scholarly journals Effects of the Fourth Ventricle Compression in the Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System: A Randomized Control Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Cardoso-de-Mello-e-Mello-Ribeiro ◽  
Cleofás Rodríguez-Blanco ◽  
Inmaculada Riquelme-Agulló ◽  
Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo ◽  
François Ricard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Introduction. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is an important factor in the development of chronic pain. Fourth ventricle compression (CV-4) has been shown to influence autonomic activity. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear.Objectives. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of fourth ventricle compression on the autonomic nervous system.Methods. Forty healthy adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group, on whom CV-4 was performed, or to a control group, who received a placebo intervention (nontherapeutic touch on the occipital bone). In both groups, plasmatic catecholamine levels, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before and immediately after the intervention.Results. No effects related to the intervention were found. Although a reduction of norepinephrine, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate was found after the intervention, it was not exclusive to the intervention group. In fact, only the control group showed an increment of dopamine levels after intervention.Conclusion. Fourth ventricle compression seems not to have any effect in plasmatic catecholamine levels, blood pressure, or heart rate. Further studies are needed to clarify the CV-4 physiologic mechanisms and clinical efficacy in autonomic regulation and pain treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of heart rate variability and tone of the autonomic nervous system in puberty-aged children with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O V Sidorovich ◽  
S Y U Elizarova ◽  
A V Khizhnyak ◽  
N A Kuznetsova ◽  
E E Prosova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
End Of Puberty

Abstract   Within the framework of the research into pathological conditions and syndromes associated with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD), an emphasis needs to be placed on the changes in heart rhythm. In puberty, the severity of neurovegetative disorders caused by the presence of UCTD might increase manifold. The features of heart rate variability (HRV) in pubertal children against the background of UCTD have been studied insufficiently and require more detailed analysis. This study aims to assess heart rate variability and tone of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in puberty-aged children with UCTD. Two groups of children were examined, with methods including electrocardiography and cardiointervalography. The main group consisted of 36 puberty-aged children with UCTD, the control group consisted of 30 healthy children. ANS tone was assessed based on the HRV. In the control group of children aged 11, the value of variation range (VR) was 0.18±0.4, mode amplitude (MA) 35.2±2.4, stress index (IN) 72.8±4.3, which corresponds to the state of vegetative balance. As the puberty progresses, the state of eutonia is replaced by the activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS, which becomes most pronounced at the age of 13 years. In the control group of children aged 13, the value of VR was 0.08±0.02, MA 61.7±2.1, SI 210.6±8.6, which corresponds to moderate sympathicotonia. By the end of puberty, in healthy children, the severity of sympathetic activation begins to decrease, and at the age of 15 years, vegetative balance is again observed. However, this pattern is violated in children with UCTD. Upon entering puberty, moderate activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS is already observed in children with UCTD. At the age of 11 years in this group, the value of VR is 0.06±0.02, MA 72.4±3.1, SI 211.2±8.6. At the age of 13, pronounced sympathicotonia is observed, which is confirmed by the values of VR - 0.04±0.01, MA 80.2±4.3 and SI 34.3±14.7. By the end of puberty in children with UCTD, in contrast to the control group, the analyzed parameters indicate not an equilibrium of the ANS, but the predominance of parasympathetic activation. The research provides an insight into heart rate variability in puberty-aged children with UCTD. It was established that healthy children enter puberty in a state of equilibrium of the autonomic nervous system, which in the middle of puberty is replaced by moderate sympathicotonia, and then returns to its original values. Children with the presence of UCTD enter puberty with moderately pronounced sympathicotonia, which gradually increases to pronounced values and is replaced by moderate vagotonia. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Changes During Autonomic Nervous System Challenge in Panic Disorder Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Martinez ◽  
Amir Garakani ◽  
Horacio Kaufmann ◽  
Cindy J. Aaronson ◽  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pressure Changes

Man, Machine, and Homeostasis

2011 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
James R. Munis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Shed Light

Physiologist Claude Bernard lived in a time when very little was known about the mechanisms underlying physiologic findings, and he had ample access to clues garnered from observing machines. Let's consider homeostasis (a concept championed by Bernard), an example for which an engineered machine shed light on a fundamental principle of physiology. Homeostasis is simply the tendency of the body to maintain important physiologic variables (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, PACO2) at constant, preset values. An example is a simplified mechanical governor that could be used to regulate the rotational speed of a steam engine shaft. ‘Autoregulate’ might be a more apt word because the governor performs without external help or guidance, provided it is designed and built properly. It doesn't take much imagination to see an analogy between the mechanical governor and the autonomic nervous system. Both maintain specific variables at a constant set point through a process of feedback loops.

Paraventricular stimulation with glutamate elicits bradycardia and pituitary responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R112-R119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Darlington ◽  
M. Miyamoto ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
M. F. Dallman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Measured Activation

The excitatory neurotransmitter, L-glutamate (0.5 M, pH 7.4), or the organic acid, acetate (0.5 M, pH 7.4), was microinjected (50 nl over 2 min) directly into the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats while arterial blood pressure and heart rate and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vasopressin, and oxytocin were measured. Activation of PVN neurons with L-glutamate led to increases in plasma ACTH, vasopressin, and oxytocin and a profound bradycardia (approximately 80 beats/min) with little change in arterial blood pressure. Microinjection of acetate had no effect on the above variables. The decrease in heart rate was shown to be dependent on the concentration of glutamate injected and the volume of injectate. The bradycardia was mediated through the autonomic nervous system because ganglionic blockade (pentolinium tartrate) eliminated the response; atropine and propranolol severely attenuated the bradycardia. The bradycardia was greatest when L-glutamate was microinjected into the caudal PVN. Injections into the rostral PVN or into nuclei surrounding the PVN led to small or nonsignificant decreases in heart rate. Focal electric stimulation (2-50 microA) of the PVN also led to decreases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. These data suggest that activation of PVN neurons leads to the release of ACTH, vasopressin, and oxytocin from the pituitary and a bradycardia that is mediated by the autonomic nervous system.

