scholarly journals A Novel Cooperative ARQ Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyong Wang ◽  
Geng Yang ◽  
Yiran Gu ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Zhixin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Channel Fading ◽  
Relay Nodes

In wireless sensor networks, cooperative communication can combat the effects of channel fading by exploiting diversity gain achieved via cooperation communication among the relay nodes. A cooperative automatic retransmission request (ARQ) protocol based on two-relay node selection was proposed in this paper. A novel discrete time Markov chain model in order to analyze the throughput and energy efficiency was built, and system throughput and energy efficiency performance of proposed protocol and traditional ARQ protocol were studied based on such model. The numerical results reveal that the throughput and energy efficiency of the proposed protocol could perform better when compared with the traditional ARQ protocol.

scholarly journals MCA-MAC: Modified Cooperative Access MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Hossam ◽  
Tarek Salem ◽  
Anar Abdel Hady ◽  
Sherine Abd El-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Energy Aware

Throughput, energy efficiency and average packet delivery delay are some of the most crucial metrics that should be considered in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This paper proposes a modified Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for WSNs, called (MCA-MAC). MCA-MAC aims to improve the previous metrics and thus the overall performance of WSNs through using cooperative communication. It enables source nodes from using intermediate nodes as relays to send their data through them to the access point. MCA-MAC protocol is also acting as a cross layer protocol where the best end-to-end path between the source and destination is found through an efficient algorithm. Mathematical analysis demonstrates that MCA-MAC protocol can determine the optimal relay node that has the minimum transmission time for the given source-destination pair. Using Multi-Paradigm Programming Language (MATLAB) simulation environment, this paper estimates MCA-MAC protocol performance in terms of system throughput, energy efficiency and delay. The results show that MCA-MAC protocol outperforms the existing scheme called Throughput and Energy aware Cooperative MAC protocol (TEC-MAC) protocol under ideal and dynamic channel conditions. Under ideal conditions, MCA-MAC protocol achieved throughput, and energy efficiency improvements of 12%, and 50% respectively, more than TEC-MAC protocol. While the packet delay through using MCA-MAC has been decreased by about 48% less than TEC-MAC protocol.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Application Towards e-Healthcare

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Kumar Bangotra ◽  
Yashwant Singh ◽  
Arvind Selwal ◽  
Nagesh Kumar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

The lifetime of a node in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is directly responsible for the longevity of the wireless network. The routing of packets is the most energy-consuming activity for a sensor node. Thus, finding an energy-efficient routing strategy for transmission of packets becomes of utmost importance. The opportunistic routing (OR) protocol is one of the new routing protocol that promises reliability and energy efficiency during transmission of packets in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, we propose an intelligent opportunistic routing protocol (IOP) using a machine learning technique, to select a relay node from the list of potential forwarder nodes to achieve energy efficiency and reliability in the network. The proposed approach might have applications including e-healthcare services. As the proposed method might achieve reliability in the network because it can connect several healthcare network devices in a better way and good healthcare services might be offered. In addition to this, the proposed method saves energy, therefore, it helps the remote patient to connect with healthcare services for a longer duration with the integration of IoT services.

scholarly journals Energy-Aware Adaptive Cooperative FEC Protocol in MIMO Channel for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jin ◽  
Guangwei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Rs Codes

We propose an adaptive cooperative forward error correction (ACFEC) based on energy efficiency combining Reed-Solomon (RS) coder algorithm and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel technology with monitoring signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in wireless sensor networks. First, we propose a new Markov chain model for FEC based on RS codes and derive the expressions for QoS on the basis of this model, which comprise four metrics: throughput, packet error rate, delay, and energy efficiency. Then, we apply RS codes with the MIMO channel technology to the cross-layer design. Numerical and simulation results show that the joint design of MIMO and adaptive cooperative FEC based on RS codes can achieve considerable spectral efficiency gain, real-time performance, reliability, and energy utility.

scholarly journals Markov Chain Model-Based Optimal Cluster Heads Selection for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Ahmed ◽  
Jianhua Zou ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Mian Sadiq Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Optimal Cluster

Analysis of relay node failure in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Kakamanshadi ◽  
Savita Gupta ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Introduction: Fault tolerance is an important issue for assuring data reliability, energy saving and prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Since, sensor node, relay node, etc. are prone to failure, there is a need an effective fault tolerance mechanism. Method: Relay nodes have used as cluster heads and the concept of two disjoint paths has used for proving fault tolerance against link failure. To evaluate the Fault Tolerance Level, Mean Time to Failure and subsequently Failure Rate has calculated, that reflect the reliability of the network. Results: The results show that as the area size of the network increases, the average Fault Tolerance Level of the network almost becomes constant. Furthermore, when the Mean Time to Failure of the network decreases then the Failure Rate increases. It means the overall reliability of the network with smaller network size is more than the larger network size. Conclusion: This analysis helps the network designers to decide the quantity of deployment of relay nodes with respect to fault tolerance level. It also, may help to prevent relay nodes failure as to take appropriate action so as to increase the fault tolerance level of the network as well as network reliability. Discussion: This paper presents a detailed analysis of relay nodes failure under distinct network configurations in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.

A Grid-Based Relay Node Placement Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 1632-1637
Author(s):  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Cui Cui Lv ◽  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Relay Node Placement ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Node Placement ◽  
Placement Algorithm

The relay node placement in wireless sensor networks is usually constrained by physical factors, while most of present relay node placement approaches are unconstrained. To solve the problem, the paper presents a constrained relay node placement algorithm. Based on grid routing mechanism, the algorithm determines the grid intersections as candidates for the relay node locations, and places as fewer relay nodes as possible to assure the network connectivity. Consideration must be given to both the number of relay nodes and energy efficient, the paper uses the greedy norm and constrains to place relay nodes. By the analysis and study of the experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithm is more superior to the algorithm without constrains.

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