Evaluation of an EpitypifiedOphiocordyceps formosana(Cordyceps s.l.) for Its Pharmacological Potential

The substantial merit ofCordyceps s.l.spp. in terms of medicinal benefits is largely appreciated. Nevertheless, only few studies have characterized and examined the clinical complications of the use of health tonics containing these species. Here, we epitypifiedC. formosanaisolates that were collected and characterized asOphiocordyceps formosanabased on morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic analyses, and metabolite profiling. Thus, we renamed and transferredC. formosanato the new protologueOphiocordyceps formosana(Kobayasi & Shimizu) Wang, Tsai, Tzean & Shencomb. nov.Additionally, the pharmacological potential ofO. formosanawas evaluated based on the hot-water extract from its mycelium. The relative amounts of the known bioactive ingredients that are unique toCordyceps s.l.species inO. formosanawere found to be similar to the amounts inO. sinensisandC. militaris, indicating the potential applicability ofO. formosanafor pharmacological uses. Additionally, we found thatO. formosanaexhibited antioxidation activitiesin vitroandin vivothat were similar to those ofO. sinensisandC. militaris. Furthermore,O. formosanaalso displayed conspicuously effective antitumor activity compared with the testedCordyceps s.l.species. Intrinsically,O. formosanaexhibited less toxicity than the otherCordycepsspecies. Together, our data suggest that the metabolites ofO. formosanamay play active roles in complementary medicine.

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Raphanus sativus ameliorates atherogeneic lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats and hypercholesterolemia-associated peroxidative liver damage

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v7i3.2374 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1385-1394 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mozammel Haque ◽

Jahirul Islam ◽

Asiqur Rahaman ◽

Fowzia Akter Selina ◽

Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Water Extract ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Hot Water

Objective: Raphanus sativus is a hugely used edible root vegetable. We investigated whether the feeding of the Raphanus sativus hot water extract (RSE) ameliorates atherogenic lipid profile and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: After feeding of the RSE to hypercholesterolemic rats for 6 weeks, the levels of plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and fecal TC levels were studied. The effects of RSE on the hepatic enzymes, namely alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and liver histology were also evaluated. Results: Hypercholesterolemia increased the levels of TC and TG in the plasma and livers. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP in plasma and LPO in the liver also increased. The dietary RSE, however, significantly ameliorated the above atherogenic lipids and liver enzymes. The RSE significantly reduced the levels of LPO in the liver, suggesting an in vivo protection against of oxidative stress. The RSE also inhibited the in vitro Fenton’s reagent-induced oxidative stress, thus corroborating the in vivo anti-LPO actions of RSE. The levels of hepatic LPO were positively correlated with plasma AST (r=0.76; P <0.05) and ALT (r=0.43; P<0.05) levels. Histologically, the livers of the RSE-fed hypercholesterolemic rats exhibited lesser fatty droplets and reduced inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Finally, R. sativus extract lowers the cardiovascular disease risk factors under hypercholesterolemic situation by increasing the plasma/hepatic clearance of cholesterol and improving the hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative damage of hepatic tissues.

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In Vitro and in Vivo Anti-oxidant Activity of Hot Water Extract of Basidiomycetes-X, Newly Identified Edible Fungus

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.31.111 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tetsuo Watanabe ◽

Yuki Nakajima ◽

Tetsuya Konishi

Keyword(s):

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Edible Fungus ◽

Hot Water Extract ◽

Anti Oxidant

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Anti-inflammatory Effect of Onion (Allium cepa) Peel Hot Water Extract in vitro and in vivo

KSBB Journal ◽

10.7841/ksbbj.2015.30.4.148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

Bo-Kyeong Kang ◽

Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim ◽

Na-Kyung Ahn ◽

Yeon-Uk Choi ◽

Min-ji Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Hot Water Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Pharmacological potential of naturally occurring nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP)

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2015.4607 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 307-310

Author(s):

Dhwani T. Dave ◽

◽

Gaurang B. Shah ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Extract ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Crude Polysaccharide ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Promising Source