Control of blood pressure and hindlimb conductance during hemorrhage in conscious renal hypertensive rabbits

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. H2302-H2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Weichert ◽  
C. A. Courneya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

We examined the response to hemorrhage in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rabbits under control conditions and during efferent blockade of 1) the hormones vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (ANG II), 2) the autonomic nervous system, and 3) autonomic and hormonal inputs. We recorded mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and hindlimb conductance. The response to hemorrhage was unchanged with hormonal blockade alone. Blockade of the autonomic nervous system caused a faster rate of blood pressure decline, but the rate of decrease in hindlimb conductance was maintained at control levels. Blocking the autonomic nervous system and the hormones resulted in rapid blood pressure decline and an increase in hindlimb conductance. Although the three types of efferent blockade had a similar pattern of effects in normotensive and hypertensive rabbits, hypertensive rabbits exhibited less cardiovascular support during hemorrhage than normotensive rabbits. During hemorrhage, hypertensive rabbits had an attenuation of hindlimb vasoconstriction, a reduction in the heart rate-mean arterial pressure relationship, and reduced ability to maintain blood pressure compared with normotensive rabbits.

19. Role of the autonomic nervous system in blood pressure and heart rate variability in conscious rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. S429
Author(s):  
C. Cerutti ◽  
M. Lo ◽  
Claude Julien ◽  
Madelaine Vincent ◽  
C. Paultre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Autonomic nervous system tests depend on resting heart rate and blood pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Gert van Dijk ◽  
Monique Koenderink ◽  
Aeilko H. Zwinderman ◽  
Joost Haan ◽  
Cor G.S. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

scholarly journals Central- and autonomic nervous system coupling in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2067) ◽  
pp. 20150178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Schulz ◽  
Mathias Bolz ◽  
Karl-Jürgen Bär ◽  
Andreas Voss
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Causal Influence ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Central Activity ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenic

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has been well described in schizophrenia (SZ), a severe mental disorder. Nevertheless, the coupling between the ANS and central brain activity has been not addressed until now in SZ. The interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and ANS need to be considered as a feedback–feed-forward system that supports flexible and adaptive responses to specific demands. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this study investigates central–autonomic couplings (CAC) studying heart rate, blood pressure and electroencephalogram in paranoid schizophrenic patients, comparing them with age–gender-matched healthy subjects (CO). The emphasis is to determine how these couplings are composed by the different regulatory aspects of the CNS–ANS. We found that CAC were bidirectional, and that the causal influence of central activity towards systolic blood pressure was more strongly pronounced than such causal influence towards heart rate in paranoid schizophrenic patients when compared with CO. In paranoid schizophrenic patients, the central activity was a much stronger variable, being more random and having fewer rhythmic oscillatory components. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the interplay of neuronal and autonomic regulatory processes in SZ and most likely greater insights into the complex relationship between psychotic stages and autonomic activity.

Cardiorespiratory and Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Prolonged Eccentric Cycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (07) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophélie Ritter ◽  
Laurie Isacco ◽  
Mark Rakobowchuk ◽  
Nicolas Tordi ◽  
Davy Laroche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Concentric Exercise

AbstractOffering large muscle benefits despite low metabolic demand, continuous eccentric exercise appears to be an interesting alternative to concentric exercise. Nevertheless, further knowledge is needed about prolonged eccentric exercise. This work sought to investigate the cardiovascular responses to prolonged constant-load eccentric compared to concentric cycling. Ten healthy males performed two 45-min exercise sessions of either concentric or eccentric cycling separated by a month and matched for heart rate during the first 5 min of exercise. Cardiorespiratory, autonomic nervous system and vascular responses were assessed at rest, and during exercise and recovery. During cycling, oxygen uptake, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure were similar but heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were greater whereas stroke volume was lower during eccentric than concentric cycling (118±21 vs. 104±10 bpm; 77±9 vs. 65±8 mmHg; 122±12 vs. 135±13 mL). Baroreflex and noradrenaline concentration were altered during eccentric cycling, and after eccentric exercise, vascular tone was greater than after concentric cycling. We observed increased cardiovascular strain and altered baroreflex activity during eccentric compared with concentric exercise, suggesting eccentric cycling triggers greater sympathetic activity.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF REGULAR YOGIC ACTIVITY ON THE FUNCTION OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Choudhary ◽  
Arun Pathak ◽  
Sheela Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: to know the influence of yoga on autonomic functions of the body. Material and Methods: The present prospective case control study was conducted among patients visited the OPD, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India. The findings were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Case group (N=30): subjects who were performing regular yoga asanas and relaxation techniques for at least 5 years. Control group (N=30): age and gender matched subject who were not performing yoga asanas and relaxation techniques or were not engaged with any other type of physical exercises. Results: Amongst the sympathetic nervous system parameters, statistically significant difference existed between cases and controls for the Resting Heart Rate, Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure, Hand grip systolic blood pressure and Hand grip systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion: yogic activity significantly alters the sympathetic activity like heart rate and blood pressure. Keywords: Autonomic Nervous system, Yoga, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure

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