scholarly journals Primary Retinal Cultures as a Tool for Modeling Diabetic Retinopathy: An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Matteucci ◽  
Monica Varano ◽  
Cinzia Mallozzi ◽  
Lucia Gaddini ◽  
Marika Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Retinal Cultures

Experimental models of diabetic retinopathy (DR) have had a crucial role in the comprehension of the pathophysiology of the disease and the identification of new therapeutic strategies. Most of these studies have been conductedin vivo, in animal models. However, a significant contribution has also been provided by studies on retinal cultures, especially regarding the effects of the potentially toxic components of the diabeticmilieuon retinal cell homeostasis, the characterization of the mechanisms on the basis of retinal damage, and the identification of potentially protective molecules. In this review, we highlight the contribution given by primary retinal cultures to the study of DR, focusing on early neuroglial impairment. We also speculate on possible themes into which studies based on retinal cell cultures could provide deeper insight.

scholarly journals Preclinical characterization of dostarlimab, a therapeutic anti-PD-1 antibody with potent activity to enhance immune function in in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal models

mAbs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1954136
Author(s):  
Sujatha Kumar ◽  
Srimoyee Ghosh ◽  
Geeta Sharma ◽  
Zebin Wang ◽  
Marilyn R. Kehry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

scholarly journals Preclinical Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection and Characterization of Osteomyelitis: Experiences from a Porcine Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4221
Author(s):  
Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup ◽  
Svend Borup Jensen ◽  
Ole Lerberg Nielsen ◽  
Lars Jødal ◽  
Pia Afzelius
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The development of new and better radioactive tracers capable of detecting and characterizing osteomyelitis is an ongoing process, mainly because available tracers lack selectivity towards osteomyelitis. An integrated part of developing new tracers is the performance of in vivo tests using appropriate animal models. The available animal models for osteomyelitis are also far from ideal. Therefore, developing improved animal osteomyelitis models is as important as developing new radioactive tracers. We recently published a review on radioactive tracers. In this review, we only present and discuss osteomyelitis models. Three ethical aspects (3R) are essential when exposing experimental animals to infections. Thus, we should perform experiments in vitro rather than in vivo (Replacement), use as few animals as possible (Reduction), and impose as little pain on the animal as possible (Refinement). The gain for humans should by far exceed the disadvantages for the individual experimental animal. To this end, the translational value of animal experiments is crucial. We therefore need a robust and well-characterized animal model to evaluate new osteomyelitis tracers to be sure that unpredicted variation in the animal model does not lead to a misinterpretation of the tracer behavior. In this review, we focus on how the development of radioactive tracers relies heavily on the selection of a reliable animal model, and we base the discussions on our own experience with a porcine model.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical properties of 'sucupira' (Pterodon spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Hansen ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Antonio Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The plant of the genus Pterodon (Fabaceae, Leguminosae), commonly known as 'sucupira' or 'faveira', are disseminated throughout the central region of Brazil and has frequently been used in popular medicine for its anti-rheumatic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, interest in these plants has increased considerably. The biological effects of different phytoextracts and pure metabolites have been investigated in several experimental models in vivo and in vitro. The literature describes flavonoids, triterpene and steroids, while one paper presented studies with proteins isolated from the genus. This review provides an overview of phytochemical and pharmacological research in Pterodon, showing the main chemical compounds studied to date, and focusing on the relationship between these molecules and their biological activity. Furthermore, this study paves the way for more in-depth investigation, isolation and characterization of the molecules of this plant genus.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of the PutP Proline Permease That Contributes to In Vivo Survival ofStaphylococcus aureus in Animal Models

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Schwan ◽  
Silvija N. Coulter ◽  
Eva Y. W. Ng ◽  
Michael H. Langhorne ◽  
Heather D. Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Entire Open Reading Frame ◽  
In Vivo Growth

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of humans and other animals, causing bacteremia, abscesses, endocarditis, and other infectious syndromes. A signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) system was adapted for use in studying the genes required for in vivo survival of S. aureus. An STM library was ultimately created in S. aureus RN6390, with Tn917 being used to create the transposon mutations. Pools of S. aureusRN6390 mutants were screened in mouse abscess, bacteremia, and wound infection models for growth attenuation after in vivo passage. One of the mutants that was identified displayed marked attenuation following large-pool screening in all three animal models, which was confirmed in bacteremia and endocarditis models of infection with a smaller pool of mutants. Sequence analysis of the entire open reading frame showed a 99% identity to the high-affinity proline permease (putP) gene characterized in another strain of S. aureus. In wound and murine abscess infection models, the putP mutant was approximately 10-fold more attenuated than was wild-type strain RN6390. Another S. aureus strain transduced with theputP mutation also displayed an attenuated phenotype after passage in the wound model. A [3H]proline uptake assay showed that less proline was specifically transported into theputP mutant than into strain RN6390. The reduced viability of the bacteria possessing the mutation in the S. aureushigh-affinity proline permease suggests that proline scavenging by the bacteria is important for in vivo growth and proliferation and that analogs of proline may serve as potential antistaphylococcal therapeutic agents.

