scholarly journals Selective Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor 7-Nitroindazole Protects against Cocaine-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vessela Vitcheva ◽  
Rumyana Simeonova ◽  
Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina ◽  
Mitka Mitcheva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Oxide Synthase

One of the mechanisms involved in the development of addiction, as well as in brain toxicity, is the oxidative stress. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), on cocaine withdrawal and neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: control; group treated with cocaine (15 mg/kg−1, i.p., 7 days); group treated with 7-NI (25 mg/kg−1, i.p., 7 days); and a combination group (7-NI + cocaine). Cocaine repeated treatment resulted in development of physical dependence, judged by withdrawal symptoms (decreased locomotion, increased salivation and breathing rate), accompanied by an increased nNOS activity and oxidative stress. The latter was discerned by an increased formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and impairment of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system measured in whole brain. In synaptosomes, isolated from cocaine-treated rats, mitochondrial activity and GSH levels were also decreased. 7-NI administered along with cocaine not only attenuated the withdrawal, due to its nNOS inhibition, but also reversed both the GSH levels and antioxidant enzyme activities near control levels.

scholarly journals Serum 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase in Hypertension Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Alaa H. Jawad ◽  
Ali Hammed ◽  
Hadeel Adil ◽  
Zyad Al-Qaisi ◽  
Amamer Redwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Hypertension (HT) And related diseases such as chronic kidney disease(CKD) share in that one of the main reasons for them is to increase the oxidative stress, which in turn increases the severity of the disease and exacerbation of symptoms. Reactive molecules produced from oxidative stress, in addition to causing tissue damage by oxidation of biomolecules like DNA, lipids, proteins and sugars; they are lead to the formation of mediators with potent inflammatory effect. The objective of this study was to investigate some markers of oxidative stress in hypertension (HT) and HT with CKD patients in addition to some biochemical parameters related to these diseases. This study involved 84 male subjects aged between (25-65) year equally divided into three groups, first and second one belong to HT and HT with CKD patients respectively from Al-yarmouk Teaching hospital, while the third one for apparently healthy 28 subjects considered as control group. For each subject in the three groups these markers and parameters were evaluated; 4-hydroxy-2-nonenl(4HNE), induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), albumin, urea, creatinine ,total serum protein. The results were compared to control; There was a significantly higher (p<0.01) in 4HNE, and iNOS levels in both HT and HT with CKD patients, while serum albumin and Total serum protein shows significantly (p<0.01) lower levels in both groups. The elevation levels of oxidative stress markers may be due to oxidative damage of tissues that caused by these inflammatory diseases. Was concluded that there was a positive relation between oxidation results from these diseases and their developments and suggest increase need to intake of antioxidants as precaution in front of these disease.

Nebivolol attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in a guinea pig model of ovalbumin-induced asthma: a possible mechanism for its favorable respiratory effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Abuelezz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Asthmatic Group

An experimental model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthma was used to assess the effects of nebivolol, the third-generation selective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker, on airway reactivity, lung inflammation, and oxidative stress markers. The asthma induction protocol was done by OVA sensitization and challenge. Guinea pigs were classified into control, asthmatic, or asthmatic receiving nebivolol either 7.5 or 15 mg·kg–1·day–1 orally. At the end of the study respiratory, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of nebivolol were assessed. The asthmatic group exhibited a significant increase in early and late airway resistance, airway hyperreactivity to histamine, total and absolute leucocytic count, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in lung endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and a significant increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression compared to the control group. The high dose of nebivolol counteracted the increased airway resistance induced by OVA, whereas it had no effect on airway hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, nebivolol exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and restored the altered levels of eNOS and iNOS compared to the asthmatic group. Collectively, these results suggest a beneficial effect of nebivolol in asthma.

Role of TLR-4/IL-6/TNF-α, COX-II and eNOS/iNOS pathways in the impact of carvedilol against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199944
Author(s):  
Mohamed IA Hassan ◽  
Fares EM Ali ◽  
Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Aim: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a syndrome involved in allograft dysfunction. This work aimed to elucidate carvedilol (CAR) role in hepatic I/R injury. Methods: Male rats were allocated to Sham group, CAR group, I/R group and CAR plus I/R group. Rats subjected to hepatic ischemia for 30 minutes then reperfused for 60 minutes. Oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide synthases were measured in hepatic tissues. Results: Hepatocyte injury following I/R was confirmed by a marked increase in liver enzymes. Also, hepatic I/R increased the contents of malondialdehyde however decreased glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, hepatic I/R caused elevation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression and inflammatory mediators levels such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-II. Hepatic I/R caused down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions. CAR treatment before hepatic I/R resulted in the restoration of liver enzymes. Administration of CAR caused a significant correction of oxidative stress and inflammation markers as well as modulates the expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Conclusions: CAR protects liver from I/R injury through reduction of the oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulates endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions.