Since ancient times, plants have been serving as a promising source of medicines and in recent times, extensive research has been made to isolate, characterize and screen a number of phytoconstituents/secondary plant metabolites for their pharmacological activities and safety in various disease models – both in vitro and in vivo. One such category of phytoconstituents is “polysaccharides”. These are found in different parts of the plant such as roots, leaves, stem and leaves and are extracted maximally in polar solvent – for eg. water extract of the afore mentioned plant parts contain the crude polysaccharide fraction. These are non-starch type in nature and can be a mixture of more than one type of polysaccharide too. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss such therapeutically active plant polysaccharides in terms of their wide pharmacologically active profile along with methods to isolate and characterize them in brief.

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In vitro nematicidal activity of extracts of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae), on different life-cycle stages of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae)

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x09990435 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 156-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Wabo Poné ◽

C.F. Bilong Bilong ◽

M. Mpoame

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Eggs And Larvae

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant strains of helminths, drug residues in animal products and high cost of conventional anthelmintics has created an interest in studying medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintic. The potential nematicidal activities of four extracts from the bark of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) stem were investigated in vitro. Extracts were diluted in distilled water (DW) to obtain five different concentrations (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mg/ml) and put in contact with eggs and larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. The different stages of the life cycle were also put in contact with the same concentration of mebendazole (MBZ, positive control). One millilitre of each extract at different concentrations and control were added to 1 ml solution containing 30–40 eggs or 10–15 larvae (L1, L2 and L3) and distributed in different Petri dishes. The eggs and larvae were incubated at 24°C and exposure times were: 48 h for un-embryonated eggs, 6 h for embryonated eggs; 2, 4, 6 and 24 h for L1 and L2 larvae, 24–48 h for infective larvae (L3), and 5 days for the larval development test (from L1 to L3). DW and 1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were used as placebo and DMSO control, respectively. Significant effects were obtained with three of the four extracts, and differences were observed depending on the parasite stage. Cold water extract (CWE), hot water extract (HWE) and ethanol extract (ETE) inhibited embryonic development (40, 45 and 10%) and hatching of embryonated eggs (40, 85 and 80%), respectively, at 3.5 mg/ml. Only ETE killed L1 (97.18%) and L2 (92.68%) larvae of H. polygyrus after 24 h at 3.5 mg/ml and drastically reduced the production rate (6% at 3.0 and 3.5 mg/ml) of infective larvae (L3) after 5 days of incubation compared to other extracts (P < 0.05). However, the infective larvae of H. polygyrus were resistant to the effect of each of the tested products (extracts and mebendazole). These in vitro results suggested that extracts of C. mannii, used by traditional healers in Dschang, Western Region of Cameroon (Central Africa) to cure intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal pains of their patients, possess nematicidal properties. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and saponins present in the extracts. It is suggested that further experiments incorporating in vivo purification of extracts and toxicological investigations should be carried out.

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Anti-Obesity Effect of Hot Water Extract of Barley Sprout through the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11090610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 610

Author(s):

Myeong-Jin Kim ◽

Hye-Won Kawk ◽

Sang-Hyeon Kim ◽

Hy-Jae Lee ◽

Ji-Won Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipocyte Differentiation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Water Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Hot Water ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Hot Water Extract ◽

Model Weight

Barley sprouts are known to have several effective physiological activities. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of a barley sprout hot water extract (BSE) was confirmed. Saponarin was quantitatively analyzed in BSE using HPLC, and the inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation into adipocytes was confirmed by Oil Red O staining, TG assay, and Western blotting. In addition, the inhibitory effect of BSE on adipocyte growth was confirmed through glucose uptake and lipolysis of adipocytes. C57/BL/6N mice were induced to obesity with a high-fat diet, and BSE was administered to confirm the effect on an animal model. Weight gain, morphological changes in adipose tissue, changes in the food efficiency ratio, and blood biochemical changes were observed, and an improvement effect on fatty liver was confirmed. As a result, the anti-obesity effect of BSE was confirmed in vitro, and it was confirmed that this effect was also effective in vivo and that it could be helpful in the treatment of obesity-related diseases.

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