scholarly journals Influence of CAG Repeat Polymorphism on the Targets of Testosterone Action

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tirabassi ◽  
Angelo Cignarelli ◽  
Sebastio Perrini ◽  
Nicola delli Muti ◽  
Giorgio Furlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Male Sexual Function ◽  
The Many ◽  
Shed Light

In the last decade, ample evidence has demonstrated the growing importance of androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat polymorphism in andrology. This genetic parameter is able to condition the peripheral effects of testosterone and therefore to influence male sexual function and fertility, cardiovascular risk, body composition, bone metabolism, the risk of prostate and testicular cancer, the psychiatric status, and the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we extensively discuss the literature data and identify a role for AR CAG repeat polymorphism in conditioning the systemic testosterone effects. In particular, our main purpose was to provide an updated text able to shed light on the many and often contradictory findings reporting an influence of CAG repeat polymorphism on the targets of testosterone action.

scholarly journals Is the effect of testosterone on body composition modulated by the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in elderly men?

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lapauw ◽  
S Goemaere ◽  
P Crabbe ◽  
J M Kaufman ◽  
J B Ruige
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Body Composition Assessment

Objective: The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a CAG repeat polymorphism coding for a polyglutamine chain, the length of which is inversely correlated with AR transcriptional activity. We explored whether this polymorphism modulates the activities of testosterone (T) related to body composition in elderly men. Design: We performed cross-sectional analyses using data from a 4-year follow-up study in community-dwelling men aged 75–89 years (n=159). Methods: Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and its relation with T and the AR gene CAG repeat length was assessed by multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for confounding and exploring effect modification. Results: AR gene CAG repeat length was not directly related to body composition, either with or without adjustment for confounding variables like age, weight, total T or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. However, exploration of effect modification showed that CAG repeat length modulated the relation between T and body composition (standardized regression coefficients of interaction term: β=0.12, P<0.01 and β=−0.09, P<0.05 for fat-free mass and fat mass respectively). These results were confirmed using similar models and data of mean T, SHBG and weight of the 2 years’ preceding body composition assessment instead of data of the same year (β=0.09, P<0.05 and β=−0.09, P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the AR gene CAG polymorphism contributes, albeit modestly, to the between-subject variation of T action on body composition in community-dwelling elderly men.

Scholarship and Inquiry in Early Mesopotamia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-143
Author(s):  
Paul Delnero
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Many ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThousands of texts documenting the activities of scribes and scholars that shed light on the social context of scholarship and scientific inquiry survive from the first half of Mesopotamian history (c. 3400 bc to c. 1600 bc). Since these texts provide ample evidence that scholarship occupied a central place in Mesopotamian culture and society during the period in question, examining their content is essential to reconstructing what can be known about scientific knowledge and practice in the ancient world. In this chapter some of this evidence will be considered in order to present a modest overview of the social position and intellectual processes of knowledge acquisition and inquiry during the first phase of Mesopotamian history and to address preliminarily some of the many questions that can be asked about scholarship and inquiry in early Mesopotamia.

Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in longitudinal height and body composition in children and adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Voorhoeve ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
André G. Uitterlinden ◽  
Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal ◽  
Steven W. J. Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism

Association Between Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Plasma Testosterone Levels in Postmenopausal Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Simoni Brum ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer ◽  
Franyoise Paris ◽  
Maria Augusta Maturana ◽  
Franyoise Audran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Testosterone Levels

scholarly journals Frailty, Serum Androgens, and the CAG Repeat Polymorphism: Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2746-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Travison ◽  
Rebecca Shackelton ◽  
Andre B. Araujo ◽  
John E. Morley ◽  
Rachel E. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Androgen Sensitivity ◽  
Aging Study

Abstract Context: The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor, denoted (CAG)n, is thought to (inversely) index androgen sensitivity. We hypothesized that (CAG)n would exhibit a modifying influence on the association between circulating total and calculated free testosterone (TT and FT) and physical frailty in aging men. Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the influence of (CAG)n on the relation between circulating TT, FT, LH, SHBG, and frailty. Design: This was a prospective cohort study of health and endocrine functioning in randomly selected men, with a baseline (T1: 1987–89) and two follow-up (T2: 1995–1997; T3: 2002–2004) visits. Setting: This was an observational study of men residing in greater Boston, MA. Participants: A total of 624 subjects aged 50–86 yr were retained. Main Outcome Measures: The frailty phenotype was measured at T3. Components included weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, weakness, and slowness. Subjects exhibiting two of these five components were considered to be in an intermediate state, and those exhibiting three or more were considered frail. Results: (CAG)n was positively associated with TT and FT. Multivariable regression analyses revealed no influence of CAG on longitudinal within-subject changes in hormone levels or cross-sectional (T3) associations between hormone concentrations and the prevalence of intermediate frailty or frailty. Models incorporating subjects’ history of hormone decline produced similar negative results. Conclusions: This population-based study does not support the hypothesis that interindividual differences in (CAG)n can account for a lack of association between circulating androgens and the frailty phenotype. Longitudinal analyses are needed to confirm these conclusions.

Association of androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

Gene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 575 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyu Zhu ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yudou Xie ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Yuzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism

scholarly journals ACE2 polymorphisms as potential players in COVID-19 outcome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Salim Khayat ◽  
Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção ◽  
Bruna Claudia Meireles Khayat ◽  
Taíssa Maíra Thomaz Araújo ◽  
Jéssica Almeida Batista-Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Biological Aspect ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Biological Explanation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Regulatory Sites

AbstractThe clinical condition COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Currently, there are more than 5 million cases worldwide, and the pandemic has increased exponentially in many countries, with different incidences and death rates among regions/ethnicities and, intriguingly, between sexes. In addition to the many factors that can influence these discrepancies, we suggest a biological aspect, the genetic variation at the viral S protein receptor in human cells, ACE2 (angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2), which may contribute to the worse clinical outcome in males and in some regions worldwide. We performed exomics analysis in native and admixed South American populations, and we also conducted in silico genomics databank investigations in populations from other continents. Interestingly, at least ten polymorphisms in coding, noncoding and regulatory sites were found that can shed light on this issue and offer a plausible biological explanation for these epidemiological differences. In conclusion, ACE2 polymorphisms should influence epidemiological discrepancies observed among ancestry and, moreover, between sexes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document