scholarly journals Endothelial PPAR-γ provides vascular protection from IL-1β-induced oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. H39-H48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Mukohda ◽  
Madeliene Stump ◽  
Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron ◽  
Chunyan Hu ◽  
Frederick W. Quelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ function in the vascular endothelium enhances atherosclerosis and NF-κB target gene expression in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The mechanisms by which endothelial PPAR-γ regulates inflammatory responses and protects against atherosclerosis remain unclear. To assess functional interactions between PPAR-γ and inflammation, we used a model of IL-1β-induced aortic dysfunction in transgenic mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of either wild-type (E-WT) or dominant negative PPAR-γ (E-V290M). IL-1β dose dependently decreased IκB-α, increased phospho-p65, and increased luciferase activity in the aorta of NF-κB-LUC transgenic mice. IL-1β also dose dependently reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation by ACh. The loss of ACh responsiveness was partially improved by pretreatment of the vessels with the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone or in E-WT. Conversely, IL-1β-induced endothelial dysfunction was worsened in the aorta from E-V290M mice. Although IL-1β increased the expression of NF-κB target genes, NF-κB p65 inhibitor did not alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by IL-1β. Tempol, a SOD mimetic, partially restored ACh responsiveness in the IL-1β-treated aorta. Notably, tempol only modestly improved protection in the E-WT aorta but had an increased protective effect in the E-V290M aorta compared with the aorta from nontransgenic mice, suggesting that PPAR-γ-mediated protection involves antioxidant effects. IL-1β increased ROS and decreased the phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177)-to-endothelial nitric oxide synthase ratio in the nontransgenic aorta. These effects were completely abolished in the aorta with endothelial overexpression of WT PPAR-γ but were worsened in the aorta with E-V290M even in the absence of IL-1β. We conclude that PPAR-γ protects against IL-1β-mediated endothelial dysfunction through a reduction of oxidative stress responses but not by blunting IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity.

scholarly journals Reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and nitroso-redox imbalance in ob/ob mice

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto M. Saraiva ◽  
Khalid M. Minhas ◽  
Meizi Zheng ◽  
Eleanor Pitz ◽  
Adriana Treuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Redox Imbalance ◽  
Oxide Synthase

scholarly journals Inflammatory Monocytes Determine Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Uncoupling and Nitro-oxidative Stress Induced by Angiotensin II

2014 ◽  
Vol 289 (40) ◽  
pp. 27540-27550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kossmann ◽  
Hanhan Hu ◽  
Sebastian Steven ◽  
Tanja Schönfelder ◽  
Daniela Fraccarollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Neurosignals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Ghafourifar ◽  
Urs Bringold ◽  
Sabine D. Klein ◽  
Christoph Richter
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Repeated treatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor attenuates learned helplessness development in rats and increases hippocampal BDNF expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alves Stanquini ◽  
Caroline Biojone ◽  
Francisco Silveira Guimarães ◽  
Sâmia Regiane Joca
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Oxide Synthase

BackgroundNitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors induce antidepressant-like effects in animal models sensitive to acute drug treatment such as the forced swimming test. However, it is not yet clear if repeated treatment with these drugs is required to induce antidepressant-like effects in preclinical models.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the effect induced by acute or repeated (7 days) treatment with 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a preferential inhibitor of neuronal NOS, in rats submitted to the learned helplessness (LH) model. In addition, we aimed at investigating if 7-NI treatment would increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the hippocampus, similarly to the effect of prototype antidepressants.MethodsAnimals were submitted to a pre-test (PT) session with inescapable footshocks or habituation (no shocks) to the experimental shuttle box. Six days later they were exposed to a test with escapable footshocks. Independent groups received acute (a single injection after PT or before test) or repeated (once a day for 7 days) treatment with vehicle or 7-NI (30 mg/kg).ResultsRepeated, but not acute, treatment with 7-NI attenuated LH development. The effect was similar to repeated imipramine treatment. Moreover, in an independent experimental group, only repeated treatment with 7-NI and imipramine increased BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus.ConclusionThe results suggest the nitrergic system could be a target for the treatment of depressive-like conditions. They also indicate that, similar to the positive control imipramine, the antidepressant-like effects of NOS inhibition could involve an increase in hippocampal BDNF levels.

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