Immunophenotype Heterogeneity in Nasal Glomangiopericytoma

Nasal glomangiopericytoma is rare. The immunophenotype is heterogeneous, more frequently smooth-muscle-actin and CD34-positive. We report expression patterns for several vascular-related proteins such as CD99, CD146, Bcl2, and WT1 as well as for treatment-related proteins such as mTOR and EGFR in a nasal glomangiopericytoma. The patient (woman, 86 years) presented with a left nasal tumefaction. The resected specimen (1.5-cm) showed a glomangiopericytoma. Tumor cells expressed smooth-muscle-actin, CD31, CD34, and progesterone receptor. They also expressed the vascular-cell-related proteins Bcl2, CD99, CD146, and WT1, as well as mTOR and EGFR. Nasal glomangiopericytomas show immunohistochemical heterogeneity for vascular-related markers, suggesting a possible extensive pericytic differentiation. The expression of potential targets for drug treatments such as mTOR and EGFR may impact on the clinical follow-up of these tumors occurring at advanced ages, which may require complex surgery.

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Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular smooth-muscle caldesmon by S.100 and related smooth-muscle proteins

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2770819 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 277 (3) ◽

pp. 819-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

K Pritchard ◽

S B Marston

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Bovine Brain ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Muscle Proteins ◽

Related Protein ◽

Thin Filaments ◽

S 100 ◽

Related Proteins

1. We have investigated the ability of bovine brain S.100, and of three related proteins from sheep aorta smooth muscle, to confer Ca(2+)-sensitivity on thin filaments reconstituted from smooth-muscle actin, tropomyosin and caldesmon. 2. At 37 degrees C in pH 7.0 buffer containing 120 mM-KCl, approximately stoichiometric amounts of S.100 reversed caldesmon's inhibition of the activation of myosin MgATPase by smooth-muscle actin-tropomyosin. The [S.100] which reversed by 50% the inhibition by caldesmon (the E.C.50) was 2.5 microM when [caldesmon] = 2-3 microM in the assay mixture. When [KCl] was decreased to 70 mM, E.C.50 = 11.5 microM; at 25 degrees C in 70 mM-KCl, up to 20 microM-S.100 had no effect. When skeletal-muscle actin rather than smooth-muscle actin was used to reconstitute thin filaments, 20 microM-S.100 did reverse inhibition by caldesmon, at 25 degrees C in buffer containing 70 mM-KCl. This dependence on conditions is also characteristic of the calmodulin-caldesmon interaction. 3. These results suggested that S.100 or a related protein might interact with caldesmon in smooth muscle. We therefore attempted to prepare such a protein from sheep aorta. Three proteins were purified: an Mr-17,000 protein (yield 16 mg/kg), an abundant Mr-11,000 protein (yield 48 mg/kg), and an Mr-9000 protein (yield 4 mg/kg). Neither of the last two low-Mr proteins had any effect on activation of myosin MgATPase by reconstituted thin filaments. The protein of Mr 17,000 had Ca(2+)-sensitizing activity, and behaved exactly like brain calmodulin in the assay system.

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Piloleiomyosarcoma in Seven Ferrets

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.38-6-710 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 710-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. H. Rickman ◽

L. E. Craig ◽

M. H. Goldschmidt

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Mustela Putorius ◽

Nuclear Pleomorphism ◽

Complete Surgical Excision

In each of seven ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo) with leiomyosarcoma, a single dermal mass was identified and biopsied. Each mass consisted of a well-demarcated but nonencapsulated proliferation of large spindle- to strap-shaped cells arranged in interwoven bundles. The cells resembled the smooth muscle cells of the adjacent arrector pili muscles, but with marked nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and vimentin was positive and staining for myoglobin and cytokeratin was negative. Follow-up on three of the ferrets indicates that the prognosis is good following complete surgical excision.

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Solitary Dermal Leiomyosarcomas in 12 Ferrets

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870201400316 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 262-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Igor Mikaelian ◽

Michael M. Garner

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

High Power ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Mitotic Rate ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Adrenal Disease

Twelve 3–6-year-old ferrets (8 males, 3 females, 1 unknown) were presented with single cutaneous nodules. These dermal tumors were characterized histologically by nodular proliferation of neoplastic smooth muscle fibers with marked anisokaryosis and a mitotic rate of >2 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. Neoplastic cells stained strongly for vimentin in all tumors and for smooth muscle actin and desmin in all but 1 tumor. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of piloleiomyosarcoma for these tumors. Excision was curative in all animals available for follow-up. However, 3 of 5 animals developed adrenal disease within 7 months after removal of the dermal leiomyosarcoma.

