization on sesame rhizosphere. These bacteria belonging the Bacillus group showed highly antagonistic potential to fungal pathogens. Application of mycorrhizae together with other biocontrol agent such as Trichoderma viride or Bacillus subtilis significantly effected than individual treatments for controlling these diseases incidences and increasing morphological characters and seed yield of sesame.

Effects of Nestling Diet on Growth and Adult Size of Zebra Finches (Poephila guttata)

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Boag
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Poephila Guttata ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Adult Mass ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Minor Extent

Abstract Manipulation of the diet of Zebra Finch (Poephila guttata) nestlings in the laboratory showed that a low-quality diet reduced growth rates of nine external morphological characters, while a high-quality diet increased growth rates. The growth of plumage characters was least affected by diet, while growth rates of tarsus and mass were most affected. The treatments also produced differences in the adult size of experimental birds, differences not evident in either their parents or their own offspring. Diet quality had the strongest impact on adult mass and tarsus length, while plumage and beak measurements were less affected. Analysis using principal components and character ratios showed that the shape of experimental birds was affected by the experimental diets, but to a minor extent compared with changes in overall size. Significant shape changes involved ratios between fast- and slow-growing characters. The ratios of characters that grow at similar, slow rates (e.g. beak shape) were not affected by the diets. Environmental sources of morphological variation should not be neglected in studies of phenotypic variation in birds.

Physiological characterization of a phenotypically distinct jute (Corchorus olitorius) genotype

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palit ◽  
J. H. Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Lower Height

In a search for high-quality jute (Corchorus olitorius) fibre using phenotypic marker(s), a single plant from CRIJAF accession OIJ 154 was isolated on the basis of its unique red-tinted pale green stem, which becomes crimson red at maturity, and was given a code name, PPO4. Progenies from this selection bred true with respect to morphological characters. It has a slightly lower height at maturity, but has comparable yield and a higher harvest index when compared to the most popular high-yielding variety JRO 524. In spite of having lower chlorophyll per unit weight of leaf tissue, the photosynthetic rate per unit chlorophyll, the relative growth rate of PPO4 was higher than JRO 524. A composite analysis of quality parameters indicated that the genotype is of higher grade (between TD2 and TD3) with very fine (1.5 tex) fibre of high tensile strength (19.7 g/tex). The lignin content (ca 14%) of the fibre was also less than that of JRO524 (ca 17%) under standard assay conditions. This plant type, with distinct morphological markers, could be utilized in breeding programmes for the genetic improvement of jute.

scholarly journals First Report on the Presence of Leptosphaeria maculans Pathogenicity Group-3, the Causal Agent of Blackleg of Canola in Manitoba

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. D. Fernando ◽  
Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.) Ces. & De Not. (anamorph = Phoma lingam) (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz.), is an economically important and serious disease of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Australia, Europe, and Canada. L. maculans isolates can be categorized into four pathogenicity groups (PGs) on the basis of the interaction phenotypes (IP) on the differential canola cvs. Westar, Glacier, and Quinta (1) by using a standard screening protocol in the greenhouse. PG1 isolates are weakly virulent and PG2, PG3, and PG4 isolates are highly virulent. In Manitoba, L. maculans population consists mainly of PG2 (virulent on cv. Westar; avirulent on cvs. Glacier and Quinta) and a few PG1 isolates (avirulent on all three differentials). The Oilseed Pathology Lab in the Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba examines the pathogenic variability of blackleg isolates obtained from Manitoba each year. In 2002, the blackleg-resistant cv. Q2, was found to be severely infected in Roland, Manitoba. The canola stubble collected from a coop trial plot (Roland, Manitoba) and a farm in East Selkirk (60 km northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba) was isolated for the blackleg fungus. Small pieces of stubble were cut from the pseudothecia forming section and surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 to 5 min and then rinsed in sterile distilled water. V8 agar medium containing 1% streptomycin sulphate was used to culture the isolates under continuous cool-white fluorescent light for 14 days. Pure cultures of the pathogen were isolated and characterized as L. maculans by means of colony morphology, pycnidia, and microscopic observations of pycnidiospores. Pycnidiospores that formed on V8 plates were flooded with 10 ml of sterile distilled water and then harvested by filtering through sterilized Miracloth and kept at -20°C. The isolates were passed once through cv. Westar to maintain their virulence. The PG test was performed with the three differential cultivars. Two additional cultivars, Q2 (resistant to PG2 isolates) and Defender (moderately resistant to PG2 isolates), were included for comparisons. Twelve 7-day-old cotyledons of each differential cultivar grown in Metro Mix were wound inoculated with a 10-μl droplet of pycnidiospore suspension (1 × 107 pycnidiospores per ml). Inoculated cotyledons were maintained in the greenhouse (16/21°C night/day and a 16-h photoperiod). The experiment was repeated twice. Disease severity on cotyledons was assessed 12 days postinoculation by using a 0 to 9 scale (2). All five isolates from Roland and East Selkirk were highly virulent on Glacier (6.4 to 7.7), Q2 (7.1 to 8.2), and Defender (7.2 to 8.4), but intermediately virulent on Quinta (4.5 to 5.4). This clearly indicated that these isolates were of PG3. Isolates of PG2 have been predominant in Manitoba for the past 25 years, and highly virulent isolates belonging to PG3 had not been detected previously. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of PG3 in L. maculans in Manitoba. References: (1) A. Mengistu et al. Plant Dis. 75:1279, 1991. (2) P. H. Williams. Crucifer Genetics Cooperatives (CrGC) Resource Book, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1985.

