Is Acculturation Related to Obesity in Hispanic/Latino Adults? Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Background.The study examined the association of obesity with acculturation in a large and diverse sample of US Hispanic/Latino adults.Methods.The Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS)/Study of Latinos (SOL) is a community-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18–74 years (N=16,415) from four urban areas. Height and weight were directly measured using a standardized protocol. Acculturation was assessed by the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH). Other immigration related variables included place of birth, length of residency in the US, and age at immigration. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the association of overweight, moderate obesity, and extreme obesity (≥40 kg/m2) with acculturation and sociodemographic variables.Results.The prevalence of obesity was 42.4% for women and 36.5% for men and varied by field center and Hispanic/Latino background. The strongest predictor of moderate and extreme obesity was length of residency in mainland US. This association was consistent across Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. Acculturation was not significantly associated with obesity.Discussion.The burden of obesity is high among Hispanic/Latino adults. The study findings suggest that prolonged exposure to the environments in these communities, rather than acculturation, is an important risk factor for obesity in this population.

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The Role of Stress in Understanding Differences in Sedentary Behavior in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2014-0608 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 310-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elizabeth Vásquez ◽

Garrett Strizich ◽

Linda Gallo ◽

Simon J. Marshall ◽

Gina C. Merchant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Self Report ◽

Health Study ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Ancillary Study ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

Latino Adults ◽

Sedentary Activities

Background:Chronic stress and/or lifetime traumatic stress can create a self-reinforcing cycle of unhealthy behaviors, such as overeating and sedentary behavior, that can lead to further increases in stress. This study examined the relationship between stress and sedentary behavior in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults (N = 4244) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.Methods:Stress was measured as the number of ongoing difficulties lasting 6 months or more and as lifetime exposure to traumatic events. Sedentary behavior was measured by self-report and with accelerometer. Multivariable regression models examined associations of stress measures with time spent in sedentary behaviors adjusting by potential confounders.Results:Those who reported more than one chronic stressor spent, on average, 8 to 10 additional minutes per day in objectively measured sedentary activities (P < .05), whereas those with more than one lifetime traumatic stressor spent (after we adjusted for confounders) 10 to 14 additional minutes in sedentary activities (P < .01) compared with those who did not report any stressors. Statistical interactions between the 2 stress measures and age or sex were not significant.Conclusion:Interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviors might consider incorporating stress reduction into their approaches.

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Smoking cessation among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.10.006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 412-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Cheryl R. Merzel ◽

Carmen R. Isasi ◽

Garrett Strizich ◽

Sheila F. Castañeda ◽

Marc Gellman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Community Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

Latino Adults

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Abstract P071: Association of Baseline Depressive Symptoms With 6-Year Incidence of Diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J O'Brien ◽

Mercedes R Carnethon ◽

Frank J Penedo ◽

Karen M Tabb ◽

Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Community Health ◽

Self Report ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Health Study ◽

Incidence Density ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Central Americans ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

Latino Adults

Background: Among Hispanics/Latinos, there is substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of depressive symptoms and diabetes by background. This study aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and incident diabetes among Hispanic/Latino adults of diverse backgrounds. Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a prospective, community-based study of 16,415 self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18-74 years at Visit 1 (2008-2011) and 10,914 who have also completed the Visit 2 examination by August 2017. This analysis includes 8,804 participants who were free from diabetes at baseline and attended both Visits. Baseline depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D 10-item depression scale and divided into quartiles. Incident diabetes was defined by fasting glucose ≥126mg/dL, 2-hour postload glucose 140-199mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or self-report. Accounting for HCHS/SOL complex survey design, we used Poisson regression models to estimate diabetes incidence density ratios (Table). Results: Baseline BMI was associated with both depressive symptoms and incident diabetes. Overall, 876 participants developed diabetes. In analyses stratified by Hispanic/Latino background, the association between baseline depressive symptoms and incident diabetes was significant for South Americans, Central Americans, and Mexicans. No significant associations between depressive symptoms and diabetes were seen among Hispanics/Latinos of Dominican, Cuban, or Puerto Rican backgrounds. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the association between depressive symptoms and incident diabetes in Hispanics/Latinos may differ by their background, with South and Central Americans at the highest risk. This difference may be partly explained by variation in participants’ understanding of CES-D questions by Hispanic/Latino background. Future research is needed to understand these novel findings fully and explore their implications for practice and policy.