Animal Models in Peritoneal Dialysis Research: A Need for Consensus

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Mortier ◽  
Norbert H. Lameire ◽  
An S. De Vriese
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Study Duration

The development of an adequate animal model for peritoneal research remains an object of concern. In vivo peritoneal dialysis (PD) research is hampered by the large variety of available models that make interpretation of results and comparison of studies very difficult. Species and strain of experimental animals, method of peritoneal access, study duration, measures of solute transport and ultrafiltration, and sampling for histology differ substantially among the various research groups. A collective effort to discuss the shortcomings and merits of the different experimental models may lead to a consensus on a standardized animal model of PD.

scholarly journals In Vivo Models Used for Evaluation of Potential Antigastroduodenal Ulcer Agents

Ulcers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Charles Ansah ◽  
Isaac Galyuon ◽  
Alexander Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Antiulcer Drugs

Peptic ulcer is among the most serious gastrointestinal diseases in the world. Several orthodox drugs are employed for the treatment of the disease. Although these drugs are effective, they produce many adverse effects thus limiting their use. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in alternative therapies, especially those from plants due to their perceived relative lower side effects, ease of accessibility, and affordability. Plant medicines with ethnomedicinal use in peptic ulcer management need to be screened for their effectiveness and possible isolation of lead compounds. This requires use of appropriate animal models of various ulcers. The limited number of antiulcer models for drug development against gastric and duodenal ulcer studies has hindered the progress of targeted therapy in this field. It is, therefore, necessary to review the literature on experimental models used to screen agents with potential antigastroduodenal ulcer activity and explain their biochemical basis in order to facilitate their use in the development of new preventive and curative antiulcer drugs. Clinical trials can then be carried out on agents/drugs that show promise. In this paper, current in vivo animal models of ulcers and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their induction, their limitations, as well as the challenges associated with their use have been discussed.

In vivo pharmacological characterization of the structurally novel, potent, selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY404039 in animal models of psychiatric disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Rorick-Kehn ◽  
Bryan G. Johnson ◽  
Karen M. Knitowski ◽  
Craig R. Salhoff ◽  
Jeffrey M. Witkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization

Drug Delivery Systems: Application of Liposomal Anti-Tumor Agents to Neuroectodermal Cancer Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Di Paolo ◽  
Fabio Pastorino ◽  
Chiara Brignole ◽  
Danilo Marimpietri ◽  
Monica Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Organ Specific

Disseminated neuroectoderma-derived tumors, mainly neuroblastoma in childhood and melanoma in the adulthood, are refractory to most current therapeutic regimens and hence the prognosis remains very poor. Preclinical research studies have indicated several agents that show promising therapeutic potential for these neoplasms. However, there appears to be a limitation to their in vivo applicability, mainly due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties that lead to insufficient drug delivery to the tumor or metastatic sites or to high systemic or organ-specific toxicity. In this scenario, the focus is on targeted cancer therapy. Encapsulating anticancer drugs in liposomes enables targeted drug delivery to tumor tissue and prevents damage to the normal surrounding tissue. Indeed, sterically stabilized liposomes have been shown to enhance the selective localization of entrapped drugs to solid tumors, with improvements in therapeutic indices. The identification of tumor-associated antigens and/or genes and the relative ease of manipulating the physicochemical features of liposome hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that selectively target tumor cells. Combined targeting is still investigated, especially the availability to simultaneously target and kill both the cancer cells and the tumor vasculature. Animal models make it possible to link molecular genetics and biochemistry information to the physiological basis of disease and are important predictive tools that offer a frontline testing system for studying the involvement of specific genes and the efficacy of novel therapeutics approaches. Relevant experimental models of human neuroblastoma and melanoma, which better reflect the tumor behavior in patients, are required to evaluate the effectiveness of the various targeted liposomal formulations and their possible systemic and organ-specific toxicity. The most multifunctional targeted liposomes are herein described, with primary attention on testing their efficacy in clinically relevant animal models for the treatment of neuroblastoma and melanoma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document