Pathogenic and morphological variability among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri isolates causing wilt in chickpea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Chaithra ◽  
H. Manjunath ◽  
M. Saifulla ◽  
Pagala Deepthi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Twelve Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri isolates were isolated from chickpea infected samples collected across different states of India. Pathogenic variability of twelve isolates was observed on seven chickpea cultivars viz., JG 62, Annigeri-1, Chaffa, CPS-1, K 850, L 550 and DCP 92-3. Among the twelve isolates APFOC-1 showed lowest wilt incidence 71.43 per cent and the isolate MPFOC-9 showed 100 per cent wilt incidence in all cultivars. The variability in morphological characters like size, shape, color of conidia and size, shape, color of chlamydospore were observed in all the isolates. The size of macroconidia varied from 9.23X2.53 ìm (WBFOC-12) to 19.3X5.52 ìm (MHFOC-8) with 2-4 septation. The size of microconidia varied from 4.4X2.93 ìm (MPFOC-9) to 8.26X4.2 ìm (MHFOC-8) with 0-1 septation. Macroconidia were sickle shaped and blunt ends with hyaline color. Microconidia were round to oval with hyaline color. Size of chlamydospore varied from 2.67 (UPFOC-11) to 8.24 (JKFOC-5). Chlamydospores did not show much variation with respect to shape and color. Based on the total number of spores observed per microscopic field, the twelve isolates categorized into four groups viz., poor sporulants, moderate sporulants, good sporulants and very good sporulants.

scholarly journals Cultural, Morphological and Pathogenic Variability in Alternaria cyamopsidis Causing Alternaria Blight of Clusterbean in Rajasthan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Sharma ◽  
G.S. Rathore ◽  
S.L. Yadav ◽  
S.K. Goyal ◽  
Suresh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Variability Study ◽  
Spore Length

Background: Alternaria cyamopsidis (Rang. and Rao) causes Alternaria blight of clusterbean and it is one of the significant disease of clusterbean. Studies were conducted to compare the Cultural, morphological and pathogenic variability among ten isolates of Alternaria cyamopsidis from clusterbean, in five districts of Rajasthan viz., Bikaner, Barmer, Churu, Hanumangarh and Jaipur. Methods: During 2016-17 exhaustive survey was conducted in clusterbean growing areas of Rajasthan and collected diseased samples of clusterbean caused by Alternaria. All the samples were processed for isolation, purification and their pathogenicity was proved in cagehouse and laboratory and standard methods were adopted for cultural and morphological variability study. Result: All the isolates showed variation in their morphological characters, i.e., colony color and shape; conidial number, size, width, length, shape and septation on PDA. Out of ten isolates two isolate, viz., AlcyJp1 and AlcyJp2 showed maximum colony diameter 89.50 and 86.30 mm, respectively. All the isolates varied in their spore length and width and virulent on the tested variety of clusterbean for virulence. AlcyJp1 was the most virulent and produced maximum (65.50%) disease intensity, followed by AlcyJp2 isolate (61.22%).

Reproductive performance, growth rate and body composition of broiler breeder hens differing in body weight at 21 weeks of age

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
N. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Medium Weight

The effects of variation in body weight at 21 weeks of age on subsequent growth rate, body composition and reproductive performance were studied in broiler breeder hens from 22 to 62 weeks of age. Pullets were sorted into three groups on the basis of body weight (low, medium and high) at 21 weeks of age. Pullets of the low-weight group contained a greater percentage of carcass water and less carcass fat at 22 weeks of age than did the medium- and high-weight pullets, and less carcass protein than the high-weight birds. The relative difference in body weight between the three groups of hens was maintained to 62 weeks of age, the high-weight hens being heavier than the low- and medium-weight hens at the end of the study. The low-weight birds began to lay later than the medium- and high-weight pullets. The low- and medium-weight birds were lighter in weight compared to the high-weight pullets at sexual maturity. Total egg output was lower in the low-weight hens than in the medium- and high-weight hens. No difference was seen in sequence and intersequence pause parameters or in fertility, embryo viability or embryo production between the three groups of hens. On a percentage basis, there were no differences in body composition between groups of birds at 62 weeks of age. It was concluded that pullets which are underweight at 21 weeks of age exhibit a poorer production record than do pen-mates which are of normal or greater than normal body weight. Key words: Broiler breeder hens, egg production, body weight, body composition, sequence length, fertility, embryo viability

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular characterization of rhizoctonia oryzae sativae in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
SB Jahan ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
ZR Moni ◽  
MA Latif
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rhizoctonia Oryzae ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
North Western ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Aggregate sheath spot disease of rice caused by Rhizoctonia oryzaesativae has emerged in higher incidence in North-Western region of Bangladesh. Thirty isolates of R. oryzae-sativae were studied by using morphological and molecular marker. Isolates were confirmed using specific primer where a single band of 1200bp was amplified. Two distinct groups relatively slow and faster were found in mycelal growth. Molecular characterization was done using four primers and DNA band ranged from 0.25 to 2.21 kb. A combined dendrogram was constructed which separated the isolates into three groups at 69.6% similarity level. All isolates placed in two major clusters except isolate RA-1 placed in cluster group III but were not grouped according to their geographic origins. Fast growing isolates have been placed in Group II while slow growing isolates in cluster group I. The similarity coefficient values of the dendrogram profile ranged from 0.36 to 0.98 with an average of 0.67. Diversity of different isolate showed that significant variation was present among the isolate and were not genetically identical. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 119-128 (2018)

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