scholarly journals Chewing and Attention: A Positive Effect on Sustained Attention

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Hirano ◽  
Minoru Onozuka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Task Effect ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Positive Effect

Chewing is crushing food not only to aid swallowing and digestion, but also to help stress relief and regulate cognitive function, especially in attention. It is well known that chewing gum is used for sleepiness prevention during work, learning, and driving, suggesting a link between chewing and sustained attention. We hypothesized that chewing elevates attention and/or alertness, leading to improvements in cognitive performance. We carried out a systematic review of the PubMed database. We inspected the attributes of effects on attention in studies investigating the effects of chewing on attention or alertness conducted with pre-post design in healthy subjects, except elderly. We identified 151 references, 22 of which were included: 14 (64%) showed positive attributes of effects on attention, 1 (5%) showed negative attributes of effects on attention, 5 (23%) showed both positive and negative attributes of effects on attention, and 2 (9%) showed no significant attributes of effects on attention. Thus, positive attributes of effects of chewing on attention, especially on sustained attention, were shown in over half of the reports. These effects also appeared with improvement in mood and stress relief and were influenced by time-on-task effect. Further studies are needed, but chewing could be useful for modifying cognitive function.

Is More Time Better for Divergent Thinking? A Meta-Analysis of the Time-On-Task Effect on Divergent Thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 100894
Author(s):  
Sue Hyeon Paek ◽  
Ahmed Abdulla ◽  
Selcuk Acar ◽  
Mark A. Runco
Keyword(s):  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Task Effect

AB0946 Association of Cognitive Function with Serum Uric Acid and Mean Platelet Volume Levels Between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Healthy Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 1215.3-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vural ◽  
F. Yıldız Aydın ◽  
B. Bozan ◽  
A.B. Kasım ◽  
I. Üstün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Volume

scholarly journals The time on task effect in reading and problem solving is moderated by task difficulty and skill: Insights from a computer-based large-scale assessment.

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Goldhammer ◽  
Johannes Naumann ◽  
Annette Stelter ◽  
Krisztina Tóth ◽  
Heiko Rölke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Task Effect ◽  
Computer Based

scholarly journals Description of Cognitive Function in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Susy Puspasari ◽  
Endar Andrianto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Psychomotor Functions ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
Sugar Levels

Cognitive decline in diabetes mellitus is not fully understood, though is generally ascribed to blood sugar levels exceeding normal (hyperglycemia), hypoglycemia conditions and insulin resistance. Cognitive function consists of aspects of memory, attention, executive function, perception, language, and psychomotor functions which affect the decline in cognitive function, especially in people with Diabetes Mellitus. This study aims to summarize the results of research on cognitive function in people with Diabetes Mellitus. The research method used was a literature review with an assessment using JBI critical appraisal tools. Articles were sourced via the PubMed database and Google Scholar using the search term ‘Cognitive Function AND Diabetes Mellitus’. The inclusion criteria were studies with quantitative design, full text, a population comprised of patients with Diabetes Mellitus, written in Indonesian or English. Six articles were reviewed, all the results state that patients with Diabetes Mellitus experienced a decrease in cognitive function, especially in the Executive Function, Visuospatial, and the Memory Domains.   Keywords: Cognitive function, Diabetes mellitus, Literature review

Gamma Oscillations Index Sustained Attention in a Brief Vigilance Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Lorraine Borghetti ◽  
Megan B. Morris ◽  
L. Jack Rhodes ◽  
Ashley R. Haubert ◽  
Bella Z. Veksler
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
High Performers ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Compensatory Effort

Sustained attention is an essential behavior in life, but often leads to performance decrements with time. Computational accounts of sustained attention suggest this is due to brief disruptions in goal-directed processing, or microlapses. Decreases in gamma spectral power are a potential candidate for indexing microlapses and discriminating between low and high performers in sustained attention tasks, while increases in beta, alpha, and theta power are expected to exhibit compensatory effort to offset fatigue. The current study tests these hypotheses in a 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test, a context that eliminates confounds with measuring gamma frequencies. 34 participants ( Mage = 22.60; SDage = 4.08) volunteered in the study. Results suggested frontal gamma power declined with time-on-task, indicating reduction in central cognition. Beta power increased with time-on-task, suggesting compensatory effort; however, alpha and theta power did not increase. Additionally, gamma power discriminated between low and high performers, potentially suggesting motivational differences between the groups.

scholarly journals The Sustained Attention to Response Task Shows Lower Cingulo-Opercular and Frontoparietal Activity in People with Narcolepsy Type 1: An fMRI Study on the Neural Regulation of Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Jari K. Gool ◽  
Ysbrand D. van der Werf ◽  
Gert Jan Lammers ◽  
Rolf Fronczek
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Response Task

Vigilance complaints often occur in people with narcolepsy type 1 and severely impair effective daytime functioning. We tested the feasibility of a three-level sustained attention to response task (SART) paradigm within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment to understand brain architecture underlying vigilance regulation in individuals with narcolepsy type 1. Twelve medication-free people with narcolepsy type 1 and 11 matched controls were included. The SART included four repetitions of a baseline block and two difficulty levels requiring moderate and high vigilance. Outcome measures were between and within-group performance indices on error rates and reaction times, and functional MRI (fMRI) parameters: mean activity during the task and between-group activity differences across the three conditions and related to changes in activation over time (time-on-task) and error-related activity. Patients—but not controls—made significantly more mistakes with increasing difficulty. The modified SART is a feasible MRI vigilance task showing similar task-positive brain activity in both groups within the cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, arousal, motor, and visual networks. During blocks of higher vigilance demand, patients had significantly lower activation in these regions than controls. Patients had lower error-related activity in the left pre- and postcentral gyrus. The time-on-task activity differences between groups suggest that those with narcolepsy are insufficiently capable of activating attention- and arousal-related regions when transitioning from attention initiation to stable attention, specifically when vigilance demand is high. They also show lower inhibitory motor activity in relation to errors, suggesting impaired executive functioning.

Time-on-task effect in pseudoneglect

2006 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dufour ◽  
Pascale Touzalin ◽  
Victor Candas
Keyword(s):  
Time On Task ◽  
Task Effect

scholarly journals 0214 Paradoxical Effect of Stimulus Density on PVT Time-on-Task Effect during Sleep Deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A84-A84
Author(s):  
K A Honn ◽  
H Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Task Effect
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