scholarly journals Past, Present, and Future of Nerve Conduits in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikeremujiang Muheremu ◽  
Qiang Ao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
New Construction

With significant advances in the research and application of nerve conduits, they have been used to repair peripheral nerve injury for several decades. Nerve conduits range from biological tubes to synthetic tubes, and from nondegradable tubes to biodegradable tubes. Researchers have explored hollow tubes, tubes filled with scaffolds containing neurotrophic factors, and those seeded with Schwann cells or stem cells. The therapeutic effect of nerve conduits is improving with increasing choice of conduit material, new construction of conduits, and the inclusion of neurotrophic factors and support cells in the conduits. Improvements in functional outcomes are expected when these are optimized for use in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Perspective on Schwann Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
Zhong Huang ◽  
Rebecca Powell ◽  
James B. Phillips ◽  
Kirsten Haastert-Talini
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Schwann cells play a crucial role in successful peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by supporting both axonal growth and myelination. Schwann cells are therefore a feasible option for cell therapy treatment of peripheral nerve injury. However, sourcing human Schwann cells at quantities required for development beyond research is challenging. Due to their availability, rapid in vitro expansion, survival, and integration within the host tissue, stem cells have attracted considerable attention as candidate cell therapies. Among them, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with the associated prospects for personalized treatment are a promising therapy to take the leap from bench to bedside. In this critical review, we firstly focus on the current knowledge of the Schwann cell phenotype in regard to peripheral nerve injury, including crosstalk with the immune system during peripheral nerve regeneration. Then, we review iPSC to Schwann cell derivation protocols and the results from recent in vitro and in vivo studies. We finally conclude with some prospects for the use of iPSCs in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Effect of exosomes from adipose‐derived stem cells on the apoptosis of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai‐Yue Liu ◽  
Gang Yin ◽  
Yi‐Dan Sun ◽  
Yao‐Fa Lin ◽  
Zheng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Transplantation of Schwann cells in a collagen tube for the repair of large, segmental peripheral nerve defects in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerko A. Berrocal ◽  
Vania W. Almeida ◽  
Ranjan Gupta ◽  
Allan D. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
Segmental Nerve ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Object Segmental nerve defects pose a daunting clinical challenge, as peripheral nerve injury studies have established that there is a critical nerve gap length for which the distance cannot be successfully bridged with current techniques. Construction of a neural prosthesis filled with Schwann cells (SCs) could provide an alternative treatment to successfully repair these long segmental gaps in the peripheral nervous system. The object of this study was to evaluate the ability of autologous SCs to increase the length at which segmental nerve defects can be bridged using a collagen tube. Methods The authors studied the use of absorbable collagen conduits in combination with autologous SCs (200,000 cells/μl) to promote axonal growth across a critical size defect (13 mm) in the sciatic nerve of male Fischer rats. Control groups were treated with serum only–filled conduits of reversed sciatic nerve autografts. Animals were assessed for survival of the transplanted SCs as well as the quantity of myelinated axons in the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the channel. Results Schwann cell survival was confirmed at 4 and 16 weeks postsurgery by the presence of prelabeled green fluorescent protein–positive SCs within the regenerated cable. The addition of SCs to the nerve guide significantly enhanced the regeneration of myelinated axons from the nerve stump into the proximal (p < 0.001) and middle points (p < 0.01) of the tube at 4 weeks. The regeneration of myelinated axons at 16 weeks was significantly enhanced throughout the entire length of the nerve guide (p < 0.001) as compared with their number in a serum–only filled tube and was similar in number compared with the reversed autograft. Autotomy scores were significantly lower in the animals whose sciatic nerve was repaired with a collagen conduit either without (p < 0.01) or with SCs (p < 0.001) when compared with a reversed autograft. Conclusions The technique of adding SCs to a guidance channel significantly enhanced the gap distance that can be repaired after peripheral nerve injury with long segmental defects and holds promise in humans. Most importantly, this study represents some of the first essential steps in bringing autologous SC-based therapies to the domain of peripheral nerve injuries with long segmental defects.

Gene transfer to schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury: A delivery system for therapeutic agents

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Sørensen ◽  
Georg Haase ◽  
Christian Krarup ◽  
Helene Gilgenkrantz ◽  
Axel Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Agents

scholarly journals The macrophage response to central and peripheral nerve injury. A possible role for macrophages in regeneration.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V H Perry ◽  
M C Brown ◽  
S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Macrophage Response ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Myelin Degradation ◽  
Degenerating Axons

Using mAbs and immunocytochemistry we have examined the response of macrophages (M phi) after crush injury to the sciatic or optic nerve in the mouse and rat. We have established that large numbers of M phi enter peripheral nerves containing degenerating axons; the M phi are localized to the portion containing damaged axons, and they phagocytose myelin. The period of recruitment of the M phi in the peripheral nerve is before and during the period of maximal proliferation of the Schwann cells. In contrast, the degenerating optic nerve attracts few M phi, and the removal of myelin is much slower. These results show the clearly different responses of M phi to damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and suggest that M phi may be an important component of subsequent repair as well as myelin degradation.

Evaluation of nerve growth factor (NGF) treated mesenchymal stem cells for recovery in neurotmesis model of peripheral nerve injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Moattari ◽  
Homa Mohseni Kouchesfehani ◽  
Gholamreza Kaka ◽  
Seyed Homayoon Sadraie ◽  
Majid Naghdi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Nerve Growth

scholarly journals Practical considerations concerning the use of stem cells for peripheral nerve repair

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Walsh ◽  
_ _ ◽  
Rajiv Midha
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Injured Nerve

In this review the authors intend to demonstrate the need for supplementing conventional repair of the injured nerve with alternative therapies, namely transplantation of stem or progenitor cells. Although peripheral nerves do exhibit the potential to regenerate axons and reinnervate the end organ, outcome following severe nerve injury, even after repair, remains relatively poor. This is likely because of the extensive injury zone that prevents axon outgrowth. Even if outgrowth does occur, a relatively slow growth rate of regeneration results in prolonged denervation of the distal nerve. Whereas denervated Schwann cells (SCs) are key players in the early regenerative success of peripheral nerves, protracted loss of axonal contact renders Schwann cells unreceptive for axonal regeneration. Given that denervated Schwann cells appear to become effete, one logical approach is to support the distal denervated nerve environment by replacing host cells with those derived exogenously. A number of different sources of stem/precursor cells are being explored for their potential application in the scenario of peripheral nerve injury. The most promising candidate, transplant cells are derived from easily accessible sources such as the skin, bone marrow, or adipose tissue, all of which have demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into Schwann cell–like cells. Although recent studies have shown that stem cells can act as promising and beneficial adjuncts to nerve repair, considerable optimization of these therapies will be required for their potential to be realized in a clinical setting. The authors investigate the relevance of the delivery method (both the number and differentiation state of cells) on experimental outcomes, and seek to clarify whether stem cells must survive and differentiate in the injured nerve to convey a therapeutic effect. As our laboratory uses skin-derived precursor cells (SKPCs) in various nerve injury paradigms, we relate our findings on cell fate to other published studies to demonstrate the need to quantify stem cell survival and differentiation for future studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document