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Abstract P209: Sugar and Artificially-sweetened Beverages and 6-year Weight Change: Results From The Hispanic Community Health Study, Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Samantha Schilsky ◽

Wayne D Rosamond ◽

June STEVENS ◽

Carmen R Isasi ◽

Martha L DAVIGLUS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Health Study ◽

Sugar Intake ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

The Us ◽

The U.S

Background: Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the largest contributor to added sugars and calories in the U.S. diet with highest intake among US Hispanics. The prevalence of obesity in adults in the US is much higher in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites (47% and 38% respectively). Improving our understanding of the association between SSB and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption and measures of adiposity can inform interventions targeting overweight and obesity. Aim: Examine the independent associations of daily SSB and ASB consumption with 6-year changes in weight, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in Hispanics in the US. Methods: We examined 7402 adults without diabetes aged 18-74yrs at baseline (2008-11) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multi-site community-based cohort in the US. Baseline exposures of daily SSB and ASB consumption were estimated combining two 24-hour dietary recalls and a Food Propensity Questionnaire using the NCI method to correct for measurement error and account for episodically consumed foods. Complex survey linear regression models were used to examine associations of SSBs and ASBs with 6-year change in weight (kg), WC (cm) and BMI. Models were adjusted for age, gender, center, background, education, employment, marital status, cigarette use, physical activity, healthy eating index, depressive symptoms, non-SSB sugar intake, years in the US and years between visits. Interactions of SSB and ASB with gender and years lived in the U.S. (US born, >10yr, ≤10 yr) were assessed. Results: Overall, 3326 [male=49.7%] and 1244 [male=35.7%] reported daily intake of >2 servings of SSBs and ASBs respectively whereas 2203 [male=26.1%] and 4318 [male=41.2%] reported daily intake < 1 servings of SSBs and ASBs respectively. Daily energy intake (kcal) was higher among those with higher daily SSB consumption [means=14768 and 2008 kcals; <1 serving and >2 servings, respectively] and lower with higher ASB consumption (means=1836 and 1773 kcals; <1 serving and >2 servings, respectively). Daily sugar intake independent of SSBs was higher with daily consumption of both SSB and ASB (<1 serving vs. 2 servings). Non-significant associations were found for daily SSB and ASB intake and changes in adiposity for all measures in males and females. Interaction between years in the U.S. and ASB consumption were significant only for change in weight and BMI [p<0.05]. Among those consuming <1 serving per day of ASBs, there was a larger mean change in weight and BMI for those who spent < 10yr in the U.S. compared to U.S. born. Conclusion: In this diverse Hispanic cohort, 6-year changes in measures of adiposity are not associated with daily SSB or ASB consumption. Modification of the association of ASB and measures of adiposity by years in US suggests further exploration is needed to discern its relationship among Hispanics.

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The Alternate Healthy Eating Index is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Latino Adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.906.12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Josiemer Mattei ◽

Daniela Sotres‐Alvarez ◽

Martha Daviglus ◽

Linda Gallo ◽

Marc Gellman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Community Health ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Health Study ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

Latino Adults

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Abstract P184: Occupation Type, Hypertension Status and Awareness Among Hispanic/Latino Adults: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalya Rosenberg ◽

Kamal Eldeirawi ◽

Ramon Durazo-Arvizu ◽

James Lash ◽

Earle Chambers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Health Study ◽

Skilled Workers ◽

Skilled Worker ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Service Workers ◽

Occupational Differences ◽

Hispanic Community ◽

The Us ◽

Latino Adults

Introduction: Occupation types, e.g. service, have been associated with hypertension (HTN). Data from Hispanics/Latinos are limited, despite high rates of HTN-related morbidity. We examined prevalence of HTN status and awareness by occupation type and association of occupation type with HTN status among Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: Baseline data from HCHS/SOL, a cohort of diverse Hispanics/Latinos ages 18-74 in 2008-11, were used. Participants (N=7,429, mean age 38.9 years) reported current occupation (definition in Table). HTN was defined as elevated blood pressure (≥ 140/≥90 mm Hg) or self-reported use of antihypertensives; HTN awareness as self-reported physician diagnosed HTN. Survey statistical analyses were weighted and stratified by sex. Effect modification by years in the US, language and social acculturation was tested. Results: Non-skilled worker was the most common occupation type (males 30.1%; females 25.3%). Age-adjusted prevalence of HTN was highest in service workers (males 20.7%; females 17.4%); lowest in non-skilled workers (males 15.5 %; females 14.2%). The prevalence of HTN awareness was lowest in non-skilled male workers (48.2%); highest in females in higher status occupations (76.8%). The association of occupation type with HTN status varied by social acculturation (i.e. preferred ethnicity of social relations). In males, service workers with low social acculturation (preferred Hispanic/Latino social relations) had lower odds of HTN compared to those in higher status occupations, while service or skilled workers with high social acculturation had higher odds of HTN. Female non-skilled workers with low social acculturation had higher odds of HTN compared to higher status occupations (Table). Conclusions: Among Hispanics/Latinos, prevalence of HTN status and awareness varies by occupation type. Occupation type and social acculturation are jointly associated with HTN status. Strategies for HTN prevention and awareness should take into account occupational differences.

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