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Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin (αSMA) Immunohistochemistry Use in the Differentiation of Pancreatic Cancer from Chronic Pancreatitis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10245804 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 5804

Author(s):

Katarzyna Winter ◽

Monika Dzieniecka ◽

Janusz Strzelczyk ◽

Małgorzata Wągrowska-Danilewicz ◽

Marian Danilewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Healthy Tissue ◽

Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽

Resected Specimen ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin

Aim: Fibrosis is observed both in pancreatic cancer (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). The main cells involved in fibrosis are pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which activate alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), which is considered to be the best-known fibrosis marker. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of the αSMA in patients with PDAC and CP as the possible differentiation marker. Methods: We enrolled 114 patients undergoing pancreatic resection: 83 with PDAC and 31 with CP. Normal fragments of resected specimen from 21 patients represented the control tissue. The immunoexpressions of αSMA were detected in tissue specimens with immunohistochemistry (Abcam antibodies, GB). Results: Mean cytoplasmatic expression of αSMA protein in PDAC stromal cells was significantly higher compared to CP: 2.42 ± 0.37 vs 1.95 ± 0.45 (p < 0.01) and control group 0.61 ± 0.45 (p < 0.01). Strong immunoexpression of the αSMA protein was found in the vast majority (80.7%) of patients with PDAC, in about half (58%) of patients with CP, and not at all in healthy tissue. The expression of αSMA of different intensity was found in all patients with PDAC and CP, while in healthy tissue was minimal or absent. In PDAC patients, αSMA expression was significantly higher in tumors of diameter higher than 3 cm compared to smaller ones (p = 0.017). Conclusions: Presented findings confirm the significant role of fibrosis in both PDAC and CP; however, they do not confirm the role of αSMA as a marker of differentiation.

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Bcl-2-related Proteins, α-Smooth Muscle Actin and Amyloid Deposits in Aggressive and non-Aggressive Basal Cell Carcinomas

Acta Dermato Venereologica ◽

10.1080/000155502762064548 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 423-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Önder Bozdogan ◽

Emel Erkek ◽

Pinar Atasoy ◽

Mukadder Koçak ◽

Ahu Birol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Amyloid Deposits ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Related Proteins

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Rapid Prototypable Biomimetic Peristalsis Bioreactor Capable of Concurrent Shear and Multi-axial Strain

Cells Tissues Organs ◽

10.1159/000521752 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Abigail J. Clevenger ◽

Logan Z. Crawford ◽

Dillon Noltensmeyer ◽

Hamed Babaei ◽

Samuel B. Mabbott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Myogenic Differentiation ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Axial Strain ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Screw Drive ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Actin Fiber

Peristalsis is a nuanced mechanical stimulus comprised of multi-axial strain (radial and axial strain) and shear stress. Forces associated with peristalsis regulate diverse biological functions including digestion, reproductive function, and urine dynamics. Given the central role peristalsis plays in physiology and pathophysiology, we were motivated to design a bioreactor capable of holistically mimicking peristalsis. We engineered a novel rotating screw-drive based design combined with a peristaltic pump, in order to deliver multiaxial strain and concurrent shear stress to a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane “wall”. Radial indentation and rotation of the screw drive against the wall demonstrated multi-axial strain evaluated via finite element modeling. Experimental measurements of strain using piezoelectric strain resistors were in close alignment of model-predicted values (15.9 ± 4.2% vs. 15.2% predicted). Modeling of shear stress on the ‘wall’ indicated a uniform velocity profile and a moderate shear stress of 0.4 Pa. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the PDMS ‘wall’ and stimulated with peristalsis demonstrated dramatic changes in actin filament alignment, proliferation, and nuclear morphology compared to static controls, perfusion or strain, indicating that hMSCs sensed and responded to peristalsis uniquely. Lastly, significant differences were observed in gene expression patterns of Calponin, Caldesmon, Smooth Muscle Actin, and Transgelin, corroborating the propensity of hMSCs toward myogenic differentiation in response to peristalsis. Collectively, our data suggests that the peristalsis bioreactor is capable of generating concurrent multi-axial strain and shear stress on a ‘wall’. hMSCs experience peristalsis differently than perfusion or strain, resulting in changes in proliferation, actin fiber organization, smooth muscle actin expression, and genetic markers of differentiation. The peristalsis bioreactor device has broad utility in the study of development and disease in several organ systems.

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Prostatic Rhabdomyoma in a Toddler: A Case Report With Molecular Characterization

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1177/10935266211046926 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109352662110469

Author(s):

Paola X. De la Iglesia Niveyro ◽

J. Pandolfi ◽

F. Jauk ◽

T. Kreindel ◽

P. Lobos

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Case Report ◽

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Ultrasound Evaluation ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Generation Sequencing

We present a 29-month-old male patient in follow-up due to pyelocaliceal dilation with a prostatic nodule incidentally found during ultrasound evaluation. Cysto video endoscopy was performed and a prostate biopsy, obtained. Microscopic evaluation showed a haphazardly distributed population of muscular cells with cross striations without evidence of mitosis or necrosis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for myogenin and desmin and negative for smooth muscle actin. Next generation sequencing was performed without finding any pathogenic variant or fusion in the tumor RNA. The patient received no further treatment, remained asymptomatic and continues in follow up, 3 years after initial diagnosis. We report a case of prostate rhabdomyoma in a toddler, an exceptional location that raises concern about differential diagnosis with its malignant counterpart, rhabdomyosarcoma, especially at this age.

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